Provider: National Science Library - National Research Council Canada / Bibliothèque scientifique nationale - Conseil national de recherches Canada Content: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" TY - JOUR TI - Stabilized finite element methods for vertically averaged multiphase flow for carbon sequestration DO - 10.1002/nme.5480 AU - Ladubec, Chris AU - Gracie, Robert T2 - International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering SN - 0029-5981 VL - 111 IS - 8 SP - 724 EP - 752 AB - A computationally efficient numerical model that describes carbon sequestration in deep saline aquifers is presented. The model is based on the multiphase flow and vertically averaged mass balance equations, requiring the solution of two partial differential equations – a pressure equation and a saturation equation. The saturation equation is a nonlinear advective equation for which the application of Galerkin finite element method (FEM) can lead to non‐physical oscillations in the solution. In this article, we extend three stabilized FEM formulations, which were developed for uncoupled systems, to the governing nonlinear coupled PDEs. The methods developed are based on the streamline upwind, the streamline upwind/Petrov–Galerkin and the least squares FEM. Two sequential solution schemes are developed: a single step and a predictor–corrector. The range of Courant numbers yielding smooth and oscillation‐free solutions is investigated for each method. The useful range of Courant numbers found depends upon both the sequential scheme (single step vs predictor–corrector) and also the time integration method used (forward Euler, backward Euler or Crank–Nicolson). For complex problems such as when two plumes meet, only the SU stabilization with an amplified stabilization parameter gives satisfactory results when large time steps are used. DA - 2016/11/24 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b892e2ae-7216-4359-aee3-42d3724826b2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scalable manufacturing of boron nitride nanotubes and their assemblies: a review DO - 10.1088/0268-1242/32/1/013003 AU - Kim, Keun Su AU - Kim, Myung Jong AU - Park, Cheol AU - Fay, Catharine C. AU - Chu, Sang-Hyon AU - Kingston, Christopher T. AU - Simard, Benoit T2 - Semiconductor Science and Technology SN - 0268-1242 SN - 1361-6641 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 013003 AB - Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are wide bandgap semiconducting materials with a quasiparticle energy gap larger than 6.0 eV. Since their first synthesis in 1995, there have been considerable attempts to develop novel BNNT-based applications in semiconductor science and technology. Inspired by carbon nanotube synthesis methods, many BNNT synthesis methods have been developed so far; however, it has been very challenging to produce BNNTs at a large scale with the structural quality high enough for exploring practical applications. Very recently there has been significant progress in the scalable manufacturing of high-quality BNNTs. In this article, we will review those particular breakthroughs and discuss their impact on semiconductor industries. Freestanding BNNT assemblies such as transparent thin films, yarns or buckypapers are highly advantageous in the development of novel BNNT-based semiconductor devices. The latest achievements in their manufacturing processes will be also presented along with their potential applications. DA - 2016/12/01 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7aef1f9e-e583-4c2d-bafe-0347d0a5282e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reduced ensemble plasmon line widths and enhanced two-photon luminescence in anodically formed high surface area Au–TiO2 3D Nanocomposites DO - 10.1021/acsami.6b13164 AU - Farsinezhad, Samira AU - Banerjee, Shyama Prasad AU - Bangalore Rajeeva, Bharath AU - Wiltshire, Benjamin D. AU - Sharma, Himani AU - Sura, Anton AU - Mohammadpour, Arash AU - Kar, Piyush AU - Fedosejevs, Robert AU - Shankar, Karthik T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 740 EP - 749 KW - electrochemical anodization KW - heterogeneous catalysis KW - internal electric fields KW - nonlinear optical media KW - solar fuels KW - titania nanotubes AB - Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in TiO2 nanorod and nanotube arrays decorated by gold nanoparticles can be exploited to improve photocatalytic activity, enhance nonlinear optical coefficients, and increase light harvesting in solar cells. However, the LSPR typically has a low quality factor, and the resonance is often obscured by the Urbach tail of the TiO2 band gap absorption. Attempts to increase the LSPR extinction intensity by increasing the density of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the TiO2 nanostructures invariably produce peak broadening due to the effects of either agglomeration or polydispersity. We present a new class of hybrid nanostructures containing gold nanoparticles (NPs) partially embedded in nanoporous/nanotubular TiO2 by performing the anodization of cosputtered Ti–Au thin films containing a relatively high ratio of Au:Ti. Our method of anodizing thin film stacks containing alternate layers of Ti and TiAu results in very distinctive LSPR peaks with quality factors as high as 6.9 and ensemble line widths as small as 0.33 eV even in the presence of an Urbach tail. Unusual features in the anodization of such films are observed and explained, including oscillatory current transients and the observation of coherent heterointerfaces between the Au NPs and anatase TiO2. We further show that such a plasmonic NP-embedded nanotube structure dramatically outperforms a plasmonic NP-decorated anodic nanotube structure in terms of the extinction coefficient, and achieves a strongly enhanced two-photon fluorescence due to the high density of gold nanoparticles in the composite film and the plasmonic local field enhancement. DA - 2016/11/29 PY - 2016 PB - American Chemical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a69e0472-62d4-4f2a-a4d9-4e466c58bc3d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Excited state dynamics of acrylonitrile: substituent effects at conical intersections interrogated via time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio simulation DO - 10.1063/1.4962170 AU - Macdonell, Ryan J. AU - Schalk, Oliver AU - Geng, Ting AU - Thomas, Richard D. AU - Feifel, Raimund AU - Hansson, Tony AU - Schuurman, Michael S. T2 - The Journal of Chemical Physics SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 145 IS - 11 SP - 114306 AB - We report a joint experimental and theoretical study on the photoinitiated ultrafast dynamics of acrylonitrile (AN) and two methylated analogs: crotonitrile (CrN) and methacrylonitrile (MeAN). Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) and ab initio simulation are employed to discern the conical intersection mediated vibronic dynamics leading to relaxation to the ground electronic state. Each molecule is pumped with a femtosecond pulse at 200 nm and the ensuing wavepackets are probed by means of one and two photon ionization at 267 nm. The predominant vibrational motions involved in the de-excitation process, determined by ab initio trajectory simulations, are an initial twisting about the C=C axis followed by pyramidalization at a carbon atom. The decay of the time-resolved photoelectron signal for each molecule is characterized by exponential decay lifetimes for the passage back to the ground state of 60 ± 10, 86 ± 11, and 97 ± 9 fs for AN, CrN, and MeAN, respectively. As these results show, the excited state dynamics are sensitive to the choice of methylation site and the explanation for the observed trend may be found in the trajectory simulations. Specifically, since the pyramidalization motion leading to the conical intersection with the ground state is accompanied by the development of a partial negative charge at the central atom of the pyramidal group, the electron donation of the cyano group ensures that this occurs exclusively at the medial carbon atom. In this way, the donated electron density from the cyano group “directs” the wavepacket to a particular region of the intersection seam. The excellent agreement between the experimental and simulated TRPES spectra, the latter determined by employing trajectory simulations, demonstrates that this mechanistic picture is consistent with the spectroscopic results. DA - 2016/09/21 PY - 2016 PB - AIP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 112f81c8-beee-4b61-bd78-ef753aeeb5a0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Excited state X-ray absorption spectroscopy: probing both electronic and structural dynamics DO - 10.1063/1.4964369 AU - Neville, Simon P. AU - Averbukh, Vitali AU - Ruberti, Marco AU - Yun, Renjie AU - Patchkovskii, Serguei AU - Chergui, Majed AU - Stolow, Albert AU - Schuurman, Michael S. T2 - The Journal of Chemical Physics SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 145 IS - 14 SP - 144307 AB - We investigate the sensitivity of X-ray absorption spectra, simulated using a general method, to properties of molecular excited states. Recently, Averbukh and co-workers [M. Ruberti et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 184107 (2014)] introduced an efficient and accurate ℒ^2 method for the calculation of excited state valence photoionization cross-sections based on the application of Stieltjes imaging to the Lanczos pseudo-spectrum of the algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) representation of the electronic Hamiltonian. In this paper, we report an extension of this method to the calculation of excited state core photoionization cross-sections. We demonstrate that, at the ADC(2)x level of theory, ground state X-ray absorption spectra may be accurately reproduced, validating the method. Significantly, the calculated X-ray absorption spectra of the excited states are found to be sensitive to both geometric distortions (structural dynamics) and the electronic character (electronic dynamics) of the initial state, suggesting that core excitation spectroscopies will be useful probes of excited state non-adiabatic dynamics. We anticipate that the method presented here can be combined with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations to simulate the time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of excited state molecular wavepacket dynamics. DA - 2016/10/14 PY - 2016 PB - AIP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ff79897b-98fe-4642-b7ee-110f61900750 ER - TY - JOUR TI - RANKL release from self-assembling nanofiber hydrogels for inducing osteoclastogenesis in vitro DO - 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.006 AU - Xing, James Z. AU - Lu, Lei AU - Unsworth, Larry D. AU - Major, Paul W. AU - Doschak, Michael R. AU - Kaipatur, Neelambar R. T2 - Acta Biomaterialia SN - 1742-7061 VL - 49 SP - 306 EP - 315 AB - Purpose: To develop a nanofiber hydrogel (NF-hydrogel) for sustained and controlled release of the recombinant receptor activator of NF-kB ligand; (RANKL) and to characterize the release kinetics and bioactivity of the released RANKL. Methods: Various concentrations of fluorescently-labelled RANKL protein were added to NF-hydrogels, composed of Acetyl-(Arg-Ala-Asp-Ala)4-CONH2 [(RADA)4] of different concentrations, to investigate the resulting in vitro release rates. The nano-structures of NF-hydrogel, with and without RANKL, were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Released RANKL was further analyzed for changes in secondary and tertiary structure using CD spectroscopy and fluorescent emission spectroscopy, respectively. Bioactivity of released RANKL protein was determined using NFATc1 gene expression and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity of osteoclast cells as biomarkers. Results: NF-hydrogel concentration dependent sustained release of RANKL protein was measured at concentrations between 0.5 and 2% (w/v). NF-hydrogel at 2% (w/v) concentration exhibited a sustained and slow-release of RANKL protein up to 48 h. Secondary and tertiary structure analyses confirmed no changes to the RANKL protein released from NF-hydrogel in comparison to native RANKL. The results of NFATc1 gene mRNA expression and TRAP activities of osteoclast, showed that the release process did not affect the bioactivity of released RANKL. Conclusions: This novel study is the first of its kind to attempt in vitro characterization of NF-hydrogel based delivery of RANKL protein to induce osteoclastogenesis. We have shown the self-assembling NF-hydrogel peptide system is amenable to the sustained and controlled release of RANKL locally; that could in turn increase local concentration of RANKL to induce osteoclastogenesis, for application to the controlled mobilization of tooth movement in orthodontic procedures. DA - 2016/12/07 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c9263a2b-d5d7-4830-97c8-232f9f812ba0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantum transport in gated dangling-bond atomic wires DO - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04125 AU - Bohloul, S. AU - Shi, Q. AU - Wolkow, Robert A. AU - Guo, Hong T2 - Nano Letters SN - 1530-6984 SN - 1530-6992 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 322 EP - 327 KW - atomic scale switch KW - dangling bond nanowires KW - interconnects KW - quantum transport AB - A single line of dangling bonds (DBs) on Si(100)-2 × 1:H surface forms a perfect metallic atomic-wire. In this work, we investigate quantum transport properties of such dangling bond wires (DBWs) by a state-of-the-art first-principles technique. It is found that the conductance of the DBW can be gated by electrostatic potential and orbital overlap due to only a single DB center (DBC) within a distance of ∼16 Å from the DBW. The gating effect is more pronounced for two DBCs and especially, when these two DB “gates” are within ∼3.9 Å from each other. These effective length scales are in excellent agreement with those measured in scanning tunnelling microscope experiments. By analyzing transmission spectrum and density of states of DBC–DBW systems, with or without subsurface doping, for different length of the DBW, distance between DBCs and the DBW, and distance between DB gates, we conclude that charge transport in a DBW can be regulated to have both an on-state and an off-state using only one or two DBs. DA - 2016/12/05 PY - 2016 PB - American Chemical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a23f6f09-d7bd-4312-ad4d-4b1ba32e3fd0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantification and simultaneous evaluation of the bioactivity of antibody produced in CHO cell culture: the use of the ectodomain of FcγRI and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor DO - 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.017 AU - Dorion-Thibaudeau, July AU - Durocher, Yves AU - De crescenzo, Gregory T2 - Molecular Immunology SN - 0161-5890 VL - 82 SP - 46 EP - 49 KW - FcγR KW - monoclonal antibody KW - surface plasmon resonance (SPR) KW - bioprocess monitoring AB - A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assay has been developed in order to quantify the monoclonal antibody (Mab) Trastuzumab within the supernatant of a mammalian cell culture using the ectodomain of FcγRI (CD64) and confirm Mab bioactivity, i.e. binding to its antigen Her2, in a single biosensing experiment. Under partial mass transport limitation, we were able to quantify Mab present in unpurified samples taken throughout the cell culture. While Mab capture on the biosensor surface confirmed the ability of its Fc region to bind to FcγRI, the binding activity of its Fab region was also tested by injecting increasing concentrations of the Mab antigen (Her2). The kinetics of the interactions we recorded from 48 h post transfection until the end of the culture, were superimposable, which highly suggested that the quality attributes of the antibody were conserved throughout the process. This SPR methodology is thus of great interest for atline quality control analysis during Mab production campaign. DA - 2016/12/21 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b3c70ccd-7db0-4f77-81ae-3b02ecd9a333 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probing oligomerization of amyloid beta peptide in silico DO - 10.1039/C6MB00441E AU - Dorosh, L. AU - Stepanova, M. T2 - Molecular BioSystems SN - 1742-206X SN - 1742-2051 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 165 EP - 182 AB - Aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is implicated in fatal Alzheimer's disease, for which no cure is available. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for this aggregation is required in order for therapies to be developed. In an effort to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in spontaneous aggregation of Aβ peptide, extensive molecular dynamics simulations are reported, and the results are analyzed through a combination of structural biology tools and a novel essential collective dynamics method. Several model systems composed of ten or twelve Aβ17–42 chains in water are investigated, and the influence of metal ions is probed. The results suggest that Aβ monomers tend to aggregate into stable globular-like oligomers with 13–23% of β-sheet content. Two stages of oligomer formation have been identified: quick collapse within the first 40 ns of the simulation, characterized by a decrease in inter-chain separation and build-up of β-sheets, and the subsequent slow relaxation of the oligomer structure. The resulting oligomers comprise a stable, coherently moving sub-aggregate of 6–9 strongly inter-correlated chains. Cu2+ and Fe2+ ions have been found to develop coordination bonds with carboxylate groups of E22, D23 and A42, which remain stable during 200 ns simulations. The presence of Fe2+, and particularly Cu2+ ions, in negatively charged cavities has been found to cause significant changes in the structure and dynamics of the oligomers. The results indicate, in particular, that formation of non-fibrillar oligomers might be involved in early template-free aggregation of Aβ17–42 monomers, with charged species such as Cu2+ or Fe2+ ions playing an important role. DA - 2016/11/04 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c34e483c-0d76-43e4-87b3-910e47a2d26f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Peptide-based fluorescence biosensors for detection/measurement of nanoparticles DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-0042-7 AU - Akinloye, Oluyemi AU - Krishnamurthy, Ramanarayan AU - Wishart, David AU - Goss, Greg G. T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 409 IS - 4 SP - 903 EP - 915 KW - nanoparticles KW - peptide KW - fluorescein KW - biosensor KW - detection KW - measurement AB - The ability to detect and quantify nanoparticles is essential but there is currently no simple, sensitive, and rapid method for the detection of nanomaterials. We have developed a novel peptide-based fluorescence-based biosensor for detection and measurement of negatively charged engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). A peptide biosensor (seven lysine residues linked to a cysteine through a three glycine residue linker) with attached fluorescent probes—fluorescein-5-maleimide (F5M) and tetramethylrhodamine-5-maleimide (TMR5M)—was constructed. The fluorescent probes allow close monitoring of the molecular interaction of the labeled peptide with ENPs. The ENP–peptide interaction induces the formation of agglomerates that can be detected and measured by changes in the fluorescence intensities of the labeled peptides or/and by differential light scattering. The relative fluorescence intensities of F5M and TMR5M decreased in a concentration-dependent manner on interaction with various types of negatively charged ENPs (ZnO, Fe3O4, CeO, and single-walled carbon nanotubes). Differential light scattering measurements also showed increases in the hydrodynamic size of the complex. The interactions were not affected by the pH of aqueous media, where humic acid (1 μg/mL) quenched the fluorescence intensity of F5M by approximately 25 %, whereas that of TMR5M was completely quenched. Interference by humic acid at lower concentrations was less prevalent. This novel method is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive in situ assay that shows promise as a primary-level testing technique for detection of ENPs in environmental samples. DA - 2016/11/30 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f164d529-7b4c-4b4b-a68d-96775743a503 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On decay constants and orbital distance to the Sun. Part II: beta minus decay DO - 10.1088/1681-7575/54/1/19 AU - Pommé, S. AU - Stroh, H. AU - Paepen, J. AU - Van Ammel, R. AU - Marouli, M. AU - Altzitzoglou, T. AU - Hult, M. AU - Kossert, K. AU - Nähle, O. AU - Schrader, H. AU - Juget, F. AU - Bailat, C. AU - Nedjadi, Y. AU - Bochud, F. AU - Buchillier, T. AU - Michotte, C. AU - Courte, S. AU - Van Rooy, M. W. AU - Van Staden, M. J. AU - Lubbe, J. AU - Simpson, B. R. S. AU - Fazio, A. AU - De Felice, P. AU - Jackson, T. W. AU - Van Wyngaardt, W. M. AU - Reinhard, M. I. AU - Golya, J. AU - Bourke, S. AU - Roy, T. AU - Galea, R AU - Keightley, J. D. AU - Ferreira, K. M. AU - Collins, S. M. AU - Ceccatelli, A. AU - Verheyen, L. AU - Bruggeman, M. AU - Vodenik, B. AU - Korun, M. AU - Chisté, V. AU - Amiot, M.-N. T2 - Metrologia SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 35 KW - half-life KW - decay constant KW - non-exponential decay KW - radioactivity KW - Sun KW - neutrino AB - Claims that proximity to the Sun causes variations of decay constants at the permille level have been investigated for beta-minus decaying nuclides. Repeated activity measurements of 3H, 14C, 60Co, 85Kr, 90Sr, 124Sb, 134Cs, 137Cs, and 154Eu sources were performed over periods of 259 d up to 5 decades at various nuclear metrology institutes. Residuals from the exponential decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ in amplitude and phase from one data set to another and appear attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the Sun could not be observed within 10−4–10−5 range precision. The most stable activity measurements of β − decaying sources set an upper limit of 0.003%–0.007% to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. There are no apparent indications for systematic oscillations at a level of weeks or months. DA - 2016/11/28 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8cb2603b-10c6-47c8-92f9-66551302fb81 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Observational signatures of a massive distant planet on the scattering disk DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/33 AU - Lawler, S. M. AU - Shankman, C. AU - Kaib, N. AU - Bannister, M. T. AU - Gladman, B. AU - Kavelaars, J. J. T2 - The Astronomical Journal SN - 0004-6256 SN - 1538-3881 VL - 153 IS - 1 SP - 33 AB - The orbital element distribution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with large pericenters has been suggested to be influenced by the presence of an undetected, large planet at >200 au from the Sun. To find additional observables caused by this scenario, we present here the first detailed emplacement simulation in the presence of a massive ninth planet on the distant Kuiper Belt. We perform 4 Gyr N-body simulations with the currently known solar system planetary architecture, plus a 10 M⊕ planet with similar orbital parameters to those suggested by Trujillo & Sheppard or Batygin & Brown, and 105 test particles in an initial planetesimal disk. We find that including a distant super-Earth-mass planet produces a substantially different orbital distribution for the scattering and detached TNOs, raising the pericenters and inclinations of moderate semimajor axis (50 < a < 500 au) objects. We test whether this signature is detectable via a simulator with the observational characteristics of four precisely characterized TNO surveys. We find that the qualitatively very distinct solar system models that include a ninth planet are essentially observationally indistinguishable from an outer solar system produced solely by the four giant planets. We also find that the mass of the Kuiper Belt's current scattering and detached populations is required to be 3–10 times larger in the presence of an additional planet. We do not find any evidence for clustering of orbital angles in our simulated TNO population. Wide-field, deep surveys targeting inclined high-pericenter objects will be required to distinguish between these different scenarios. DA - 2016/12/29 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ec75598e-eacf-45f0-bfa4-1c21afabec30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel modeling and dynamic simulation of magnetic tunnel junctions for spintronic sensor development DO - 10.1088/1361-6463/50/2/025005 AU - Ji, Yu AU - Liu, Jie AU - Yang, Chunsheng T2 - Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics SN - 0022-3727 SN - 1361-6463 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 025005 AB - Spintronic magnetic sensors with the integration of magnetic materials and microstructures have been enabling people to make use of the electron spin and charge properties in many applications. The high demand for such sensors has in turn spurred the technology developments in both novel materials and their atomic-level controls. Few works, however, have been carried out and reported thus far in modeling and simulation of these spintronic magnetic sensing units based on magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) technology. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel modeling approach as well as an iterative simulation methodology for MTJs. A more comprehensive electrical tunneling model is established for better interpreting the conductance and current generated by the electron tunneling, and this model can also facilitate the iterative simulation of the micromagnetic dynamics. Given the improved tunneling model as well as the updated dynamic simulation, the electric characteristics of an MTJ with an external magnetic field can be conveniently computed, which provides a reliable benchmark for the future development of novel spintronic magnetic sensors. DA - 2016/12/02 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 744fb13a-0ba2-4d7e-bcff-1d552bf147df ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanostructured manganese oxide and manganese oxide/polyethylenedioxythiophene rods electrodeposited onto nickel foam for supercapacitor applications DO - 10.1007/s10800-016-1015-4 AU - Clark, Michael P. AU - Qu, Wei AU - Ivey, Douglas G. T2 - Journal of Applied Electrochemistry SN - 0021-891X SN - 1572-8838 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 49 KW - manganese oxide KW - PEDOT KW - nickel foam KW - electrodeposition KW - supercapacitors AB - A template-free anodic electrodeposition process was utilized to deposit Mn oxide and Mn oxide/PEDOT rods onto Ni foam substrates for use as supercapacitor electrodes. Deposit morphology was optimized by varying deposition conditions and by characterization using electron microscopy. The deposits were poorly crystalline, and electron diffraction patterns could be indexed to either a cubic spinel structure (Mn3O4) or a hexagonal birnessite structure (MnO2). The deposits had an overall oxidation state of Mn3+ before cycling and Mn4+ after 500 cycles. The maximum capacitance values for deposits with and without PEDOT were 159 and 120 F g−1 (500 and 290 mF cm−2), respectively, measured using CV at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. The addition of the PEDOT coating reduced Mn oxide dissolution during cycling up to 500 cycles. Uncoated samples showed an increase in capacitance during cycling, which is attributed to the oxidation state change and the redeposition of Mn oxide in areas of high conductivity. Capacitance retentions after 2000 cycles were 46 and 120 % for deposits with and without PEDOT, respectively. DA - 2016/10/12 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 888a34ab-b205-46ab-80d4-1dcd295e6204 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NanoRelease: pilot interlaboratory comparison of a weathering protocol applied to resilient and labile polymers with and without embedded carbon nanotubes DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.011 AU - Wohlleben, Wendel AU - Kingston, Christopher AU - Carter, Janet AU - Sahle-Demessie, E. AU - Vázquez-Campos, Socorro AU - Acrey, Brad AU - Chen, Chia-Ying AU - Walton, Ernest AU - Egenolf, Heiko AU - Müller, Philipp AU - Zepp, Richard T2 - Carbon SN - 0008-6223 VL - 113 SP - 346 EP - 360 AB - A major use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is as functional fillers embedded in a solid matrix, such as plastics or coatings. Weathering and abrasion of the solid matrix during use can lead to environmental releases of the MWCNTs. Here we focus on a protocol to identify and quantify the primary release induced by weathering, and assess reproducibility, transferability, and sensitivity towards different materials and uses. We prepared 132 specimens of two polymer-MWCNT composites containing the same grade of MWCNTs used in earlier OECD hazard assessments but without UV stabilizer. We report on a pilot inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) with four labs (two US and two EU) aging by UV and rain, then shipping for analysis. Two labs (one US and one EU) conducted the release sampling and analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AF4). We compare results between aging labs, between analysis labs and between materials. Surprisingly, we found quantitative agreement between analysis labs for TEM, ICP-MS, UV–Vis; low variation between aging labs by all methods; and consistent rankings of release between TEM, ICP-MS, UV–Vis, AUC. Significant disagreement was related primarily to differences in aging, but even these cases remained within a factor of two. DA - 2016/11/07 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 12dd7e4b-9c5a-4d7d-ad56-84b1631412a6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanocavity optomechanical torque magnetometry and radiofrequency susceptometry DO - 10.1038/nnano.2016.226 AU - Wu, Marcelo AU - Wu, Nathanael L.-Y. AU - Firdous, Tayyaba AU - Fani Sani, Fatemeh AU - Losby, Joseph E. AU - Freeman, Mark R. AU - Barclay, Paul E. T2 - Nature Nanotechnology SN - 1748-3387 SN - 1748-3395 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 127 EP - 131 AB - Nanophotonic optomechanical devices allow the observation of nanoscale vibrations with a sensitivity that has dramatically advanced the metrology of nanomechanical structures and has the potential to impact studies of nanoscale physical systems in a similar manner. Here we demonstrate this potential with a nanophotonic optomechanical torque magnetometer and radiofrequency (RF) magnetic susceptometer. Exquisite readout sensitivity provided by a nanocavity integrated within a torsional nanomechanical resonator enables observations of the unique net magnetization and RF-driven responses of single mesoscopic magnetic structures in ambient conditions. The magnetic moment resolution is sufficient for the observation of Barkhausen steps in the magnetic hysteresis of a lithographically patterned permalloy island. In addition, significantly enhanced RF susceptibility is found over narrow field ranges and attributed to thermally assisted driven hopping of a magnetic vortex core between neighbouring pinning sites. The on-chip magnetosusceptometer scheme offers a promising path to powerful integrated cavity optomechanical devices for the quantitative characterization of magnetic micro- and nanosystems in science and technology. DA - 2016/10/31 PY - 2016 PB - Nature Publishing Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 78c6c9ba-31bd-400f-b22b-ad56fc9b2426 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multinuclear magnetic resonance tracking of hydro, thermal, and hydrothermal decomposition of CH3NH3PbI3 DO - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10865 AU - Askar, Abdelrahman M. AU - Bernard, Guy M. AU - Wiltshire, Benjamin AU - Shankar, Karthik AU - Michaelis, Vladimir K. T2 - The Journal of Physical Chemistry C SN - 1932-7447 SN - 1932-7455 VL - 121 IS - 2 SP - 1013 EP - 1024 AB - An NMR investigation of methylammonium lead iodide, the leading member of the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite class of materials, and of its putative decomposition products as a result of exposure to heat and humidity, has been undertaken. We show that the 207Pb NMR spectra of the compound of interest and of the proposed lead-containing decomposition products, CH3NH3PbI3·H2O, (CH3NH3)4PbI6·2H2O, and PbI2, have distinctive chemical shifts spanning over 1400 ppm, making 207Pb NMR an ideal tool for investigating this material; further information may be gained from 13C and 1H NMR spectra. As reported in many investigations of CH3NH3PbI3 on films, the bulk material hydrates in the presence of high relative humidity (approximately 80%), yielding the monohydrated perovskite CH3NH3PbI3·H2O. This reaction is reversible by heating the sample to 341 K. We show that neither (CH3NH3)4PbI6·2H2O nor PbI2 is observed as a decomposition product and that, in contrast to many studies on CH3NH3PbI3 films, the bulk material does not decompose or degrade beyond CH3NH3PbI3·H2O upon prolonged exposure to humidity at ambient temperature. However, exposing CH3NH3PbI3 concurrently to heat and humidity, or directly exposing it to liquid water, leads to the irreversible formation of PbI2. In spite of its absence among the decomposition products, the response of (CH3NH3)4PbI6·2H2O to heat was also investigated. It is stable at temperatures below 336 K but then rapidly dehydrates, first to CH3NH3PbI3·H2O and then to CH3NH3PbI3. The higher stability of the bulk material as reported here is a promising advance, since stability is a major concern in the development of commercial applications for this material. DA - 2016/12/15 PY - 2016 PB - American Chemical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 30aa399f-c34a-40b3-9b7c-a79738437bb2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular sensors confined on SiOx substrates DO - 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.09.015 AU - Singh, Vikram AU - Mondal, Prakash Chandra AU - Singh, Alok Kumar AU - Zharnikov, Michael T2 - Coordination Chemistry Reviews SN - 0010-8545 VL - 330 SP - 144 EP - 163 AB - The sensing of ions, ion-pairs, gases, toxic materials, biomolecules, and explosives represents an important issue of high practical relevance. Consequently, significant efforts are currently underway to develop sufficiently reliable and sensitive and yet possibly simple methods for this purpose. In this context, molecular sensing is particularly important, presenting itself as a useful tool for alleviating global security concerns, tackling environmental issues, and contributing to biomedical analysis and other associated areas. Innovatively designed molecules and metallo-organic moieties having a specifically tailored receptor site, a clearly defined reporter group, and a signal processing unit are the basic components of a working molecular sensor. However, solution-based molecular sensors, although of great standing, suffer frequently from relatively long response time as well as from poor solubility and recyclability of the sensing material. In contrast, surface-confined sensors permit easier manoeuvrability in different media and are characterized by a shorter response time, better signal amplification, as well as by regeneration and recyclability of the sensor through chemical or physical post-treatments. Additionally, depending on the structural, redox, or optical behavior of the analyte and the sensing material, a suitable transduction technique or a combination of several such techniques may be employed for analyzing surface attributes and studying analyte-host interaction. In this regard, SiOx substrates and molecular assembles thereon offer distinct advantages over other common supports such as metals, polymers, membranes, etc. in terms of cost, durability, stability, and scope. In this context, this review deals with the most recent developments in design and fabrication of molecular sensors confined on SiOx substrates. Here we provide representative and relevant examples of molecular sensors on these substrates, arranged with respect to the entities under analysis, viz. ions, specific gases, biomolecules, explosives, and warfare agents, paying also some attention to the general aspects of such sensor design. DA - 2016/09/28 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2986bbc0-af6d-49b6-ac6d-c6e442b1758b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling and influencing human behaviour in fire DO - 10.1002/fam.2391 AU - Gwynne, S. M. V. AU - Kuligowski, E. D. AU - Kinsey, M. J. AU - Hulse, L. M. T2 - Fire and Materials SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 41 IS - 5 SP - 412 EP - 430 AB - The purpose of this article is to present a conceptual model of human behaviour in fire and its impact on egress modelling, life safety analyses and evacuation procedures. This model is based on a theoretical framework of individual decision‐making and response to emergencies. From this foundation, the conceptual model is populated with behavioural statements or mini‐theories distilled from articles and authoritative reports describing emergency incidents, observations from within the field of evacuation analysis and studies of human behaviour in fire and other emergencies. The conceptual model is intended to guide the egress tool developer, user and practitioner to better account for human behaviour in their respective roles. It is contended that a more credible representation of the evacuee response, that incorporates the behavioural statements described, provides both theoretical and practical advantages. DA - 2016/10/10 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : df970c69-e434-45b1-9d0b-d195d5c24084 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mixed gas sorption in glassy polymeric membranes. III. CO2/CH4 mixtures in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1): effect of temperature DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.053 AU - Gemeda, Aweke Elias AU - De Angelis, Maria Grazia AU - Du, Naiying AU - Li, Nanwen AU - Guiver, Michael D. AU - Sarti, Giulio C. T2 - Journal of Membrane Science SN - 0376-7388 VL - 524 SP - 746 EP - 757 KW - PIM KW - sorption KW - CO2/CH4 separation KW - solubility selectivity KW - heat of sorption KW - temperature effect AB - We have explored the effect of temperature on the mixed gas CO2/CH4 sorption in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) in the range between 25 and 50 °C. The new data obtained in this work at 25 and 50 °C were combined with previously published data obtained at 35 °C, to determine the temperature-dependence of mixed gas solubility and solubility-selectivity, a type of information that has not been obtained before in the literature. The data were collected at different total pressures and gas mixture compositions using a pressure decay − gas chromatographic device. The data collected indicate that the sorption of such mixture in PIM-1 is dominated by competition, whose major effect is to reduce the solubility of gases with respect to the pure gas value at same fugacity. The competitive phenomena follow a generalized trend that is not dependent on total gas pressure, composition and gas type but is only a function of the second gas concentration in the polymer and temperature. In particular the competition, expressed as reduction of gas solubility with respect to pure gas value, decreases with the concentration of the second gas, and increases with increasing temperature. Such effects are generally favourable to separation, with positive deviations of the CO2/CH4 solubility-selectivity from ideal values calculated from pure gas solubility, by factors as high as 4. As a rule of thumb, observed at all temperatures and similarly to other glassy polymers, the real solubility-selectivity deviates positively from ideal value calculated from pure gas behaviour if the molar content of CO2 in the membrane is higher than that of methane, which is usually the case, unless low CO2 gas fractions are considered. A new type of generalized plot, reporting departures of multicomponent properties from the corresponding pure gas values, has been traced for this system and indicates that solubility selectivity departure is univocally correlated to CH4 solubility departure, independent of the operative conditions (pressure, composition, temperature) explored during the experiments. DA - 2016/11/22 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 20dd841f-2b05-4f85-874d-1097b4aeefa8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linear friction welding of IN718 to Ti6Al4V DO - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.879.2072 AU - Wanjara, Priti AU - Gholipour, Javad AU - Watanabe, Kosuke AU - Nezaki, Koji AU - Tian, Y. AU - Brochu, M. T2 - Materials Science Forum SN - 1662-9752 VL - 879 SP - 2072 EP - 2077 AB - Linear friction welding (LFW), an emerging automated technology, has potential for solid-state joining of dissimilar materials (bi-metals) to enable tailoring of the mechanical performance, whilst limiting the assembly weight for increased fuel efficiency. However, bi-metallic welds are quite difficult to manufacture, especially when the material combinations can lead to the formation of intermetallic (brittle) phases at the interface, such as the case with assembly of Ti base alloys with Ni base superalloys. The intermetallic phase, once formed, lowers the performance of the as-manufactured properties and its growth during elevated temperature service can lead to unreliable performance. In this project, it was demonstrated that linear friction welding can be applied to join Ti-6%Al-4%V (workhorse Ti alloy) to INCONEL® 718 (workhorse Ni-base superalloy) with minimized interaction at the interface. Of particular merit is that no intermediate layer (between the Ti alloy and Ni-base superalloy) was needed for bonding. Characterization of the bi-metallic weld included macro-and microstructural examination of the flash and interface regions and evaluation of the hardness. DA - 2016/11 PY - 2016 PB - Trans Tech Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 246e3356-635e-446f-b7bd-fef39ca8610d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Laser reduced graphene for supercapacitor applications DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.10.108 AU - Yang, Dongfang AU - Bock, Christina T2 - Journal of Power Sources SN - 0378-7753 VL - 337 SP - 73 EP - 81 KW - electrochemical capacitor KW - supercapacitor KW - ultracapacitor KW - laser reduction KW - graphene KW - graphite oxide AB - Graphene was prepared by excimer laser irradiation reduction of graphite oxide dissolved in an aqueous solution at different laser energies and irradiation time. The morphologies and structure of the laser reduced graphene were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, low angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The XRD results confirm that the deoxygenation of the graphite oxide sheets occurred almost completely for all laser irradiation conditions used. The graphene fabricated by laser irradiation reduction appears to be randomly aggregated, crumpled, disordered and small sheet solid material. The total amount of oxygen functional groups reduced significantly and the CC/CO intensity ratio increased, however, the atomic percentages of the CO double bond were increased after laser reduction. The laser reduced graphene was used as the electrode active material for supercapacitors and its specific capacitance was evaluated in a two electrode cell in either a 0.5 M Na2SO4 aqueous or a 1 M Tetraethylammoniumtetrafluoroborate acetonitrile based electrolyte. The specific capacitance of the laser fabricated graphene was found to depend on the energy and irradiation time of the laser. The highest specific capacitance was determined to be 141 F/g at 1.04 A/g and 84 F/g at 1.46 A/g in the aqueous and ACN electrolytes, respectively. DA - 2016/11/09 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0a69f694-b42e-4f8e-b73b-b32221b0fe6c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation of attosecond pulses from the attosecond lighthouse DO - 10.1088/1361-6455/50/1/014006 AU - Hammond, Tj AU - Balogh, Emeric AU - Kim, Kyung Taec T2 - Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics SN - 0953-4075 SN - 1361-6455 VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 014006 AB - This paper proposes and verifies methods to improve the isolation of the attosecond pulses generated via the attosecond lighthouse technique in gases. We find that the converging fundamental field can compensate for the inherent diverging wavefront of the attosecond pulses, but is only valid over a limited portion of the spectrum and sacrifices the maximum attainable photon energy. We discuss two methods of manipulating the fundamental field to control the divergence of the attosecond pulses: the first method uses a perturbing beam that manipulates the wavefront, and the second method controls the fundamental dispersion. These methods improve the isolation of the attosecond pulses up to the cutoff photon energy.t DA - 2016/12/16 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 64dce927-ef97-4a23-ac06-d9e03e64ef25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigating Triticeae anther gene promoter activity in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon DO - 10.1007/s00425-016-2612-5 AU - Zaidi, Mohsin A. AU - O’leary, Stephen J. B. AU - Wu, Shaobo AU - Chabot, Denise AU - Gleddie, Steve AU - Laroche, André AU - Eudes, François AU - Robert, Laurian S. T2 - Planta SN - 0032-0935 SN - 1432-2048 VL - 245 IS - 2 SP - 385 EP - 396 KW - green fluorescent protein KW - pollen KW - promoter analysis KW - tapetum KW - triticale KW - wheat AB - In this report, we demonstrate that Brachypodium distachyon could serve as a relatively high throughput in planta functional assay system for Triticeae anther-specific gene promoters. There remains a vast gap in our knowledge of the promoter cis-acting elements responsible for the transcriptional regulation of Triticeae anther-specific genes. In an attempt to identify conserved cis-elements, 14 pollen-specific and 8 tapetum-specific Triticeae putative promoter sequences were analyzed using different promoter sequence analysis tools. Several cis-elements were found to be enriched in these sequences and their possible role in gene expression regulation in the anther is discussed. Despite the fact that potential cis-acting elements can be identified within putative promoter sequence datasets, determining whether particular promoter sequences can in fact direct proper tissue-specific and developmental gene expression still needs to be confirmed via functional assays preferably performed in closely related plants. Transgenic functional assays with Triticeae species remain challenging and Brachypodium distachyon may represent a suitable alternative. The promoters of the triticale pollen-specific genes group 3 pollen allergen (PAL3) and group 4 pollen allergen (PAL4), as well as the tapetum-specific genes chalcone synthase-like 1 (CHSL1), from wheat and cysteine-rich protein 1 (CRP1) from triticale were fused to the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) and analyzed in transgenic Brachypodium. This report demonstrates that this model species could serve to accelerate the functional analysis of Triticeae anther-specific gene promoters. DA - 2016/10/27 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 236634cb-1c9f-476f-b39b-9d1f98ef05e2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interactions between cellulose nanocrystals and anionic and neutral polymers in aqueous solutions DO - 10.1007/s10570-016-1096-6 AU - Oguzlu, Hale AU - Boluk, Yaman T2 - Cellulose SN - 0969-0239 SN - 1572-882X VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 131 EP - 146 KW - depletion KW - adsorption KW - polymer KW - cellulose nanocystals AB - Physical structures of aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions in anionic polyelectrolyte carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and non-ionic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were investigated by studying their cross polarized, polarized optical microscope (POM) images and dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, 1H spin–lattice relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. The presence of anionic CMC and nonionic PEO in CNC suspensions led to two different kind of interactions. Semi-dilute CNC suspensions showed first gel-like behavior then phase separation by adding only semi-dilute un-entangled CMC polymer solutions, whereas the addition of PEO didn’t cause any significant change. POM images showed the phase transitions of CNC suspensions in the presence of CMC solutions from the isotropic state to nematic and chiral nematic phases. Dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and 1H spin–lattice relaxation NMR data presented further arguments to explain polymer-CNC interactions in CMC and PEO solutions. 1H NMR solvent relaxation technique determined the adsorption and depletion interactions between polymers and CNC. The minima in spin–spin specific relaxation rate constant showed the depletion of CNC nanoparticles in CMC. It is believed that the depletion flocculation was the case for the effects of CMC polymer chains in CNC suspensions. PEO was adsorbed on CNC surfaces and caused only weak depletion interactions due to the presence of soft particles. DA - 2016/10/24 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5a2e96e8-331c-496d-9a91-c1500c8f3538 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Indentation modeling study of temperature-dependent fracture toughness of brittle coating on ductile substrate based on microcrack formation theory DO - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.016 AU - Gu, Yichen AU - Chen, Kuiying AU - Liu, Rong AU - Yao, Matthew X. AU - Collier, Rachel T2 - Surface and Coatings Technology SN - 0257-8972 VL - 309 SP - 536 EP - 544 KW - brittle coating KW - ductile substrate KW - microcrack formation KW - indentation KW - temperature AB - A temperature-dependent fracture toughness model for brittle coating/ductile substrate systems under indentation is proposed based on microcrack formation theory. Numerous microcracks are generated from each corner of indentation impression and merge together to form radial cracks due to the tension of residual stresses in the coating/substrate system during the unloading period. The fracture toughness of the coating/substrate systems is determined such that the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) is used to measure the total growth of a microcrack in tensile direction and the dislocation movement is associated with the crack propagation. The temperature effect is modeled in terms of the Arrhenius-type equation and rate controlling theory. Both the basic indentation pressure and composite hardness approaches are used to obtain the model parameters but the latter provides more reasonable results. The WC-10Co4Cr coating/1018 steel substrate system, prepared via high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying, is analyzed using this model and the obtained fracture toughness shows increasing with temperature in a nonlinear manner. DA - 2016/12/06 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1aa7251a-c833-48fe-a390-070686356cc4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High harmonic generation in solids: electronic motion and band structures revealed DO - 10.1109/IPCon.2016.7831170 AU - Hammond, T. J. AU - Vampa, Giulio AU - Corkum, Paul T2 - 2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) T3 - 2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), 2-6 October, 2016, Waikoloa, HI, USA SN - 978-1-5090-1906-9 SP - 443 EP - 444 AB - We probe the high harmonics generated in condensed matter by a mid-infrared laser to determine that they result from the coherent recollision of electrons with their holes. The crystal band structure determines the electron-hole trajectories and allows us to reconstruct the bands of interest. DA - 2016/10 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7d3fd1eb-1156-44a6-ab35-a19d744fe7c1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guidelines for the nonlinear finite element analysis of hull response to moving loads on ships and offshore structures DO - 10.1080/17445302.2016.1261391 AU - Quinton, Bruce W.T. AU - Daley, Claude G. AU - Gagnon, Robert E. AU - Colbourne, D. Bruce T2 - Ships and Offshore Structures SN - 1744-5302 SN - 1754-212X VL - 12 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - S109 EP - S114 KW - moving load KW - ice load KW - nonlinear finite element analysis KW - accidental overload KW - sliding load KW - extreme hull load AB - The structural hull response of a ship or offshore structure to moving (or sliding) loads has been shown to be significantly different than that of stationary loads of the same magnitude; when those loads cause plastic damage. A standard hull grillage structure's capacity to resist a moving load may be as little as half its capacity to resist a similar stationary load. Real hull structures most often experience operational loads in a way better modelled as moving loads; particularly for the case of operational ice loads. Many accidental loads are also moving loads. This paper provides guidelines for the nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) of moving loads on hull structures, where the moving load is not expected to induce hull puncture or subsequent tearing of the hull plating. DA - 2016/11/30 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c451c2d1-1e3b-4c47-aca5-4028202f953e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feasibility of high frequency guided wave crack monitoring DO - 10.1177/1475921716673567 AU - Travaglini, Christophe AU - Bescond, Christophe AU - Viens, Martin AU - Belanger, Pierre T2 - Structural Health Monitoring SN - 1475-9217 SN - 1741-3168 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 418 EP - 427 KW - crack monitoring KW - guided waves KW - high frequency KW - lamb waves KW - ultrasonic waves AB - Ultrasonic guided waves are particularly interesting for SHM applications because they have the ability to propagate long distances with minimal attenuation. Using the baseline subtraction approach, the signal from a defect free structure is subtracted from the actual monitoring signal to detect and characterize defects. Low frequency guided wave SHM and the interaction of the fundamental guided wave modes with various types of defect are well documented in the literature. There are, however, only a very limited number of studies on high order modes. High frequency guided waves may enable the detection of smaller cracks relative to conventional low frequency guided wave SHM. The main difficulty at high frequency is the existence of several modes with different velocities. This study investigates the scattering of high frequency Lamb waves around a through-thickness hole with a view to developing a highly sensitive SHM system for safety-critical components. A 3D finite element model of a 305 × 305 × 1.6 mm aluminum plate was used to determine the scattered field generated by cracks on the circumference of a through-thickness hole in the middle of the plate. Crack properties such as orientation, length and depth were studied. A subset of the finite element simulations were validated against experimental results. The experimental setup comprised a classic contact piezoelectric transducer bonded on the side of the plate and a laser interferometer detector. DA - 2016/11/16 PY - 2016 PB - SAGE Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 416f7e7f-d56d-431f-95b7-627d71b06974 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exhaust ventilation in attached garages improves residential indoor air quality DO - 10.1111/ina.12321 AU - Mallach, G. AU - St-Jean, M. AU - Macneill, M. AU - Aubin, D. AU - Wallace, L. AU - Shin, T. AU - Van Ryswyk, K. AU - Kulka, R. AU - You, H. AU - Fugler, D. AU - Lavigne, E. AU - Wheeler, A. J. T2 - Indoor Air SN - 0905-6947 SN - 1600-0668 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 487 EP - 499 KW - attached garages KW - BTEX KW - indoor air quality KW - infiltration KW - mechanical ventilation KW - residential intervention AB - Previous research has shown that indoor benzene levels in homes with attached garages are higher than homes without attached garages. Exhaust ventilation in attached garages is one possible intervention to reduce these concentrations. To evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention, a randomized crossover study was conducted in 33 Ottawa homes in winter 2014. VOCs including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and air exchange rates were measured over four 48‐hour periods when a garage exhaust fan was turned on or off. A blower door test conducted in each garage was used to determine the required exhaust fan flow rate to provide a depressurization of 5 Pa in each garage relative to the home. When corrected for ambient concentrations, the fan decreased geometric mean indoor benzene concentrations from 1.04 to 0.40 μg/m3, or by 62% (P<.05). The garage exhaust fan also significantly reduced outdoor‐corrected geometric mean indoor concentrations of other pollutants, including toluene (53%), ethylbenzene (47%), m,p‐xylene (45%), o‐xylene (43%), and carbon monoxide (23%) (P<.05) while having no impact on the home air exchange rate. This study provides evidence that mechanical exhaust ventilation in attached garages can reduce indoor concentrations of pollutants originating from within attached garages. DA - 2016/07/22 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 14a88bca-beea-4b56-b36a-ee1295ef2816 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Examining the influence of humidity on reference ionization chamber performance DO - 10.1002/mp.12057 AU - Mcewen, Malcolm R. AU - Taank, Jaswinder T2 - Medical Physics SN - 0094-2405 SN - 2473-4209 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 694 EP - 702 AB - International dosimetry protocols require measurements made with a vented ionization chamber to be corrected for the influence of air density by using the standard temperature‐pressure correction factor. The effect of humidity, on the other hand, is generally ignored with the provision that the relative humidity (RH) is within certain limits (typically 20% to 80%). However, there is little experimental data in the published literature as to the true effect of humidity on modern reference‐class ionization chambers. This investigation used two different radiation beams – a Co‐60 irradiator and an Sr‐90 check source – to examine the effect of humidity on several Farmer‐type ionization chambers. DA - 2016/12/10 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f0224abc-5031-4fe5-850b-2d608a82c732 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of protein separation mechanism and pore size distribution in colloidal self-assembled nanoparticle sieves for on-chip protein sizing DO - 10.1002/elps.201600339 AU - Azim, Mohammad AU - Malekpourkoupaei, Ali AU - Ye, Wenmin AU - Jemere, Abebaw B. AU - Harrison, D. Jed T2 - ELECTROPHORESIS SN - 0173-0835 SN - 1522-2683 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 342 EP - 349 KW - colloidal self assembly KW - microfluidics KW - nanofluidics KW - nanoporous media KW - protein separation AB - The separation behavior of 6.5–66 kDa proteins in silica particle array‐based sieves formed by colloidal self‐assembly in microchips is reported across a pore size range of 22–103 nm. The protein separation and resolution improves markedly with decreasing pore size. The variation of electrophoretic mobility with molecular weight of SDS–protein complexes and with particle size was evaluated using the Ogston sieving equation for a random pore gel structure, and using the modified Giddings equation developed by Wirth for uniform pore structures. The Wirth/Giddings equation provides the best fit for estimation of molecular weight of proteins, and demonstrates that even though experimental evidence shows there is some dispersion in measured pore sizes, these structures can best be described as having a uniform pore size. DA - 2016/10/31 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ea801444-d433-4189-ab04-8f770a542b6a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Engineered graphene materials: synthesis and applications for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells DO - 10.1002/adma.201601741 AU - He, Daping AU - Tang, Haolin AU - Kou, Zongkui AU - Pan, Mu AU - Sun, Xueliang AU - Zhang, Jiujun AU - Mu, Shichun T2 - Advanced Materials SN - 0935-9648 VL - 29 IS - 20 SP - 1601741 AB - Engineered graphene materials (EGMs) with unique structures and properties have been incorporated into various components of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) such as electrode, membrane, and bipolar plates to achieve enhanced performances in terms of electrical conductivity, mechanical durability, corrosion resistance, and electrochemical surface area. This research news article provides an overview of the recent development in EGMs and EGM‐based PEMFCs with a focus on the effects of EGMs on PEMFC performance when they are incorporated into different components of PEMFCs. The challenges of EGMs for practical PEMFC applications in terms of production scale, stability, conductivity, and coupling capability with other materials are also discussed and the corresponding measures and future research trends to overcome such challenges are proposed. DA - 2016/12/20 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3cd24c8c-66af-4d3b-a233-924efecf648d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect on battery life of vehicle-to-home electric power provision under Canadian residential electrical demand DO - 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.002 AU - Darcovich, Ken AU - Recoskie, Steven AU - Ribberink, Hajo AU - Pincet, Fleurine AU - Foissac, Amaury T2 - Applied Thermal Engineering SN - 1359-4311 VL - 114 SP - 1515 EP - 1522 AB - Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) is a support activity using electric vehicles where the electric power stored in their batteries is supplied in response to residential electrical demand. It is understood that supplementary battery use such as V2H will reduce the battery service life. Judicious V2H activity can provide energy benefits at acceptable levels of battery life reduction. The present study employs a fundamentals based battery simulation to explore a range of V2H scenarios to assess the net energy benefits, and weigh these against associated battery life reduction attributable to V2H. The frequency (daily, weekly, monthly), duration and time-of-day of the V2H event were test parameters. Long term (i.e. given roughly 16 year battery calendar life) detailed simulations which included a daily driving regime together with V2H activity based on detailed residential electricity use data were used to determine battery lifetimes. Apart from aggressive driving and fast charging which greatly impact electric vehicle (EV) battery life, the largest contributions to battery degradation were for intense participation in V2H services, such as handling the household electrical load for 8 h daily. A 10.6 year battery life with no V2H, was lowered to about 10.2 years with 1 h daily V2H, and to about 8.5 years with 8 h daily V2H. However, lower intensity, and especially lower frequency use of the EV battery can still provide useful V2H services with acceptable battery degradation. DA - 2016/07/05 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7ba534f8-af07-4959-ab4b-422361374037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numerical simulation of induction thermography on a laminated composite panel AU - Li, Gang AU - Genest, Marc T2 - ASC Proceedings T3 - The 2016 ASC-31 Technical Conference on Composite Materials, Setpember 19-21, 2016, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA SP - 2918 AB - A three-dimensional finite element model was developed for simulating induction heating of a composite panel using the COMSOL multiphysics software, version 5.1. Equivalent anisotropic material thermal and electrical conductivities of the composite panel were used in the simulation. The model was validated using experimental temperatures obtained from an infrared camera. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental and numerical results for a pristine panel and a specific flawed panel. Then, this methodology was used to simulate the induction heating of a panel within different flaw scenarios. The correlation between the flaw scenario and temperature distribution was investigated. Flaws led to high gradients in the temperature distributions. The numerical results suggest that temperature variation on the panel coil side (outer) surface could be used to detect some types of flaws. In addition, due to low thermal conductivity, the induction heating period should be carefully controlled to avoid potential material degradation caused by overheating when using this thermography inspection technique. DA - 2016/09 PY - 2016 PB - ASC LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5e941d12-3369-498b-9548-bdc25262f95c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk of condensation and mold growth in highly insulated wood-frame walls AU - Saber, Hamed H. AU - Lacasse, Michael A. AU - Ganapathy, G. AU - Plescia, Silvio AU - Parekh, Anil T2 - Buildings XIII: Thermal Performance of Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings T3 - Thirteenth International Conference on Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings, 4-8 December, 2016, Clearwater Beach, FL, USA KW - condensation risk KW - highly Insulated KW - moisture performance KW - mold growth KW - wood frame walls AB - A research study was conducted to investigate the risk of condensation and mold growth in 2x6 wood-framing wall assemblies associated with increasing the thermal resistance (R-value) of cavity insulation for various scenarios of exterior insulation products. Based on the current construction practices, a set of three wall assemblies with different types of exterior insulation systems were chosen for field study with different R-values. In the first phase of this study, the hygrothermal model was benchmarked against the test data of full scale wood-farming wall systems. The predications of the model were in good agreement with the test data. Thereafter, the model was used to conduct parametric study to assess the risk of condensation of these wall assemblies when they were subjected to different air leakage rates for various climate zones. Both the numerical results and the field monitoring data showed different behaviours of exterior insulation strategies. The results of the hygrothermal performance were expressed using the mold index criteria, which allowed sufficient resolution to assess the risk of moisture condensation and related risk of mold growth in the wall assemblies. The results showed as well that adding exterior insulation of different water vapor permeance has resulted in lower risk of condensation and mold growth than the reference wall system (i.e. without exterior insulation). DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f49d9079-06c7-4d25-ab08-544058b85c73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field evaluation of thermal and moisture response of highly insulated wood-frame walls AU - Lacasse, Michael A. AU - Saber, Hamed H. AU - Maref, Wahid AU - Ganapathy, G. AU - Plescia, Silvio AU - Parekh, Anil T2 - Buildings XIII: Thermal Performance of Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings T3 - International Conference on Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings XIII, 4-8 December, 2016, Clearwater Beach, FL, US KW - field study KW - thermal response KW - moisture response KW - highly insulated KW - wood-frame walls AB - Over the years, the energy efficiency of the North American housing stock has significantly improved mainly due to higher insulation levels, more efficient windows and, more importantly, adoption of various energy efficiency measures by building codes. The increased insulation levels of building envelopes for homes leads to a multitude of opportunities as well as challenges. A major opportunity is to reduce heat losses and thereby significantly reducing the space heating loads. However, there are many challenges that necessitate changes in the current construction process, durability of products, and more importantly, the effect of higher insulation levels on the overall moisture performance and expected long-term performance of the building envelope. A major barrier to the uptake of highly insulated homes is the lack of proven evidence of reliable thermal and moisture performance of these homes as might be achieved in various climates of Canada. Following a survey of current construction practices, a set of six wall assemblies with different types of exterior insulation systems were chosen for field monitoring study undertaken in two separate Phases over a two year period in a test facility located in Ottawa, Canada. These wall assemblies ranged from total insulation value of RSI-4.8 to RSI 7.9 (R-27 to R-45). Full scale testing included year-round performance monitoring. These wall specimens were installed in a side-by-side test bay and were subjected to local climate conditions of Ottawa, Canada; on the interior of the specimens conditions were nominally maintained at 20°C and 50% RH. This paper provides results of field trials of the six wall assemblies in terms of their hygrothermal performance and risk for condensation over a two year period of operation. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d94c3a83-d641-41a4-8366-8fa7f2a7f849 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A systematic method of assessing the durability of wood-frame wall assemblies: towards the limit-states design approach AU - Lacasse, Michael A. AU - Morelli, Martin T2 - Buildings XIII: Thermal Performance of Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings T3 - International Conference on Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings XIII, 4-8 December, 2016, Clearwater Beach, FL, US KW - durability KW - hygrothermal performance KW - limit-states design KW - RHT index KW - wall assemblies AB - The long-term performance in respect to moisture management within any wall assembly depends on the hygrothermal response of the wall. Critical factors in estimating the longevity of wood frame structures include limiting the temperature range, wood moisture content and time of exposure to conditions suitable for the onset, growth and propagation of mold and rot to occur. The intent in constructing highly insulted wood frame walls is evidently to reduce energy usage in buildings but the energy savings as might accrue necessarily cannot be achieved if these walls fail prematurely due to the effects of moisture accumulation in wall cavities. Several approaches to assessing the vulnerability of wood frame structures to deterioration have been developed in recent years some of which suggest applying a limits states design approach to the performance assessment of the assembly. In this paper, a Limit-States Design approach is described that forms the basis of a performance assessment method for wood frame wall assemblies. The approach is based on the requirements set out in ISO 13823 “General principles on the design of structures for durability”. The approach developed for a project on the Moisture Management of Exterior Wall Systems (MEWS) is described in which the concept referred to as the Relative Humidity Temperature-index (RHT-index) is used as a basis for evaluating the long-term performance of wood frame assemblies. This index captures the duration of the coexistence of moisture and thermal conditions above a set of threshold levels for which the risk to the formation of mold growth and wood rot is unacceptably high. An example is given to illustrate the application of the approach using the RHT-index when assessing the moisture management performance of a North American stucco-clad wood frame wall assembly in relation to wood rot. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 89a4c5c4-af49-4134-8000-3393da9feab2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The triple point of sulfur hexafluoride DO - 10.1088/0026-1394/53/2/L1 AU - Rourke, P. M. C. T2 - Metrologia SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - L1 EP - L6 AB - A cryogenic fixed point cell has been filled with high purity (99.999%) sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and measured in an adiabatic closed-cycle cryostat system. Temperature measurements of the SF6 melting curve were performed using a capsule-type standard platinum resistance thermometer (CSPRT) calibrated over the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) subrange from the triple point of equilibrium hydrogen to the triple point of water. The measured temperatures were corrected by 0.37 mK for the effects of thermometer self-heating, and the liquidus-point temperature estimated by extrapolation to melted fraction F  =  1 of a simple linear regression versus melted fraction F in the range F  =  0.53 to 0.84. Based on this measurement, the temperature of the triple point of sulfur hexafluoride is shown to be 223.555 23(49) K (k  =  1) on the ITS-90. This value is in excellent agreement with the best prior measurements reported in the literature, but with considerably smaller uncertainty. An analysis of the detailed uncertainty budget of this measurement suggests that if the triple point of sulfur hexafluoride were to be included as a defining fixed point of the next revision of the International Temperature Scale, it could do so with a total realization uncertainty of approximately 0.43 mK, slightly larger than the realization uncertainties of the defining fixed points of the ITS-90. Since the combined standard uncertainty of this SF6 triple point temperature determination is dominated by chemical impurity effects, further research exploring gas purification techniques and the influence of specific impurity species on the SF6 triple point temperature may bring the realization uncertainty of SF6 as a fixed point material into the range of the defining fixed points of the ITS-90. DA - 2016/03/31 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 94ce3cda-5197-4a6b-9b1b-3d2848210cae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mise en pratique for the definition of the candela and associated derived units for photometric and radiometric quantities in the International System of Units (SI) DO - 10.1088/0026-1394/53/3/G1 AU - Zwinkels, Joanne AU - Sperling, Armin AU - Goodman, Teresa AU - Acosta, Joaquin Campos AU - Ohno, Yoshi AU - Rastello, Maria Luisa AU - Stock, Michael AU - Woolliams, Emma T2 - Metrologia SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 53 IS - 3 AB - The purpose of this mise en pratique, prepared by the Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR) of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) and formally adopted by the CIPM, is to provide guidance on how the candela and related units used in photometry and radiometry can be realized in practice. The scope of the mise en pratique recognizes the fact that the two fields of photometry and radiometry and their units are closely related through the current definition of the SI base unit for the photometric quantity, luminous intensity: the candela. The previous version of the mise en pratique was applied only to the candela whereas this updated version covers the realization of the candela and other related units used for photometric and radiometric quantities. Recent advances in the generation and manipulation of individual photons show great promise of producing radiant fluxes with a well-established number of photons. Thus, this mise en pratique also includes information on the practical realization of units for photometric and radiometric quantities using photon-number-based techniques. In the following, for units used for photometric and radiometric quantities, the shorter term, photometric and radiometric units, is generally used. Section 1 describes the definition of the candela which introduces a close relationship between photometric and radiometric units. Sections 2 and 3 describe the practical realization of radiometric and photon-number-based units, respectively. Section 4.1 explains how, in general, photometric units are derived from radiometric units. Sections 4.2–4.5 deal with the particular geometric conditions for the specific photometric units. Section 5 deals very briefly with the topic of determination of measurement uncertainties in photometry. DA - 2016/05/20 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0e7c5195-1034-44de-9c51-4901c792fbd4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of a versatile reference instrument for traceable fluorescence measurements using different illumination and viewing geometries specified in practical colorimetry. Part 1: bidirectional geometry (45:0) DO - 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/1215 AU - Zwinkels, Joanne AU - Neil, William AU - Noël, Mario T2 - Metrologia SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 53 IS - 5 SP - 1215 EP - 1230 AB - For highest accuracy fluorescence colorimetry, standardizing organizations recommend the use of a two-monochromator method with a bidirectional illumination and viewing geometry (45:0 or 0:45). For this reason, reference fluorescence instruments developed by National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) have largely conformed to this bidirectional geometry. However, for many practical applications in colorimetry where the samples exhibit texture, surface roughness or other spatial non-uniformities, the relevant standard test methods specify a sphere geometry with diffuse illumination or viewing (e.g. d:8 or 8:d) which gives improved measurement precision. This difference in the measurement geometry between the primary instrument used to realize the fluorescence scale and the secondary testing instruments used for practical measurements, compromises the traceability of these fluorescence calibrations. To address this metrology issue, a two-monochromator goniospectrofluorimeter instrument has been developed at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). This instrument can be configured for different illumination and viewing geometries to conform with international standards for different colorimetric applications. To improve the traceability chain for measurements using different geometries, the instrument has been thoroughly characterized and validated by means of comparison measurements with NRC's other spectrophotometric and fluorescence reference instruments. This uncertainty analysis has been carried out in a step-wise manner; first, for a bidirectional geometry (45:0) and then for a sphere geometry (8:d) to provide an uninterrupted traceability to primary radiometric scales. The first paper in this two paper series reviews the background to this work and provides details of the basic design of the new instrument and its characterization for measurements using a bidirectional geometry (45:0), including a representative uncertainty budget. In part 2, the major sources of sphere error are described and minimized in a modified sphere design. The instrument characterization and validation are then extended to a sphere geometry (8:d) to provide direct traceability for practical fluorescence colorimetry. DA - 2016/09/29 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1a301cd2-514e-4a34-8cbb-a4aa5f28b70d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and implementation of an adaptive lighting and blinds control algorithm DO - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.08.027 AU - Gunay, H. Burak AU - O'brien, William AU - Beausoleil-Morrison, Ian AU - Gilani, Sara T2 - Building and Environment SN - 0360-1323 VL - 113 SP - 185 EP - 199 KW - adaptive control KW - lighting KW - blinds KW - occupant behaviour AB - In this paper, the light-switch and blinds use behaviours in ten private offices were analyzed with concurrent solar irradiance, ceiling illuminance, and occupancy data. Upon this analysis, an adaptive lighting and blinds control algorithm was formulated. The algorithm learns occupants' illuminance preferences from their light switch-on and blinds closing behaviours, and employs this information to determine the photosensor setpoints to switch off lighting and to open blinds. The algorithm was implemented inside controllers serving five private offices and a controls laboratory – a shared office space with a standalone controls network. Alternative control scenarios were analyzed through integrated daylighting and occupant behaviour simulations. The results indicate that the use of an adaptive lighting and blinds control algorithm developed in this paper can substantially reduce the lighting loads in office buildings – without adversely affecting the occupant comfort. DA - 2016/08/28 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 37580395-b8fb-4da9-8c4f-eff5379c2b04 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determining word-emotion associations from tweets by multi-label classification DO - 10.1109/WI.2016.0091 AU - Bravo-Marquez, Felipe AU - Frank, Eibe AU - Mohammad, Saif M. AU - Pfahringer, Bernhard T2 - 2016 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI) T3 - 2016 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI), October 13-16, 2016, Omaha, NE, USA SN - 978-1-5090-4470-2 SP - 536 EP - 539 AB - The automatic detection of emotions in Twitter posts is a challenging task due to the informal nature of the language used in this platform. In this paper, we propose a methodology for expanding the NRC word-emotion association lexicon for the language used in Twitter. We perform this expansion using multi-label classification of words and compare different word-level features extracted from unlabelled tweets such as unigrams, Brown clusters, POS tags, and word2vec embeddings. The results show that the expanded lexicon achieves major improvements over the original lexicon when classifying tweets into emotional categories. In contrast to previous work, our methodology does not depend on tweets annotated with emotional hashtags, thus enabling the identification of emotional words from any domain-specific collection using unlabelled tweets. DA - 2016/10 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 4d5e5a1e-cdda-46cc-a4b2-77febb7468d1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclic-oxidation behaviours of the powder-metallurgy TiAl–4Nb–3Mn and TiAl–2Nb–2Mo beta-gamma alloys DO - 10.1080/00084433.2016.1267923 AU - Kim, D. J. AU - Seo, D. Y. AU - Hong, J. K. AU - Kim, S.-E. AU - Keum, D. Y. T2 - Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly SN - 0008-4433 SN - 1879-1395 VL - 56 IS - 1 SP - 123 EP - 136 KW - beta-gamma alloy KW - powder-metallurgy KW - cyclic oxidation KW - titanium nitride AB - For this study, cyclic-oxidation tests for the powder-metallurgy TiAl–4Nb–3Mn and TiAl–2Nb–2Mo alloys were carried out in air between room temperature and 900°C, and the oxidation behaviours under cyclic oxidation were compared with those under isothermal oxidation. The morphologies and structures of the oxides are identical to those from isothermal oxidation, except for the Mn-oxide formation on the top surface in the case of the TiAl–4Nb–3Mn alloy. The growth rate of the oxides in the TiAl–2Nb–2Mo alloy is slower and more stable than that of the oxides in the TiAl–4Nb–3Mn alloy, and severe internal oxidation is also evident in the latter alloy; however, the weight gain showed a sudden drop in the TiAl–2Nb–2Mo alloy that is mainly due to the enhanced formation of titanium nitrides at the interface. AB - Pour cette étude, on a effectué des essais d’oxydation cyclique à l’air des alliages de la métallurgie des poudres TiAl-4Nb-3Mn et TiAl-2Nb-2Mo, entre la température de la pièce et 900°C, et l’on a comparé le comportement d’oxydation cyclique au comportement d’oxydation isotherme. La morphologie et la structure des oxydes sont identiques à celles de l’oxydation isotherme, sauf pour la formation d’oxyde de Mn à la surface dans le cas de l’alliage de TiAl-4Nb-3Mn. La vitesse de croissance des oxydes de l’alliage de TiAl-2Nb-2Mo est plus lente et plus stable que celle des oxydes de l’alliage de TiAl-4Nb-3Mn et une oxydation interne sévère est également évidente dans ce dernier alliage; cependant, la prise de poids a montré une baisse soudaine pour l’alliage de TiAl-2Nb-2Mo qui résulte principalement de la formation améliorée de nitrures de titane à l’interface. DA - 2016/12/15 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 30b1eca8-02c3-4623-9327-9cd50b755972 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cross-talk between human mast cells and epithelial cells by IgE-mediated periostin production in eosinophilic nasal polyps DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.026 AU - Kim, Dae Woo AU - Kulka, Marianna AU - Jo, Ara AU - Eun, Kyoung Mi AU - Arizmendi, Narcy AU - Tancowny, Brian P. AU - Hong, Seung-No AU - Lee, Jung Pyo AU - Jin, Hong Ryul AU - Lockey, Richard F. AU - Kim, Dong-Kyu AU - Cho, Seong H. T2 - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology SN - 0091-6749 VL - 139 IS - 5 SP - 1692 EP - 1695.e6 DA - 2016/10/19 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8cfcdbe5-a84e-45a2-a1f3-6383b365387d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cladding WC-Co based materials to protect them from decarburization caused by the heat of the thermal spray gun DO - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.09.076 AU - Bouaricha, Salim AU - Legoux, Jean-Gabriel T2 - Surface and Coatings Technology SN - 0257-8972 VL - 309 SP - 355 EP - 362 KW - HVOF coatings KW - WC-Cr-Co cermet powders KW - carbide degradation KW - carbide protection KW - cladding material KW - endothermic reaction AB - Two types of commercial cermet powders WC-10Co-4Cr and nanostructured WC-12Co were modified by cladding thin layers of magnesium oxide onto their surface. The objective was to protect the WC phase from decarburization that regularly results from thermal spray. As-received and cladded powders were deposited by using the HVOF thermal spray technique. The coatings features were investigated by using several characterization techniques. The results show that original spray powders were thermally protected by the layer of magnesium oxide clad on their surface that acts as a sacrificial material. This cladding material vanished partially endothermically by sublimation, fusion followed by evaporation, by endothermic reaction with the spraying atmosphere or acted as refractory material and did not much affect the original material. Thus, less heat was transferred from the flame onto original powders, and coatings produced following this process presented less degradation (conservation of the initial phases and structures) which was reflected by better mechanical properties. DA - 2016/10/01 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : dc84f4f0-b772-41ff-b1b4-fa522e40ee15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ALMA observations of the η Corvi debris disc: inward scattering of CO-rich exocomets by a chain of 3–30 M⊕ planets? DO - 10.1093/mnras/stw2867 AU - Marino, S. AU - Wyatt, M. C. AU - Panić, O. AU - Matrà, L. AU - Kennedy, G. M. AU - Bonsor, A. AU - Kral, Q. AU - Dent, W. R. F AU - Duchene, G. AU - Wilner, D. AU - Lisse, C. M. AU - Lestrade, J.-F. AU - Matthews, B. T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 465 IS - 3 SP - 2595 EP - 2615 KW - circumstellar matter KW - stars: individual: HD 109085 KW - planetary systems KW - radio continuum: planetary systems AB - While most of the known debris discs present cold dust at tens of astronomical unit (au), a few young systems exhibit hot dust analogous to the Zodiacal dust. η Corvi is particularly interesting as it is old and it has both, with its hot dust significantly exceeding the maximum luminosity of an in situ collisional cascade. Previous work suggested that this system could be undergoing an event similar to the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) soon after or during a dynamical instability. Here, we present ALMA observations of η Corvi with a resolution of 1.2 arcsec (∼22 au) to study its outer belt. The continuum emission is consistent with an axisymmetric belt, with a mean radius of 152 au and radial full width at half-maximum of 46 au, which is too narrow compared to models of inward scattering of an LHB-like scenario. Instead, the hot dust could be explained as material passed inwards in a rather stable planetary configuration. We also report a 4σ detection of CO at ∼20 au. CO could be released in situ from icy planetesimals being passed in when crossing the H2O or CO2 ice lines. Finally, we place constraints on hidden planets in the disc. If a planet is sculpting the disc's inner edge, this should be orbiting at 75–100 au, with a mass of 3–30 M⊕ and an eccentricity <0.08. Such a planet would be able to clear its chaotic zone on a time-scale shorter than the age of the system and scatter material inwards from the outer belt to the inner regions, thus feeding the hot dust. DA - 2016/11/05 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 28090fa9-706c-4933-a202-cdf99ef540ce ER - TY - JOUR TI - Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding DO - 10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5 AU - Wells, Mark L. AU - Potin, Philippe AU - Craigie, James S. AU - Raven, John A. AU - Merchant, Sabeeha S. AU - Helliwell, Katherine E. AU - Smith, Alison G. AU - Camire, Mary Ellen AU - Brawley, Susan H. T2 - Journal of Applied Phycology SN - 0921-8971 SN - 1573-5176 VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 949 EP - 982 KW - algal foods KW - antioxidants KW - arsenosugars KW - experimental design KW - microalgal supplements KW - nutritional minerals KW - omega-3-fatty acids KW - polysaccharides KW - sea vegetables KW - vitamins AB - Global demand for macroalgal and microalgal foods is growing, and algae are increasingly being consumed for functional benefits beyond the traditional considerations of nutrition and health. There is substantial evidence for the health benefits of algal-derived food products, but there remain considerable challenges in quantifying these benefits, as well as possible adverse effects. First, there is a limited understanding of nutritional composition across algal species, geographical regions, and seasons, all of which can substantially affect their dietary value. The second issue is quantifying which fractions of algal foods are bioavailable to humans, and which factors influence how food constituents are released, ranging from food preparation through genetic differentiation in the gut microbiome. Third is understanding how algal nutritional and functional constituents interact in human metabolism. Superimposed considerations are the effects of harvesting, storage, and food processing techniques that can dramatically influence the potential nutritive value of algal-derived foods. We highlight this rapidly advancing area of algal science with a particular focus on the key research required to assess better the health benefits of an alga or algal product. There are rich opportunities for phycologists in this emerging field, requiring exciting new experimental and collaborative approaches. DA - 2016/11/21 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1499cc31-3908-4221-baab-f8dd9d257d2e ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review of iceberg and bergy bit hydrodynamic interaction with offshore structures DO - 10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.12.005 AU - Sayeed, Tanvir AU - Colbourne, Bruce AU - Quinton, Bruce AU - Molyneux, David AU - Peng, Heather AU - Spencer, Don T2 - Cold Regions Science and Technology SN - 0165-232X VL - 135 SP - 34 EP - 50 KW - iceberg KW - bergy bit KW - hydrodynamic interaction KW - offshore structure KW - proximity effect KW - impact load AB - This paper establishes the current state of the art in the subject of iceberg and bergy bit motion during interaction and impact with offshore structures. Our particular interest in the present case is the influence of hydrodynamic interaction on change in velocity as small ice masses approach a larger structure in open water. Iceberg impacts are a design driver for structures located in offshore regions subject to drifting glacial ice. It is found that although many studies note that near-field effects influence the velocity and trajectory of drifting bergs prior to impact, the understanding of near-field hydrodynamic effects such as negative wave drift force, fluid cushioning, shadowing, reduction in impact velocity, and hydrodynamic damping, is incomplete. These effects are more obvious for small ice masses and bergy bits and although they have been identified qualitatively, there is very little quantitative information available. The inability to properly account for these phenomena generally leads to overestimation in impact velocity and consequently input impact energy. Better understanding of hydrodynamic interaction between small icebergs and offshore structures in very close proximity could improve load predictions by improving the estimation of input energy. DA - 2016/12/13 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 492cbf2a-6a1f-4a74-a88a-4fa981b2ea23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - System optimization for determination of cobalt in biological samples by ICP-OES using photochemical vapor generation DO - 10.1039/C6JA00069J AU - Coutinho de Jesus, Honerio AU - Grinberg, Patricia AU - Sturgeon, Ralph E. T2 - Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 31 IS - 8 SP - 1590 EP - 1604 AB - An optimized photochemical vapor generation (PVG) approach for efficient synthesis of volatile cobalt species is described. Solutions containing Co(II) in a pH 3.3 medium of 50% formic acid were exposed to a source of deep UV (254 and 185 nm) radiation generated within a 19 W flow-through low pressure mercury discharge lamp. Following efficient phase separation, the analyte was transported to an ICP-OES system for detection at the 238.892 nm emission line of Co I. Several variables were investigated, including the type of UV lamp and gas–liquid separator, identity and concentration of the low molecular weight organic acid, solution pH, sample flow rate and exposure time to the UV irradiation as well as transport gas flow and mode of introduction of sample (continuous or segmented) to the ICP. In continuous mode, an optimum generation efficiency of 42 ± 2% was achieved with an irradiation time of 10 s, providing a 27-fold improvement in sensitivity compared to pneumatic nebulization and a limit of detection of 0.4 μg L−1 with a precision of 3% at 100 μg L−1. Direct analysis of acid digested biological tissues (NRC TORT-2 and TORT-3) was hampered by strong matrix interferences from the presence of nitrate and other ions which could be circumvented by longer irradiation time and sufficient dilution such that accurate analysis of real samples by the method of additions could be achieved while maintaining high generation efficiency. DA - 2016/05/31 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c8fb2834-5a89-4468-a99a-f2cc19aeee31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Final Report. Supplementary comparison of 50/60 Hz energy SIM.EM-S7 DO - 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1A/01008 AU - Carranza, R. AU - Campos, S. AU - Castruita, A. AU - Nelson, T. AU - Ribeiro, A. M. AU - So, E. AU - Spaggiari, A. AU - Slomovitz, D. AU - Izquierdo, D. AU - Postigo, H. AU - Díaz, H. AU - Sanchez, H. AU - Gonzalez, J. AU - Ramos, R. AU - Zipaquira, A. T2 - Metrologia SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 53 IS - 1A AB - From 2010 to 2012, a key comparison of energy standards at 50/60 Hz was conducted in the SIM region. The comparison included measurements of active and reactive energy at three frequencies, aiming at providing support to high accuracy measurement needs of reactive energy. This work presents the results of the SIM.EM-S7 supplementary comparison. DA - 2016/01/01 PY - 2016 PB - IOP LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3971f3a0-32e7-4ebd-a84f-c9b3c30ba2bb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence against solar influence on nuclear decay constants DO - 10.1016/j.physletb.2016.08.038 AU - Pommé, S. AU - Stroh, H. AU - Paepen, J. AU - Van Ammel, R. AU - Marouli, M. AU - Altzitzoglou, T. AU - Hult, M. AU - Kossert, K. AU - Nähle, O. AU - Schrader, H. AU - Juget, F. AU - Bailat, C. AU - Nedjadi, Y. AU - Bochud, F. AU - Buchillier, T. AU - Michotte, C. AU - Courte, S. AU - Van Rooy, M. W. AU - Van Staden, M. J. AU - Lubbe, J. AU - Simpson, B. R. S. AU - Fazio, A. AU - De Felice, P. AU - Jackson, T. W. AU - Van Wyngaardt, W. M. AU - Reinhard, M. I. AU - Golya, J. AU - Bourke, S. AU - Roy, T. AU - Galea, R. AU - Keightley, J. D. AU - Ferreira, K. M. AU - Collins, S. M. AU - Ceccatelli, A. AU - Unterweger, M. AU - Fitzgerald, R. AU - Bergeron, D. E. AU - Pibida, L. AU - Verheyen, L. AU - Bruggeman, M. AU - Vodenik, B. AU - Korun, M. AU - Chisté, V. AU - Amiot, M.-N. T2 - Physics Letters B SN - 0370-2693 VL - 761 SP - 281 EP - 286 KW - half-life KW - decay constant KW - uncertainty KW - radioactivity KW - Sun KW - neutrino AB - The hypothesis that proximity to the Sun causes variation of decay constants at permille level has been tested and disproved. Repeated activity measurements of mono-radionuclide sources were performed over periods from 200 days up to four decades at 14 laboratories across the globe. Residuals from the exponential nuclear decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ from one data set to another and are attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. The most stable activity measurements of alpha, beta-minus, electron capture, and beta-plus decaying sources set an upper limit of 0.0006% to 0.008% to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the Sun could not be observed within a 10−6 to 10−5 range of precision. There are also no apparent modulations over periods of weeks or months. Consequently, there is no indication of a natural impediment against sub-permille accuracy in half-life determinations, renormalisation of activity to a distant reference date, application of nuclear dating for archaeology, geo- and cosmochronology, nor in establishing the SI unit becquerel and seeking international equivalence of activity standards. DA - 2016/08/24 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a9e38814-cd50-42da-a089-5c63e0688e09 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Surface plasmons DO - 10.1007/978-1-4419-8071-7_189 AU - Tay, Li-Lin T2 - Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology SN - 978-1-4419-8070-0 SN - 978-1-4419-8071-7 SP - 1186 EP - 1195 DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2107b4d1-976a-4b0e-9042-6ea6dfe994e2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Traceability and on-site calibration of the NRC-MSS depolarization current measurements DO - 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540708 AU - Ghunem, Refat Atef AU - Parks, Harold AU - Mcintyre, Douglas AU - Tam, Yuk T2 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016) T3 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), July 10-15, 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 978-1-4673-9134-4 KW - traceability KW - Depolarization current measurements KW - XLPE cables KW - asset management KW - uncertainty AB - With the deregulation of the power system network, prioritizing capital investments and reducing operational costs while maintaining a reliable supply has become a priority for asset managers in utilities. A shift from a corrective-or time-based to a condition-based maintenance strategy for the utility infrastructure has therefore become an essential task. For example, a significant portion of the underground medium voltage XLPE cables in the electricity grid has been in service for periods longer than their nominal designed life, and therefore an asset management decision has to be taken to replace, refurbish or maintain these cables in service. Such a decision requires a reliable condition assessment method based on accurate diagnostic measurements that can determine the health index of the cable-under-test (CUT). DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 93ce979e-66cd-402c-a8af-9123778193b3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A proposal to establish a system for calibration of harmonic power analyzers DO - 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540647 AU - Zuliang, Lu AU - Lei, Wang AU - Hongtao, Huang AU - Min, Li AU - Lijuan, Liu AU - Zhongwen, Zhu AU - Shaoyuan, Zhou AU - Leibing, Shi AU - Jian, Feng AU - So, Eddy T2 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016) T3 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), July 10-15, 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 978-1-4673-9134-4 SP - 1 EP - 2 KW - measurement uncertainty KW - Harmonic KW - calibration KW - power analyzer KW - measurement AB - Harmonic power analyzing instruments are used in the electrical power industry to monitor the power quality of the power supply network, under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waveform conditions, including EMC verifications. The demand at National Metrology Institutes (NIM) to evaluate harmonic power analyzers under non-sinusoidal waveform conditions has increased from year to year, in particular at NIM China and also at the provincial metrology institutes and similar technology institutes. At NIM China, like many other NMIs, a harmonic power standard has been developed in 2006, and has been used to provide such calibration service. In the meantime some international comparisons have been completed, including a Key Comparison is being organized. Also, the quality and performance of the available measuring instruments in the market have improved. Based on experiences of calibrations over a period of almost ten years, including that of international comparison, a test protocol is proposed for the calibration of harmonic power analyzers. This test protocol proposal is to be submitted for approval to the China's domestic technical institutes. Some main considerations of the test protocol are discussed in this paper. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 4c73d1b6-110b-4c95-ae9a-8bb6b67a7694 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An absolute method for determining the dissipation factor of capacitors at voltages up to 1 kV DO - 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540556 AU - Jung, Jae Kap AU - Lee, Young Seob AU - Kim, Kyu-Tae AU - So, Eddy T2 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016) T3 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), July 10-15, 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 978-1-4673-9134-4 SP - 1 EP - 2 KW - calibration KW - Capacitor KW - dissipation factor KW - capacitance bridge KW - measurement uncertainty AB - An absolute method for determining the dissipation factor (DF) of a capacitor connected to a series resistor without the use of a reference capacitor with a known DF is described. The principle of the absolute measurement is based on the “elimination” of DF value of a reference capacitor by subtracting reading values from two successive measurements. This method was applied to the calibration of DF within a range of 1 × 10-5 to 1 × 10-2 at voltages up to 1 kV The verification of this method was confirmed by comparing the obtained values of DF with that measured by a known calibrated multi-frequency capacitance meter. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 26383386-3700-4267-b468-ebc0c22b6275 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solution to phenylbutazone purity challenge DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-9706-6 AU - McRae, Garnet AU - Leek, Donald M. AU - Pagliano, Enea T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 408 IS - 22 SP - 5957 EP - 5958 AB - This article is the solution to the Analytical Challenge to be found at 10.1007/s00216-016-9412-4 DA - 2016/08/11 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3984a717-489d-4805-a186-7707fd10239c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physicochemical characteristics of black carbon aerosol and its radiative impact in a polluted urban area of China DO - 10.1002/2016JD024748 AU - Wang, Qiyuan AU - Huang, Ru-Jin AU - Zhao, Zhuzi AU - Cao, Junji AU - Ni, Haiyan AU - Tie, Xuexi AU - Zhao, Shuyu AU - Su, Xiaoli AU - Han, Yongming AU - Shen, Zhenxing AU - Wang, Yichen AU - Zhang, Ningning AU - Zhou, Yaqing AU - Corbin, Joel C. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres SN - 2169-897X VL - 121 IS - 20 SP - 12,505 EP - 12,519 KW - black carbon KW - mixing state KW - size distribution KW - radiative forcing AB - Black carbon (BC) aerosol plays an important role in the Earth's radiative balance. An intensive measurement campaign was conducted at Xi'an, China, from December 2012 to January 2013 to investigate the sources and physicochemical characteristics of refractory BC (rBC) and its direct radiative forcing at the surface. The overall average rBC concentration for the campaign was 8.0 ± 7.1 µg m−3. Source apportionment based on positive matrix factorization showed that traffic was the dominant rBC source (46.0%), followed by coal burning (33.9%) and biomass burning (20.1%). The rBC mass size distributions were monomodal and lognormal with larger mass median diameters for coal burning source (215 nm) compared with the traffic source (189 nm). Coal burning rBC was more strongly associated with sulfate than traffic rBC, suggesting a higher cloud condensation nuclei activity. The slope of a robust linear regression between rBC and carbon monoxide (CO) for all samples was 5.9 µg m−3 ppm−1, and the slope for the coal burning source (4.5 µg m−3 ppm−1) was larger than that for the traffic source (2.7 µg m−3 ppm−1). The net rBC emission during winter of 2009 was estimated to be 4.5 Gg based on the relationship between rBC and CO. A Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible radiation model showed that the average daytime value for the clear-sky direct radiative forcing due to rBC from 23 December 2012 to 31 January 2013 was −47.7 ± 28.9 W m−2, which amounted to an average of 45.7% of the total surface atmospheric aerosol forcing. DA - 2016/10/27 PY - 2016 PB - American Geophysical Union LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f263e35a-bef6-46a6-9e8f-ac54c3c685ce ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemical quality of bottled mineral waters from markets of Curitiba-PR-Brazil DO - 10.1590/1678-4324-2016160111 AU - Santos, Éder José Dos AU - Oliveira junior, Dasio Roberto de AU - Hermann, Amanda Beatriz AU - Sturgeon, Ralph Edward T2 - Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology SN - 1516-8913 VL - 59 SP - e16160111 KW - bottled mineral waters KW - elemental composition KW - chemical quality KW - principal component analysis AB - Twenty-seven bottled mineral waters from local markets in Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil were analyzed for a number of constituents, including: pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, HCO3 - and CO 3 2-, as well as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, F-, Cl-, NO3-, NO2- and SO4 2- by ion chromatography (IC); Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Sr, V and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES); Hg by cold vapor generation-ICP OES and As, Pb, Sb and Se by ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The obtained limits of quantitation (LOQ) were adequate for the determination of all analytes using the various analytical techniques. Results for the analysis of AccuStandard certified reference materials QCS-01-5, QCS-02-R1-5 and TCLP-02-1 as well as spike recoveries to samples show acceptable values, within 90-111 % of expected concentrations with relative standard deviations below 10 %, demonstrating the accuracy of the determinations. Both NO2 - and NO 3 - were above the maximum limits set by Brazilian legislation in two samples, indicating a microbiological contamination. One imported sample presented As (6.1 ± 0.2 µg L-1) near the maximum limit (10 µg L-1) while all other elements of interest were below the values specified by Brazilian legislation. Principal component analysis revealed that four imported samples and one from the Minas Gerais State have the highest mineral concentrations. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (Tecpar) LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a7992d8c-fbd5-4abd-b067-8201705c473b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid determination of Ti in TiO2 by ICP OES DO - 10.1039/C6AY01842D AU - Santos, E. J. Dos AU - Santos, M. P. Dos AU - Herrmann, A. B. AU - Sturgeon, R. E. T2 - Analytical Methods SN - 1759-9660 SN - 1759-9679 VL - 8 IS - 34 SP - 6463 EP - 6467 AB - A rapid method for the determination of titanium in titanium dioxide pigments and related materials by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) is presented. Complete decomposition of TiO2 was achieved in a medium of (NH4)2SO4/H2SO4. Following a suitable dilution of the digest, Ti was quantitated based on external calibration using the 337.280 nm line and sample introduction with a OneNeb® nebulizer. A detection limit (3 s, n = 10) of 10 μg g−1 and a LOQ (10 s, n = 10) of 50 μg g−1 were realized. Eight samples of TiO2 pigments and two samples of masterbatch pigment resin were analysed, providing results similar to those obtained by both traditional titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods but with standard deviations between 0.01 and 1%, some two-fold better than that of the traditional methodology. This simple procedure has been adopted by the Institute of Technology of Paraná – TECPAR (Curitiba, Brazil). DA - 2016/07/26 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d3e99f96-9eee-41c0-a9d3-27f111b017f8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A detailed chemical kinetics for the combustion of H2/CO/CH4/CO2 fuel mixtures DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.12.062 AU - Lee, H. C. AU - Mohamad, A. A. AU - Jiang, L. Y. T2 - Fuel SN - 0016-2361 VL - 193 SP - 294 EP - 307 KW - syngas/biogas combustion KW - detailed mechanisms KW - combustion modeling AB - A genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed and validated for the optimal extraction of a sub-mechanism for H2/CO/CH4/CO2 mixtures from the detailed Aramco1.3 chemical kinetics mechanism (Metcalfe et al., 2013), which was developed for C1–C5 hydrocarbons and oxygenated fuels. Ninety ignition delay time data involving mixtures containing H2, CO, CH4, CO2, N2, and H2O at wide range of experimental conditions were chosen as optimization targets to guide the GA, so that the final reduced mechanism was able to fully describe the combustion characteristics of syngas and biogas fuel mixtures. The final reduced mechanism for H2/CO/CH4/CO2 fuel mixtures comprised of 72 species and 290 reactions (reduced from 325 species and 2067 reactions), and it was extensively validated against experimental results, such as measured ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds, over a wide range of operating conditions. The excellent agreement between the reduced mechanism and Aramco1.3 mechanism in predicting the combustion properties of H2/CO/CH4/CO2 mixtures with maximum relative error values of only 0.9% and 2.75%, respectively for the ignition delay time and laminar flame speed results, indicates that the proposed reduced mechanism can be used for predicting the combustion characteristics of biogas and syngas fuel mixtures. Furthermore, it was observed that the reduced mechanism shows excellent agreement with the Aramco1.3 mechanism in predicting the ignition delay time of mixtures with added ethane and propane. Therefore, the proposed reduced mechanism represents the most up-to-date detailed chemical kinetics mechanism for biogas and syngas fuel mixtures, and it can also be used for predicting the combustion properties of natural gas with impurities such as ethane and propane. The reduced mechanism agreed so well with the Aramco1.3 mechanism in predicting the combustion properties of H2/CO/CH4/CO2 mixtures, where both mechanisms performed identically in over predicting the ignition delay time for H2/CO/CO2, CO2, H2/CO/CH4, and H2/CO/CH4/CO2/H2O mixtures at several experimental conditions. These observations were also reported by Lee et al. (2015), where they proposed two new rate constants for H + O2(+CO2) = HO2(+CO2) and CH4 + OH = CH3 + H2O to reconcile the discrepancies observed. These two new rate constants were assessed in this study by incorporating the modified rate constants into the 290Rxn mechanism (referred as 290Rxn-V1), where it was found that the modified rate constants did improve the ignition delay time predictions. However, the two proposed rate constants did not improve the predictions of the laminar flame speed for mixtures with a high CO2 content at high equivalence ratios (ϕ > 1.2). Therefore, optimization of the rate constants in the 290Rxn mechanism is highly recommended to further improve its agreement with experimental data for biogas and syngas fuel mixtures. DA - 2016/12/29 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b65daa2a-ef59-476c-bbfd-4394377f6fb1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative study of microlaser excitation thermography and microultrasonic excitation thermography on submillimeter porosity in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites DO - 10.1117/1.OE.56.4.041304 AU - Zhang, Hai AU - Fernandes, Henrique AU - Hassler, Ulf AU - Ibarra-castanedo, Clemente AU - Genest, Marc AU - Robitaille, François AU - Joncas, Simon AU - Maldague, Xavier T2 - Optical Engineering SN - 0091-3286 SN - 1560-2303 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - 041304 KW - laser line thermography KW - laser spot thermography KW - vibrothermography KW - x-ray computed tomography KW - composite AB - Stitching is used to reduce incomplete infusion of T-joint core (dry-core) and reinforce T-joint structure. However, it may cause new types of flaws, especially submillimeter flaws. Thermographic approaches including microvibrothermography, microlaser line thermography, and microlaser spot thermography on the basis of pulsed and lock-in techniques were proposed. These techniques are used to detect the submillimeter porosities in a stitched T-joint carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite specimen. X-ray microcomputed tomography was used to validate the thermographic results. Finally an experimental comparison of microlaser excitation thermography and microultrasonic excitation thermography was conducted. DA - 2016/09/30 PY - 2016 PB - Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3e9217c6-0dc9-4105-9349-8201cbba6d0b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Calcium isotopic compositions of sixteen USGS reference materials DO - 10.1111/ggr.12131 AU - Feng, Lan-ping AU - Zhou, Lian AU - Yang, Lu AU - Depaolo, Donald J. AU - Tong, Shuo-Yun AU - Liu, Yong-Sheng AU - Owens, Thomas L. AU - Gao, Shan T2 - Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research SN - 1639-4488 SN - 1751-908X VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 93 EP - 106 AB - Calcium isotopic compositions of sixteen Ca-bearing USGS geological reference materials including igneous and sedimentary rocks are reported. Calcium isotopic compositions were determined in two laboratories (GPMR, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan; and CIG, Centre for Isotope Geochemistry, University of California, Berkeley) using the 42Ca-48Ca double-spike technique by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. As opposed to common cation exchange resin, a micro-column filled with Ca-selective resin (DGA resin) was used in order to achieve high recovery (> 96%) and efficient separation of Ca from the sample matrix. The intermediate measurement precision was evaluated at 0.14‰ (2s) for δ44/40CaSRM915a at GPMR, based on replicate measurements of pure Ca reference material NIST SRM 915a, NIST SRM 915b and seawater. Overall, the measurement uncertainties in both laboratories were better than 0.15‰ at the 2s level. Result validation was carried out for all available data sets. The Ca isotopic compositions of USGS reference materials are not only in agreement between GPMR and CIG, but also in agreement with previously published data within quoted uncertainties. The comprehensive data set reported in this study serves as a reference for both quality assurance and interlaboratory comparison of high precision Ca isotopic study. DA - 2016/09/26 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b4b1af25-db39-45c2-8daf-9c63dacbb8ae ER - TY - JOUR TI - High precision measurements of gallium isotopic compositions in geological materials by MC-ICP-MS DO - 10.1039/C6JA00202A AU - Zhang, Ting AU - Zhou, Lian AU - Yang, Lu AU - Wang, Qian AU - Feng, Lan-ping AU - Liu, Yong-sheng T2 - Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 31 IS - 8 SP - 1673 EP - 1679 AB - An analytical protocol for the accurate and precise determination of the gallium isotope ratio in geological materials is presented for the first time by using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Separation of Ga from natural sample matrices was achieved by using a three-column ion-exchange chromatograph with one anion exchange AG MP-1M column and two cation exchange AG 50W-X8 columns. This approach provides an efficient purification with a low blank and high yield of Ga from an excess amount of Fe existing in geological samples. The instrument mass bias was monitored and corrected by using a model of standard-sample bracketing with internal normalization, and copper was used as an internal standard which was added to both the sample and standard solutions. The long-term external reproducibility of δ71/69Ga obtained is 0.04‰ (2SD). Ga isotopic compositions of geological reference materials including basalt, andesite, rhyolite, granodiorite, soil, sediment, carbonatite and shale were measured using the proposed approach. The 71Ga/69Ga ratio in these geological reference materials spanned over a rather narrow range between 0.74‰ and 0.90‰, relative to NIST SRM 994. DA - 2016/07/05 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1ce68535-e74d-467a-80b5-61eef3f7d4a8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative determination of the neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) by capillary electrophoresis–tandem mass spectrometry DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-0091-y AU - Kerrin, Elliott S. AU - White, Robert L. AU - Quilliam, Michael A. T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 409 IS - 6 SP - 1481 EP - 1491 AB - Recent reports of the widespread occurrence of the neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) in cyanobacteria and particularly seafood have raised concerns for public health. LC–MS/MS is currently the analytical method of choice for BMAA determinations but incomplete separation of isomeric and isobaric compounds, matrix suppression and conjugated forms are plausible limitations. In this study, capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with MS/MS has been developed as an alternative method for the quantitative determination of free BMAA. Using a bare fused silica capillary, a phosphate buffer (250 mM, pH 3.0) and UV detection, it was possible to separate BMAA from four isomers, but the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.25 μg mL−1 proved insufficient for analysis of typical samples. Coupling the CE to a triple quadrupole MS was accomplished using a custom sheath-flow interface. The best separation was achieved with a 5 M formic acid in water/acetonitrile (9:1) background electrolyte. Strong acid hydrolysis of lyophilized samples was used to release BMAA from conjugated forms. Field-amplified stacking after injection was achieved by lowering sample ionic strength with a cation-exchange cleanup procedure. Quantitation was accomplished using isotope dilution with deuterium-labelled BMAA as internal standard. An LOD for BMAA in solution of 0.8 ng mL−1 was attained, which was equivalent to 16 ng g−1 dry mass in samples using the specified extraction procedure. This was comparable with LC–MS/MS methods. The method displayed excellent resolution of amino acid isomers and had no interference from matrix components. The presence of BMAA in cycad, mussel and lobster samples was confirmed by CE–MS/MS, but not in an in-house cyanobacterial reference material, with quantitative results agreeing with those from LC–MS/MS. DA - 2016/12/01 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0adc83b4-98e1-4ae6-85a7-8f1e4d51dec0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On decay constants and orbital distance to the Sun. Part I: alpha decay DO - 10.1088/1681-7575/54/1/1 AU - Pommé, S. AU - Stroh, H. AU - Paepen, J. AU - Van Ammel, R. AU - Marouli, M. AU - Altzitzoglou, T. AU - Hult, M. AU - Kossert, K. AU - Nähle, O. AU - Schrader, H. AU - Juget, F. AU - Bailat, C. AU - Nedjadi, Y. AU - Bochud, F. AU - Buchillier, T. AU - Michotte, C. AU - Courte, S. AU - Van Rooy, M. W. AU - Van Staden, M. J. AU - Lubbe, J. AU - Simpson, B. R. S. AU - Fazio, A. AU - De Felice, P. AU - Jackson, T. W. AU - Van Wyngaardt, W. M. AU - Reinhard, M. I. AU - Golya, J. AU - Bourke, S. AU - Roy, T. AU - Galea, R. AU - Keightley, J. D. AU - Ferreira, K. M. AU - Collins, S. M. AU - Ceccatelli, A. AU - Verheyen, L. AU - Bruggeman, M. AU - Vodenik, B. AU - Korun, M. AU - Chisté, V. AU - Amiot, M.-N. T2 - Metrologia SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 18 KW - half-life KW - decay constant KW - non-exponential decay KW - radioactivity KW - Sun KW - neutrino AB - Claims that proximity to the Sun causes variation of decay constants at permille level have been investigated for alpha decaying nuclides. Repeated decay rate measurements of 209Po, 226Ra, 228Th, 230U, and 241Am sources were performed over periods of 200 d up to two decades at various nuclear metrology institutes around the globe. Residuals from the exponential decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ in amplitude and phase from one data set to another and appear attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. The most stable activity measurements of α decaying sources set an upper limit between 0.0006% and 0.006% to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. There are no apparent indications for systematic oscillations at a level of weeks or months. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the sun could not be observed within 10−5–10−6 range precision. DA - 2016/11/28 PY - 2016 PB - IOP LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : af2fb5ae-8667-43eb-9963-af0b31c48b89 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On decay constants and orbital distance to the Sun. Part III: beta plus and electron capture decay DO - 10.1088/1681-7575/54/1/36 AU - Pommé, S. AU - Stroh, H. AU - Paepen, J. AU - Van Ammel, R. AU - Marouli, M. AU - Altzitzoglou, T. AU - Hult, M. AU - Kossert, K. AU - Nähle, O. AU - Schrader, H. AU - Juget, F. AU - Bailat, C. AU - Nedjadi, Y. AU - Bochud, F. AU - Buchillier, T. AU - Michotte, C. AU - Courte, S. AU - Van Rooy, M. W. AU - Van Staden, M. J. AU - Lubbe, J. AU - Simpson, B. R. S. AU - Fazio, A. AU - De Felice, P. AU - Jackson, T. W. AU - Van Wyngaardt, W. M. AU - Reinhard, M. I. AU - Golya, J. AU - Bourke, S. AU - Roy, T. AU - Galea, R. AU - Keightley, J. D. AU - Ferreira, K. M. AU - Collins, S. M. AU - Ceccatelli, A. AU - Verheyen, L. AU - Bruggeman, M. AU - Vodenik, B. AU - Korun, M. AU - Chisté, V. AU - Amiot, M.-N. T2 - Metrologia SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 50 KW - half-life KW - decay constant KW - uncertainty KW - radioactivity KW - Sun KW - neutrino AB - The hypothesis that seasonal changes in proximity to the Sun cause variation of decay constants at permille level has been tested for radionuclides disintegrating through electron capture and beta plus decay. Activity measurements of 22Na, 54Mn, 55Fe, 57Co, 65Zn, 82+85Sr, 90Sr, 109Cd, 124Sb, 133Ba, 152Eu, and 207Bi sources were repeated over periods from 200 d up to more than four decades at 14 laboratories across the globe. Residuals from the exponential nuclear decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ from one data set to another and appear attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the sun could not be observed within 10−4–10−5 range precision. The most stable activity measurements of β + and EC decaying sources set an upper limit of 0.006% or less to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. There are no apparent indications for systematic oscillations at a level of weeks or months. DA - 2016/11/28 PY - 2016 PB - IOP LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2807a0f5-71ae-438a-a595-9dc3563884c1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Examining the applicability of empirical models using short-term VOC emissions data from building materials to predict long-term emissions DO - 10.1007/s12273-016-0302-7 AU - Ye, Wei AU - Won, Doyun AU - Zhang, Xu T2 - Building Simulation SN - 1996-3599 SN - 1996-8744 VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - 701 EP - 715 KW - empirical model KW - theoretical model KW - diffusion KW - chamber testing KW - emissions AB - Chamber testing is a common method to evaluate volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from building materials. Empirical models based on short-term testing (typically less than 28 days) are frequently used to estimate long-term emissions (up to years). However, the applicability of the empirical models for long-term prediction remains unclear in practice. Four empirical models, i.e., two constant models with and without a prerequisite (M1 and M2), a power-law model (M3), and an exponential model (M4), were used to test the applicability of predicting year-long emissions using emission data that were less than one month. The diffusion-based mass-transfer model was used to generate reference emission data with random variations involved to represent measurement errors, etc. For M1 and M2, the discrepancy ratios between the constant emissions and the characteristic average emissions are quantified. For M3 and M4, an additional measure, i.e., normalized mean square error (NMSE), was adopted to statistically study the applicability of using empirical models to predict long-term emissions. The results shown that, first, the NMSE values indicate that M3 prefers slow emissions and generally performs better than M4. However, M4 performs better for predicting year-long emissions for cases with characteristic emission time of one year. Second, both M3 and M4 predict the average life-long emissions reasonably well for most scenarios. Third, while the effects of test duration are less significant for M3 than M4, the early-stage sampling points are more important for better long-term predictions. Additionally, experimental data by National Research Council Canada (NRC) were used to validate the applicability of the empirical models in year-long emission predictions, with the results similar to those from the simulated data. This paper can be used as a reference to select appropriate empirical model(s), as well as the testing duration, to simulate long-term VOC emissions from building materials using short-term testing data. DA - 2016/06/20 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b7194700-58bf-4095-aa66-c12649548ca9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Calculation of flanking sound transmission according to ISO 15712-1: comparison between the simplified and the detailed method DO - 10.1121/1.4949926 AU - Hoeller, Christoph AU - Mahn, Jeffrey AU - Quirt, David T2 - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America SN - 0001-4966 VL - 139 IS - 4 AB - The 2015 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) specifies sound insulation requirements between dwelling units in terms of Apparent Sound Transmission Class (ASTC). The ASTC includes both the direct sound transmission through the separating element between adjacent rooms as well as the sound transmission via flanking paths. One of the ways to establish compliance with the NBCC involves a calculation procedure based on ISO 15712-1, in which the flanking sound transmission is predicted from the measured sound transmission through individual building elements combined with the attenuation at their junction. The calculation can be performed in third-octave bands (“Detailed Method”) or using single-number ratings such as the STC (“Simplified Method”). This presentation will describe the two calculation procedures, before focusing on the differences between. In extended studies at the National Research Council Canada, it was found that the simplified method sometimes leads to misleading results. An alternative method for calculating the ASTC of walls with linings was proposed, which ensures that the simplified method yields more conservative results than the detailed method. To achieve the best possible estimate of the sound insulation performance of buildings systems with linings, the detailed method should be used. DA - 2016/04 PY - 2016 PB - Acoustical Society of America LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 740a1507-38c0-4802-b2b1-cd50623f0a15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A practical method and its applications to prioritize volatile organic compounds emitted from building materials based on ventilation rate requirements and ozone-initiated reactions DO - 10.1177/1420326X16660601 AU - Ye, Wei AU - Won, Doyun AU - Zhang, Xu T2 - Indoor and Built Environment SN - 1420-326X SN - 1423-0070 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 166 EP - 184 AB - Volatile organic compounds emissions from building materials can be a major pollution source in low-occupant-density spaces. Composite-style indoor air quality references, which reflect the combined effects of multiple volatile organic compounds, can be used to determine ventilation rate requirements based on building material emissions. The lowest concentration of interest concept was adopted to implement the idea. Twenty-eight building materials selected from the National Research Council of Canada database were subjected to emission modelling, resulting in 101 volatile organic compounds as a starting volatile organic compound pool. A method was proposed to generate a volatile organic compound priority list that determines ventilation rate requirements while considering ozone-initiated reactions. Three priority lists were obtained based on three lowest concentration of interest schemes, i.e., AFSSET, AgBB and EU-LCI, with each consisting of 17–21 volatile organic compounds that were most likely to attribute to large ventilation rate requirements. Also, analyses of selected volatile organic compounds showed that the changes in the composition of the priority lists due to ozone-initiated reactions could be ignored at a typical indoor ozone concentration level. The application of priority lists was discussed for source control and air cleaning device testing. This paper provides a method to prioritize the chemicals based on ventilation rate requirements with a goal of developing volatile organic compound control strategies at building design stage. DA - 2016/07/22 PY - 2016 PB - Sage LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b89b737c-3f88-46dd-846a-45efa87d8897 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A structural experimental technique to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of concrete under restrained deformations DO - 10.1111/str.12216 AU - Faria, R. AU - Leitão, L. AU - Teixeira, L. AU - Azenha, M. AU - Cusson, D. T2 - Strain SN - 0039-2103 VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - e12216 KW - characterization of concrete KW - modulus of elasticity KW - restrained drying shrinkage KW - tensile creep KW - variable restraint frame AB - An innovative variable restraint frame is proposed to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of concrete under tensile stresses induced by restraints to shrinkage deformations (mainly due to drying). Two concrete specimens with the same cross section are used, subjected to equal thermal and moisture conditions: one is made of plain concrete, to assess the “free” deformations due to shrinkage and temperature; the other is reinforced with two steel threaded rods, which induce a manually controlled axial restraint to shrinkage. The restrained specimen is installed on a reaction frame, being stretched in force control mode. The concrete and the rods are instrumented with strain gauges and temperature sensors, which allow separation of the different components of concrete strains with the aid of equations based on equilibrium and compatibility conditions. This permits identifying the elastic and tensile creep concrete strains, as well as the concrete tensile stresses induced by the restrained shrinkage. The device also allows assessing the concrete modulus of elasticity during the test and remains operational even upon concrete cracking, features of great interest for the intended material characterization. DA - 2016/11/28 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 40e79cdf-ba4c-42f2-ae2f-39f5d648e7f6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk-based decision framework for resilient highway bridges DO - 10.1201/9781315375175-201 AU - Lounis, Z AU - Almansour, H T2 - Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems: Emphasis on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure T3 - The Fifth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Engineering (IALCCE 2016), 16–20 October 2016, Delft, The Netherlands SN - 978-1-138-02847-0 SN - 978-1-4987-7701-8 SP - 1414 EP - 1419 AB - The need for resilient transportation infrastructure requires the use of approaches that take into account the requirements for highway bridges with long service life, adequate structural robustness, minimum traffic disruption and cost over their life cycles. This paper introduces three measures of bridge resilience: (i) service life; (ii) structural robustness; and (iii) life cycle cost, which can be used for the design and management of highway bridges. An example illustrates how different design and rehabilitation approaches can contribute to achieve resilient design of highway bridge structures. DA - 2016/10/05 PY - 2016 PB - CRC Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e8f528b8-b598-495c-8775-736350528c50 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ductility enhancement of concrete members under blast load using CFRP external strengthening DO - 10.1201/9781315375175-347 AU - Alamnsour, Husham AU - Lounis, Zoubir AU - Kadhom, Bessam T2 - Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems T3 - The Fifth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Engineering (IALCCE 2016), 16–20 October 2016, Delft, The Netherlands SN - 978-1-138-02847-0 SN - 978-1-4987-7701-8 SP - 2357 EP - 2364 AB - Columns are the most critical elements in structural systems. They may fail catastrophically in buildings exposed to bomb blast, which could lead to progressive collapse of the entire structure. Past global blast events have shown that preventing progressive collapse would significantly reduce the number of casualties and minimize structural damage. Hence, columns in existing critical facilities must be upgraded to resist the effects of blast loads in order to minimize the risk of fatalities, injuries, and damage costs. To predict the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under blast load, single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dynamic analysis can be used. However, in this analysis the force-displacement relationship (also called resistance function) of the structural member must be identified. An idealized resistance function can be established by simply specifying the moment capacity and the corresponding curvature for the section at different load levels, like yield level (My) and ultimate level (Mu ) and by knowing the equivalent plastic hinge length (Lp). This length can be predicted using one of the models available in the literature. In RC columns exposed to catastrophic events (e.g., significant earthquake, significant blast or impact) plastic hinges form at maximum moment regions where the most damage occurs. Plastic hinge length (Lp) can be defined as the virtual length over which the plastic curvature is assumed to be constant. The rotation over a cantilever RC member can be computed by integrating curvatures along the member length if Lp is known, from which the tip displacement can be computed; and vice versa. For this reason it is essential to predict the plastic hinge length with acceptable accuracy since it is a key step in correlating the section-level response to the member level response of a concrete column. Indeed, the plasticity spreads over a larger physical length, referred to as the yield length (Ly). The yield length is the distance between the critical section and the location where the tension steel reaches its yield stress. Hence, the plastic hinge length can be expressed as Lp= βLy, where β is a dimensionless reduction factor for the curvature distribution near the support and it is always smaller than 1.0. While a large number of studies were carried out to estimate the plastic hinge length formed in un-retrofitted RC beams and columns subjected to monotonic or cyclic loading, only a very limited studies were conducted to investigate the plastic hinge formation mechanism in FRP-jacketed RC columns. No experimental investigation has been conducted so far to compute the plastic hinge length of RC concrete elements exposed to blast effects despite the importance of this parameter in establishing the resistance function. This function in turn is essential in obtaining the blast response of the member using SDOF model. The objective of this paper is to present the experimental evidence of the enhancement of the structural performance of RC columns when retrofitted by CFRP laminate. The focus will be on the ductility enhancement by increasing the deformation capacities and plastic hinges length. This paper presents part of the results of a large study to develop high performance protection systems for concrete columns subjected to blast loads. The results show that columns retrofitted with CFRP laminate have higher blast resistance, significantly higher ductility in terms of longer plastic hinge compared to non-retrofitted columns. Columns retrofitted with CFRP laminate containing woven ±45˚ CFRP fabrics developed longer yield lengths than those that had unidirectional fabrics only when subjected to the same blast loads. Hence, CFRP strengthening laminate including woven ±45˚ CFRP fabric improved the ductility of the column. It can also be concluded that when the applied lateral load is less than the column lateral capacity, the residual axial load reached 95% of the initial applied axial load and the residual deformation at mid height is very small. DA - 2016/10/05 PY - 2016 PB - CRC Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0cbcc7af-059c-46f1-979c-5201683e98f5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - HD 35502: a hierarchical triple system with a magnetic B5IVpe primary DO - 10.1093/mnras/stw1077 AU - Sikora, J. AU - Wade, G. A. AU - Bohlender, D. A. AU - Shultz, M. AU - Adelman, S. J. AU - Alecian, E. AU - Hanes, D. AU - Monin, D. AU - Neiner, C. AU - The MiMeS and BinaMIcS Collaborations T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society SP - 1811 EP - 1828 KW - stars: early-type KW - stars: individual: HD 35502 KW - stars: magnetic field AB - We present our analysis of HD 35502 based on high- and medium-resolution spectropolarimetric observations. Our results indicate that the magnetic B5IVsnp star is the primary component of a spectroscopic triple system and that it has an effective temperature of 18.4 ± 0.6 kK, a mass of 5.7 ± 0.6 M⊙, and a polar radius of 3.0 +1.1 −0.5 R ⊙ 3.0−0.5+1.1R⊙ . The two secondary components are found to be essentially identical A-type stars for which we derive effective temperatures (8.9 ± 0.3 kK), masses (2.1 ± 0.2 M⊙), and radii (2.1 ± 0.4 R⊙). We infer a hierarchical orbital configuration for the system in which the secondary components form a tight binary with an orbital period of 5.668 66(6) d that orbits the primary component with a period of over 40 yr. Least-Squares Deconvolution profiles reveal Zeeman signatures in Stokes V indicative of a longitudinal magnetic field produced by the B star ranging from approximately −4 to 0 kG with a median uncertainty of 0.4 kG. These measurements, along with the line variability produced by strong emission in Hα, are used to derive a rotational period of 0.853 807(3) d. We find that the measured v sin i = 75 ± 5 km s−1 of the B star then implies an inclination angle of the star's rotation axis to the line of sight of 24 +6 −10 ∘ 24−10+6∘ . Assuming the Oblique Rotator Model, we derive the magnetic field strength of the B star's dipolar component ( 14 +9 −3 kG 14−3+9kG ) and its obliquity ( 63±13deg 63±13deg ). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the calculated Alfvén radius ( 41 +17 −6 R ∗ 41−6+17R∗ ) and Kepler radius ( 2.1 +0.4 −0.7 R ∗ 2.1−0.7+0.4R∗ ) place HD 35502's central B star well within the regime of centrifugal magnetosphere-hosting stars. DA - 2016/05/06 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford Academic LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 32e1b0f4-33ad-4f45-ae9f-f4e2b4edd59f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond the boundaries of SMOTE: a framework for manifold-based synthetically oversampling AU - Bellinger, Colin AU - Drummond, Christopher AU - Japkowicz, Nathalie T2 - Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science T3 - Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2016, September 19-23, 2016, Riva del Garda, Italy SN - 0302-9743 SN - 9783319462264 SP - 248 EP - 263 KW - machine learning KW - class imbalance KW - synthetic oversampling KW - manifold and embeddings AB - Problems of class imbalance appear in diverse domains, ranging from gene function annotation to spectra and medical classification. On such problems, the classifier becomes biased in favour of the majority class. This leads to inaccuracy on the important minority classes, such as specific diseases and gene functions. Synthetic oversampling mitigates this by balancing the training set, whilst avoiding the pitfalls of random under and oversampling. The existing methods are primarily based on the SMOTE algorithm, which employs a bias of randomly generating points between nearest neighbours. The relationship between the generative bias and the latent distribution has a significant impact on the performance of the induced classifier. Our research into gamma-ray spectra classification has shown that the generative bias applied by SMOTE is inappropriate for domains that conform to the manifold property, such as spectra, text, image and climate change classification. To this end, we propose a framework for manifold-based synthetic oversampling, and demonstrate its superiority in terms of robustness to the manifold with respect to the AUC on three spectra classification tasks and 16 UCI datasets. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b1787f39-6e92-4586-8155-c85442a2d7c2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maximizing the biomethane yield from algal biomass by integrating hydrothermal posttreatment of the anaerobic solid digestate AU - Nuchdang, Sasikarn AU - Frigon, Jean-Claude AU - Roy, Caroline AU - Pilon, Guillaume AU - Phalakornkule, Chantaraporn AU - Guiot, Serge R. T2 - Proceedings Venice2016, Sixth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, 14-17 November 2016, Great School of St. John the Evangelist, Venice, Italy T3 - Venice2016, Sixth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, 14-17 November 2016, Venice, Italy KW - microalgae KW - degradation KW - wet oxidation KW - hydrothermal carbonization KW - biomethane KW - anaerobic digestion AB - As an alternative to applying the hydrothermal treatment to the raw algal feedstock before the anaerobic digestion (i.e. pre-treatment), one considered a post- treatment scenario where anaerobic digestion is directly used as the primary treatment while the hydrothermal treatment is thereafter applied to the digestate. Hydrothermal treatments such as wet oxidation (WetOx) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) were compared at a temperature of 200°C, for initial pressure of 0.1 and 0.82 MPa, and no holding time after the process had reached the temperature setpoint. Both WetOx and HTC resulted in a substantial solids conversion (47% with HTC; 64-83% with WetOx) into soluble products, while some carbon loss was observed (20-33%). This generated high soluble products concentrations (from 6.2 to 10.9 g soluble chemical oxygen demand/L). Biomethane potential tests showed that these hydrothermal treatments allowed for a 4-fold improvement of the digestate anaerobic biodegradability, with a methane potential of about 200 LSTP CH4/kg volatile solids when based on the organic content of the untreated digestate. DA - 2016/11/14 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : eec725a4-7834-4f91-9c87-5f2dbf533654 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solution to Mohr’s method challenge DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-9555-3 AU - Meija, Juris AU - Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, Anna Maria AU - Michałowski, Tadeusz T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 408 IS - 17 SP - 4469 EP - 4471 DA - 2016/06/15 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : eb6a1158-68b0-4b79-9c0f-810b5d5c245b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mohr’s method challenge DO - 10.1007/s00216-015-9273-2 AU - Meija, Juris AU - Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, Anna Maria AU - Michałowski, Tadeusz T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 408 IS - 7 SP - 1721 EP - 1722 DA - 2016/03 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 6f917343-cc25-44c4-8f6c-9caeff536593 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anisotropic permeability in deterministic lateral displacement arrays AU - Vernekar, Rohan AU - Krüger, Timm AU - Loutherback, Kevin AU - Morton, Keith AU - Inglis, David T2 - Fluid Dynamics SP - arXiv:1610.08427 AB - We investigate anisotropic permeability of microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) arrays. A DLD array can achieve high-resolution bimodal size-based separation of micro-particles, including bioparticles such as cells. Correct operation requires that the fluid flow remains at a fixed angle with respect to the periodic obstacle array. We show via experiments and lattice-Boltzmann simulations that subtle array design features cause anisotropic permeability. The anisotropy, which indicates the array's intrinsic tendency to induce an undesired lateral pressure gradient, can lead to off-axis flows and therefore local changes in the critical separation size. Thus, particle trajectories can become unpredictable and the device useless for the desired separation duty. We show that for circular posts the rotated-square layout, unlike the parallelogram layout, does not suffer from anisotropy and is the preferred geometry. Furthermore, anisotropy becomes severe for arrays with unequal axial and lateral gaps between obstacle posts and highly asymmetrical post shapes. DA - 2016/10/26 PY - 2016 PB - Cornell University Library UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.08427 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5e60f1fb-d78c-47b9-8e8f-1a8504d20d90 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smart phone based occupancy detection in office buildings DO - 10.1109/CSCWD.2016.7566063 AU - Shen, Weiming AU - Newsham, Guy T2 - 2016 IEEE 20th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD) T3 - 2016 IEEE 20th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 4-6 May 2016, Nanchang, China KW - bluetooth KW - office buildings KW - energy conservation KW - occupancy detection KW - smart phone AB - A recent literature review shows that approximately 20-50% of energy/cost savings are possible in office buildings when accurate occupancy information is applied to the control of building energy systems. Implicit occupancy sensing, by extracting occupancy data from systems already in the building rather than from those explicitly designed to collect occupancy information, has the potential to provide high-enough accuracy for building energy management with lower costs compared to traditional explicit sensing approaches. Since more and more office workers today carry smart phones, we conducted a proof-of-concept study to explore the feasibility of using smart phone Bluetooth signals for office occupancy detection. The objective is to use existing IT infrastructure to detect occupancy to enhance building control functions while protecting office worker privacy. This paper presents some preliminary results of our recent investigation in this direction. The experimental results are very promising. DA - 2016/09/15 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ea28dc1b-aa14-4f90-9d28-d238d7875560 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implicit occupancy detection for energy conservation in commercial buildings: a review DO - 10.1109/CSCWD.2016.7566062 AU - Shen, Weiming AU - Newsham, Guy T2 - 2016 IEEE 20th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD) T3 - 2016 IEEE 20th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), 4-6 May 2016, Nanchang, China KW - decision support systems KW - sensors KW - data integration KW - spatial resolution KW - building services KW - real-time systems AB - The key to saving energy in commercial buildings is to deliver building services only when and where they are needed, in the amount that they are needed. Given that building services are usually employed to provide occupants with satisfactory indoor conditions, it is therefore important to accurately detect the occupancy of building spaces in real time. This paper starts with some discussion on building occupancy resolution and accuracy as well as a brief introduction to traditional explicit occupancy detection approaches. The focus of this paper is on the review and classification of emerging, potentially low-cost approaches to leveraging existing data streams that may be related to occupancy, sometimes referred to as implicit / ambient / soft sensing approaches. About 40 related projects / systems are reviewed and compared in terms of occupancy sensing type, occupancy resolution, accuracy, ground truth data collection method, demonstration scale, data fusion and control strategies. It also briefly discusses technology trends, research challenges, and future directions. DA - 2016/09/15 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1bdee0f3-037b-4d95-bfc9-990852bad7bf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Special issue editorial on advances in collaborative systems engineering for product design, production and service network DO - 10.1007/s11518-016-5313-5 AU - Trappey, Amy J. C. AU - Shen, Weiming AU - Cha, John Jianzhong T2 - Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering SN - 1004-3756 SN - 1861-9576 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 139 EP - 141 DA - 2016/05/14 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 73a129ea-6c80-47b7-a515-2ba7a82fddaa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Laser ablation electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry for regulatory screening of domoic acid in shellfish DO - 10.1002/rcm.7725 AU - Beach, Daniel G. AU - Walsh, Callee M. AU - Cantrell, Pamela AU - Rourke, Wade A. AU - O'Brien, Sinead AU - Reeves, Kelley AU - McCarron, Pearse T2 - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry SN - 0951-4198 SN - 1097-0231 VL - 30 IS - 22 SP - 2379 EP - 2446 AB - Rationale: Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in shellfish. Routine testing involves homogenization, extraction and chromatographic analysis, with a run time of up to 30 min. Improving throughput using ambient ionization for direct analysis of DA in tissue would result in significant time savings for regulatory testing labs. Methods: We assess the suitability of laser ablation electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LAESI-HRMS) for high-throughput screening or quantitation of DA in a variety of shellfish matrices. The method was first optimized for use with HRMS detection. Challenges such as tissue sub-sampling, isobaric interferences and method calibration were considered and practical solutions developed. Samples included 189 real shellfish samples previously analyzed by regulatory labs as well as mussel matrix certified reference materials. Results: Domoic acid was selectively analyzed directly from shellfish tissue homogenates with a run time of 12 s. The limits of detection were between 0.24 and 1.6 mg DA kg−1 tissue, similar to those of LC/UV methods. The precision was between 27 and 44% relative standard deviation (RSD), making the technique more suited to screening than direct quantitation. LAESI-MS showed good agreement with LC/UV and LC/MS and was capable of identifying samples above and below 5 mg DA kg−1 wet shellfish tissue, one quarter of the regulatory limit. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the suitability of LAESI-MS for routine, high-throughput screening of DA. This approach could result in significant time savings for regulatory labs carrying out shellfish safety testing on thousands of samples annually. DA - 2016/10/10 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 93594999-e608-49d5-8692-7433e16bce99 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular basis for recognition of the cancer glycobiomarker, LacdiNAc (GalNAc[β1→4]GlcNAc), by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin DO - 10.1074/jbc.M116.750463 AU - Haji-Ghassemi, O AU - Gilbert, M. AU - Spence, J. AU - Schur, M. J. AU - Parker, M. J. AU - Jenkins, M. L. AU - Burke, J. E. AU - Van Faassen, H. AU - Young, N. M. AU - Evans, S. V. T2 - Journal of Biological Chemistry SN - 0021-9258 SN - 1083-351X VL - 291 IS - 46 SP - 24085 EP - 24095 KW - biomarker KW - cancer KW - carbohydrate KW - carbohydrate-binding protein KW - lectin KW - structural biology KW - x-ray crystallography KW - agglutinin KW - glycobiomarker AB - Aberrant glycosylation and the overexpression of specific carbohydrate epitopes is a hallmark of many cancers, and tumor-associated oligosaccharides are actively investigated as targets for immunotherapy and diagnostics. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) is a legume lectin that recognizes terminal N-acetylgalactosaminides with high affinity. WFA preferentially binds the disaccharide LacdiNAc (β-d-GalNAc-[1→4]-d-GlcNAc), which is associated with tumor malignancy in leukemia, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, and liver cancers and has shown promise in cancer glycobiomarker detection. The mechanism of specificity for WFA recognition of LacdiNAc is not fully understood. To address this problem, we have determined affinities and structure of WFA in complex with GalNAc and LacdiNAc. Affinities toward Gal, GalNAc, and LacdiNAc were measured via surface plasmon resonance, yielding KD values of 4.67 × 10-4 m, 9.24 × 10-5 m, and 5.45 × 10-6 m, respectively. Structures of WFA in complex with LacdiNAc and GalNAc have been determined to 1.80-2.32 Å resolution. These high resolution structures revealed a hydrophobic groove complementary to the GalNAc and, to a minor extent, to the back-face of the GlcNAc sugar ring. Remarkably, the contribution of this small hydrophobic surface significantly increases the observed affinity for LacdiNAc over GalNAc. Tandem MS sequencing confirmed the presence of two isolectin forms in commercially available WFA differing only in the identities of two amino acids. Finally, the WFA carbohydrate binding site is similar to a homologous lectin isolated from Vatairea macrocarpa in complex with GalNAc, which, unlike WFA, binds not only αGalNAc but also terminal Ser/Thr O-linked αGalNAc (Tn antigen). DA - 2016/11/11 PY - 2016 PB - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 83b326d4-bbdd-4358-a4e8-e9b6e61b2e76 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feeding bacteria inhabiting oil reservoirs may enhance oil production DO - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.014 AU - Kryachko, Yuriy AU - Hemmingsen, Sean M. AB - Bacteria live in oil reservoirs and eat the oil. Some of them are known to produce surface active molecules (biosurfactants), which act as detergents. Biosurfactants may help produce more oil through breaking globs of oil trapped in rock pores into small droplets, which can be driven out of an oil reservoir with either water flood or gas flood. Not all microbes that live in a reservoir can produce biosurfactants, and the challenge is to find those that can produce them and to stimulate their growth. We analyzed DNA extracted from oil field samples provided by our industrial partner and found that some DNA sequences belonged to Pseudomonas and Bacillus species, which were previously shown to produce biosurfactants. DA - 2016/12/12 PY - 2016 PB - Atlas of Science UR - https://atlasofscience.org/feeding-bacteria-inhabiting-oil-reservoirs-may-enhance-oil-production/ LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d8c4b55d-10c0-4a14-829e-2f4896847148 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enrichment and identification of biosurfactant-producing oil field microbiota utilizing electron acceptors other than oxygen and nitrate DO - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.014 AU - Kryachko, Y. AU - Semler, D. AU - Vogrinetz, J. AU - Lemke, M. AU - Links, M. G. AU - McCarthy, E. L. AU - Haug, B. AU - Hemmingsen, S. M. T2 - Journal of Biotechnology SN - 0168-1656 SN - 1873-4863 VL - 231 SP - 9 EP - 15 KW - interfacial tension; microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR); microbial community; cpn60 AB - Microorganisms indigenous to an oil reservoir were grown in media containing either sucrose or proteins in four steel vessels under anoxic conditions at 30 °C and 8.3 MPa for 30 days, to enrich biosurfactant producers. Fermentation of substrate was possible in the protein-containing medium and either fermentation or respiration through reduction of sulfate occurred in the sucrose-containing medium. Growth of microorganisms led to 3.4–5.4-fold surface tension reduction indicating production of biosurfactants in amounts sufficient for enhancement of gas-driven oil recovery. Analysis of sequenced cpn60 amplicons showed that Pseudomonas sp. highly similar to biosurfactant producing P. fluorescens and to Pseudomonas sp. strain TKP predominated, and a bacterium highly similar to biosurfactant producing Bacillus mojavensis was present in vessels. Analysis of 16S rDNA amplicons allowed only genus-level identification of these bacteria. Thus, cpn60-amplicon analysis was a more relevant tool for identification of putative biosurfactant producers than 16S rDNA-amplicon analysis. DA - 2016/05/19 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c4499902-694c-4c25-99b2-374e4a2944c6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Brassinosteriod Insensitive 2 (BIN2) acts as a downstream effector of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway to regulate photoautotrophic growth in Arabidopsis DO - 10.1111/nph.14118 AU - Xiong, Fangjie AU - Zhang, Rui AU - Meng, Zhigang AU - Deng, Kexuan AU - Que, Yumei AU - Zhuo, Fengping AU - Feng, Li AU - Guo, Sundui AU - Datla, Raju AU - Ren, Maozhi T2 - New Phytologist SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 213 IS - 1 SP - 233 EP - 249 KW - active-site TOR inhibitors (asTORis); Arabidopsis; Brassinosteriod Insensitive 2 (BIN2); photoautotrophic growth; Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (S6K2); target of rapamycin (TOR) AB - •The components of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway have been well characterized in heterotrophic organisms from yeast to humans. However, because of rapamycin insensitivity, embryonic lethality in tor null mutants and a lack of reliable ways of detecting TOR protein kinase in higher plants, the key players upstream and downstream of TOR remain largely unknown in plants. •Using engineered rapamycin-sensitive Binding Protein 12-2 (BP12-2) plants, the present study showed that combined treatment with rapamycin and active-site TOR inhibitors (asTORis) results in synergistic inhibition of TOR activity and plant growth in Arabidopsis. •Based on this system, we revealed that TOR signaling plays a crucial role in modulating the transition from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic growth in Arabidopsis. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (S6K2) was identified as a direct downstream target of TOR, and the growth of TOR-suppressed plants could be rescued by up-regulating S6K2. Systems, genetic, and biochemical analyses revealed that Brassinosteriod Insensitive 2 (BIN2) acts as a novel downstream effector of S6K2, and the phosphorylation of BIN2 depends on TOR-S6K2 signaling in Arabidopsis. •By combining pharmacological with genetic and biochemical approaches, we determined that the TOR-S6K2-BIN2 signaling pathway plays important roles in regulating the photoautotrophic growth of Arabidopsis. DA - 2016/08/01 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 203604f7-e187-4e27-825d-5d9bf277e40e ER - TY - JOUR TI - SemEval-2016 task 6: detecting stance in tweets DO - 10.18653/v1/S16-1003 AU - Mohammad, Saif AU - Kiritchenko, Svetlana AU - Sobhani, Parinaz AU - Zhu, Xiaodan AU - Cherry, Colin T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016) T3 - 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016), 16-17 June 2016, San Diego, California, USA SP - 31 EP - 41 AB - Here for the first time we present a shared task on detecting stance from tweets: given a tweet and a target entity (person, organization, etc.), automatic natural language systems must determine whether the tweeter is in favor of the given target, against the given target, or whether neither inference is likely. The target of interest may or may not be referred to in the tweet, and it may or may not be the tar- get of opinion. Two tasks are proposed. Task A is a traditional supervised classification task where 70% of the annotated data for a target is used as training and the rest for testing. For Task B, we use as test data all of the instances for a new target (not used in task A) and no training data is provided. Our shared task received submissions from 19 teams for Task A and from 9 teams for Task B. The highest classification F-score obtained was 67.82 for Task A and 56.28 for Task B. However, systems found it markedly more difficult to infer stance towards the target of interest from tweets that express opinion towards another entity. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics CY - Stroudsburg, PA, USA LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3aeec8d1-d42c-44ff-aa3b-040c56fe629a ER - TY - JOUR TI - SemEval-2016 task 7: determining sentiment intensity of English and Arabic phrases DO - 10.18653/v1/S16-1004 AU - Kiritchenko, Svetlana AU - Mohammad, Saif AU - Salameh, Mohammad T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016) T3 - 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016), 16-17 June 2016, San Diego, California, USA SP - 42 EP - 51 AB - We present a shared task on automatically determining sentiment intensity of a word or a phrase. The words and phrases are taken from three domains: general English, English Twit-ter, and Arabic Twitter. The phrases include those composed of negators, modals, and degree adverbs as well as phrases formed by words with opposing polarities. For each of the three domains, we assembled the datasets that include multi-word phrases and their constituent words, both manually annotated for real-valued sentiment intensity scores. The three datasets were presented as the test sets for three separate tasks (each focusing on a specific domain). Five teams submitted nine system outputs for the three tasks. All datasets created for this shared task are freely available to the research community. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f75408dc-0a13-42f6-968f-154cd3f7c5d6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Capturing reliable fine-grained sentiment associations by crowdsourcing and best–worst scaling DO - 10.18653/v1/N16-1095 AU - Kiritchenko, Svetlana AU - Mohammad, Saif M. T2 - Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies T3 - 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, June 2016, San Diego, California, USA SP - 811 EP - 817 AB - Access to word-sentiment associations is useful for many applications, including sentiment analysis, stance detection, and linguistic analysis. However, manually assigning fine-grained sentiment association scores to words has many challenges with respect to keeping annotations consistent. We apply the annotation technique of Best-Worst Scaling to obtain real-valued sentiment association scores for words and phrases in four different domains: English Twitter, Arabic Twitter, English sentiment modifiers, and English opposing polarity phrases. We show that on all four domains the ranking of words by sentiment remains remarkably consistent even when the annotation process is repeated with a different set of annotators. We use these fine-grained word-sentiment associations in three ways. First, we analyze human perception of sentiment and calculate the minimal difference in sentiment that is detectable by native speakers. This least perceptible difference helps in our second objective: studying sentiment composition in phrases that include common sentiment modifiers (such as negators, modals, and degree adverbs) and in phrases that include words of opposing polarities. Changes in sentiment incurred in phrases are considered significant only if they exceed the least perceptible difference. Finally, as part of a SemEval-2016 shared task, we use the manually determined sentiment associations to evaluate automatically generated sentiment lexicons. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 18bb0659-18c8-434d-a4ff-b2279a2c76ec ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sentiment composition of words with opposing polarities DO - 10.18653/v1/N16-1128 AU - Kiritchenko, Svetlana AU - Mohammad, Saif M. T2 - Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies T3 - 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, June 2016, San Diego, California, USA SP - 1102 EP - 1108 AB - In this paper, we explore sentiment composition in phrases that have at least one positive and at least one negative word—phrases like happy accident and best winter break. We compiled a dataset of such opposing polarity phrases and manually annotated them with real-valued scores of sentiment association. Using this dataset, we analyze the linguistic patterns present in opposing polarity phrases. Finally, we apply several unsupervised and supervised techniques of sentiment composition to determine their efficacy on this dataset. Our best system, which incorporates information from the phrase’s constituents, their parts of speech, their sentiment association scores, and their embedding vectors, obtains an accuracy of over 80% on the opposing polarity phrases. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 94d1e786-a373-44e9-b816-b75e2c157f59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detecting stance in tweets and analyzing its interaction with sentiment DO - 10.18653/v1/S16-2021 AU - Sobhani, Parinaz AU - Mohammad, Saif AU - Kiritchenko, Svetlana T2 - Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics T3 - Fifth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics, August 2016, Berlin, Germany AB - One may express favor (or disfavor) towards a target by using positive or negative language. Here for the first time we present a dataset of tweets annotated for whether the tweeter is in favor of or against pre-chosen targets, as well as for sentiment. These targets may or may not be referred to in the tweets, and they may or may not be the target of opinion in the tweets. We develop a simple stance detection system that outper-forms all 19 teams that participated in a recent shared task competition on the same dataset (SemEval-2016 Task #6). Additionally , access to both stance and sentiment annotations allows us to conduct several experiments to tease out their interactions. We show that while sentiment features are useful for stance classification, they alone are not sufficient. We also show the impacts of various features on detecting stance and sentiment, respectively. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 84476721-b81e-4280-91e7-8ed2f5de4712 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of negators, modals, and degree adverbs on sentiment composition DO - 10.18653/v1/W16-0410 AU - Kiritchenko, Svetlana AU - Mohammad, Saif T2 - Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis T3 - 7th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis, June 2016, San Diego, California SP - 43 EP - 52 AB - Negators, modals, and degree adverbs can significantly affect the sentiment of the words they modify. Often, their impact is modeled with simple heuristics; although, recent work has shown that such heuristics do not capture the true sentiment of multi-word phrases. We created a dataset of phrases that include various negators, modals, and degree adverbs, as well as their combinations. Both the phrases and their constituent content words were annotated with real-valued scores of sentiment association. Using phrasal terms in the created dataset, we analyze the impact of individual modifiers and the average effect of the groups of modifiers on overall sentiment. We find that the effect of modifiers varies substantially among the members of the same group. Furthermore , each individual modifier can affect sentiment words in different ways. Therefore, solutions based on statistical learning seem more promising than fixed hand-crafted rules on the task of automatic sentiment prediction. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2c709c7d-e2f8-4941-93b5-0c65f4c978f1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Altering the central carbon metabolism of HEK293 cells: impact on recombinant glycoprotein quality DO - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.12.003 AU - Karengera, Eric AU - Robotham, Anna AU - Kelly, John AU - Durocher, Yves AU - De crescenzo, Gregory AU - Henry, Olivier T2 - Journal of Biotechnology SN - 0168-1656 VL - 242 SP - 73 EP - 82 KW - protein quality; HEK293 cells; PYC2-overexpression; O-Glycosylation AB - The accumulation of metabolic by-products remains a critical challenge in the development of mammalian cells culture processes as it impacts cellular growth, productivity and product quality. Although the overexpression of the PYC2 gene was shown to significantly improve the nutrient metabolism efficiency of mammalian cells, its impact on recombinant protein quality has not been investigated yet. In this study, we assess the effect of this metabolic engineering strategy on the quality of a recombinant therapeutic glycoprotein, the human interferon α2b (IFNα2b). As inferred from densitometry analysis of SDS-PAGE gels, PYC2-overexpressing cells sustained a higher percentage of intact glycosylated IFNα2b at the late stage of batch cultures, which was correlated with prolonged viability and reduced accumulation of waste metabolites. Contrarily to the IFNα2b produced by the PYC2 cells, LC–MS analysis confirmed the presence of less glycosylated IFNα2b as well as the occurrence of proteolytic cleavage in the IFNα2b produced in the parental cells. Taken together, these results indicate that PYC2-overexpression in mammalian cells leads to extended favorable conditions for glycosylation and offer an attractive approach to mass-produce high-quality recombinant proteins. DA - 2016/12/07 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e9bb903b-f264-4ff3-8665-92ee31fa4367 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Potential applications of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy DO - 10.1080/21645515.2016.1245251 AU - Jia, Yimei AU - Omri, Abdelwahab AU - Krishnan, Lakshmi AU - Mccluskie, Michael J. T2 - Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics SN - 2164-5515 SN - 2164-554X VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 63 EP - 74 KW - cancer; delivery system; immunotherapy; immunomodulation; nanoparticles AB - In recent years considerable progress has been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy whereby treatments that modulate the body's own immune system are used to combat cancer. This has the potential to not only elicit strong anti-cancer immune responses which can break pre-existing tolerance and help promote tumor regression, but could also induce immunological memory which may help prevent tumor recurrence. In order to ensure effective delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, such as vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents and nucleic acids, a safe and effective delivery system is often required. One such approach is the use of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs), such as liposomes, polymers, micelles, dendrimers, inorganic NPs, and hybrid NPs, which have the potential to combine the delivery of a diverse range of therapeutic immunomodulators thereby increasing the efficacy of tumor cell killing. This review focuses on recent progress in NP-mediated immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. DA - 2016/11/21 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 4a91f7f2-da99-49e0-a8aa-41ad974026d4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Total biosynthesis of legionaminic acid, a bacterial sialic acid analogue DO - 10.1002/anie.201606006 AU - Hassan, Mohamed I. AU - Lundgren, Benjamin R. AU - Chaumun, Michael AU - Whitfield, Dennis M. AU - Clark, Brady AU - Schoenhofen, Ian C. AU - Boddy, Christopher N. T2 - Angewandte Chemie International Edition SN - 1433-7851 VL - 55 IS - 39 SP - 12018 EP - 12021 AB - Legionaminic acid, Leg5,7Ac2, a nonulosonic acid like 5-acetamido neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, sialic acid), is found in cell surface glycoconjugates of bacteria including the pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Acinetobacter baumanii and Legionella pneumophila. The presence of Leg5,7Ac2 has been correlated with virulence in humans by mechanisms that likely involve subversion of the host's immune system or interactions with host cell surfaces due to its similarity to Neu5Ac. Investigation into its role in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity is limited as there are no effective sources of it. Herein, we construct a de novo Leg5,7Ac2 biosynthetic pathway by combining multiple metabolic modules from three different microbial sources (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. jejuni, and L. pneumophila). Over-expression of this de novo pathway in Escherichia coli that has been engineered to lack two native catabolic pathways, enables significant quantities of Leg5,7Ac2 (≈120 mg L−1 of culture broth) to be produced. Pure Leg5,7Ac2 could be isolated and converted into CMP-activated sugar for biochemical applications and a phenyl thioglycoside for chemical synthesis applications. This first total biosynthesis provides an essential source of Leg5,7Ac2 enabling study of its role in prokaryotic and eukaryotic glycobiology. DA - 2016/08/19 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a7bc358a-f8a6-4eda-a128-8b36c4e5a254 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of solvated interaction energy function for ranking antibody–antigen binding affinities DO - 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00043 AU - Sulea, Traian AU - Vivcharuk, Victor AU - Corbeil, Christopher R. AU - Deprez, Christophe AU - Purisima, Enrico O. T2 - Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling SN - 1549-9596 SN - 1549-960X VL - 56 IS - 7 SP - 1292 EP - 1303 AB - Affinity modulation of antibodies and antibody fragments of therapeutic value is often required in order to improve their clinical efficacies. Virtual affinity maturation has the potential to quickly focus on the critical hotspot residues without the combinatorial explosion problem of conventional display and library approaches. However, this requires a binding affinity scoring function that is capable of ranking single-point mutations of a starting antibody. We focus here on assessing the solvated interaction energy (SIE) function that was originally developed for and is widely applied to scoring of protein–ligand binding affinities. To this end, we assembled a structure–function data set called Single-Point Mutant Antibody Binding (SiPMAB) comprising several antibody–antigen systems suitable for this assessment, i.e., based on high-resolution crystal structures for the parent antibodies and coupled with high-quality binding affinity measurements for sets of single-point antibody mutants in each system. Using this data set, we tested the SIE function with several mutation protocols based on the popular methods SCWRL, Rosetta, and FoldX. We found that the SIE function coupled with a protocol limited to sampling only the mutated side chain can reasonably predict relative binding affinities with a Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient of about 0.6, outperforming more aggressive sampling protocols. Importantly, this performance is maintained for each of the seven system-specific component subsets as well as for other relevant subsets including non-alanine and charge-altering mutations. The transferability and enrichment in affinity-improving mutants can be further enhanced using consensus ranking over multiple methods, including the SIE, Talaris, and FOLDEF energy functions. The knowledge gained from this study can lead to successful prospective applications of virtual affinity maturation. DA - 2016/07/01 PY - 2016 PB - American Chemical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 843145f1-2034-449e-bf44-6c38d5296be9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application of the Protein Maker as a platform purification system for therapeutic antibody research and development DO - 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.06.001 AU - Hélie, Geneviève AU - Parat, Marie AU - Massé, Frédéric AU - Gerdts, Cory J. AU - Loisel, Thomas P. AU - Matte, Allan T2 - Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal SN - 2001-0370 VL - 14 SP - 238 EP - 244 KW - parallelized protein purification; antibody; protein A; protein G; hybridoma; process development AB - Within the research and development environment, higher throughput, parallelized protein purification is required for numerous activities, from small scale purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fragments for in vitro and in vivo assays to process development and optimization for manufacturing. Here, we describe specific applications and associated workflows of the Protein Maker liquid handling system utilized in both of these contexts. To meet the requirements for various in vitro assays, for the identification and validation of new therapeutic targets, small quantities of large numbers of purified antibodies or antibody fragments are often required. Reducing host cell proteins (HCP) levels following capture with Protein A by evaluating various wash buffers is an example of how parallelized protein purification can be leveraged to improve a process development outcome. Stability testing under various conditions of in-process intermediates, as an example, the mAb product from a clarified harvest, requires parallelized protein purification to generate concurrent samples for downstream assays. We have found that the Protein Maker can be successfully utilized for small-to-mid scale platform purification or for process development applications to generate the necessary purified protein samples. The ability to purify and buffer exchange up to 24 samples in parallel offers a significant reduction in time and cost per sample compared to serial purification using a traditional FPLC system. By combining the Protein Maker purification system with a TECAN Freedom EVO liquid handler for automated buffer exchange we have created a new, integrated platform for a variety of protein purification and process development applications. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 54e12bac-fc99-4892-9b78-f35fb548eef6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Host resistance to intranasal Acinetobacter baumannii reinfection in mice DO - 10.1093/femspd/ftw048 AU - Qiu, Hongyu AU - Li, Zack AU - Kuolee, Rhonda AU - Harris, Greg AU - Gao, Xiaoling AU - Yan, Hongbin AU - Xu, H. Howard AU - Chen, Wangxue T2 - Pathogens and Disease SN - 2049-632X SN - 2049-632X VL - 74 IS - 5 SP - ftw048 KW - Acinetobacter baumannii; reinfection; host defense; pneumonia AB - Acinetobacter baumannii is a major causative agent of healthcare-associated infection and develops multidrug resistance rapidly. However, little is known in the host defense mechanisms against this infection. In this study, we examined if mice recovered from a previous intranasal A. baumannii infection (recovered mice) are fully protected against a subsequent reinfection. We found that, despite the presence of specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses prior to the reinfection, the recovered mice were only marginally better protected against intranasal challenge with low doses of homologous or heterologous A. baumannii strains than the naïve mice. Post-challenge immune and inflammatory (cells and cytokines) responses were generally comparable between recovered and naïve mice although the recovered mice produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-γ and IL-17 and had higher percentages and numbers of resident lung CD44(hi)CD62L(-)CD4(+) and CD19(+) B lymphocytes. Taken together, our results suggest that mice recovered from a previous A. baumannii infection remain susceptible to reinfection, indicating the complexity of immune protection mechanism for this Gram-negative, multidrug-resistant emerging pathogen. DA - 2016/05/17 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : da6080f6-5915-4199-b699-9cbf4538158e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermal neutron scattering cross section measurements of light and heavy water DO - 10.12943/CNR.2016.00008 AU - Li, Gang AU - Bentoumi, Ghaouti AU - Tun, Zin AU - Li, Liqian AU - Sur, Bhaskar T2 - CNL Nuclear Review SN - 2369-6923 SN - 2369-6931 KW - thermal neutron scattering; cross section; triple-axis spectrometer AB - Thermal neutron scattering cross-section measurements of heavy water (D2O) under ambient conditions were performed, for the first time, using a triple-axis spectrometer at the NRU reactor. The total cross section (σtot), as well as single (dσ/dΩ) and double differential (d2σ/dΩdE) scattering cross-sections were measured. Incident neutron energies from 15 meV to 50 meV, and scattering angles from 10° to 110° were covered. The experimental techniques and a new data analysis method based on Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the absolute cross sections are discussed, and the resulting cross-sections are compared with the Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF/B-VII). A discrepancy between the existing data and the ENDF/B-VII evaluation was confirmed and resolved by a new model that was developed recently. DA - 2016/07/26 PY - 2016 PB - Canadian Science Publishing LA - eng N1 - yes C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ea0fa0d3-5e6a-41f7-aa27-bc1ff95794ae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deformation of the wave field interacting with offshore platforms: comparison between the corresponding results from a numerical model and a wave tank DO - 10.1115/OMAE2016-54329 AU - Zaman, M. Hasanat AU - Akinturk, Ayhan T2 - ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering T3 - The ASME 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, OMAE2016, June 19-24, 2016, Busan, South Korea SN - 978-0-7918-4994-1 VL - Volume 3, Structures, Safety and Reliability SP - OMAE2016-54329 SP - V003T02A047 KW - deformation; computer simulation; waves; offshore platforms AB - In the present research, a 3D dispersive numerical model has been developed and utilized to study the modification of the wave field in the presence of offshore structure. The Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) algorithm has been employed for the solution of the governing equations. Relevant experiments are carried out in the Offshore Engineering Basin (OEB) of National Research Council (NRC) Canada. OEB is a 3D heavy duty 75m × 32m × 2.8m test facility equipped with modern data acquisition and tracking devices to record experimental data. Total 10 wave probes are deployed to measure the data at different locations in the Basin. Later the numerical results are compared with the experimental results. The comparisons of the numerical results show great agreement with the experimental results. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - The American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b41fd364-db02-490c-af78-ed0a35343e8e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marine transportation risks and rewards for mines and stakeholders in the Canadian North AU - Charlebois, L. AU - Kubat, I. T2 - Proceedings of Risk and Resilience Mining Solutions, November 14-16, 2016, Vancouver, Canada T3 - Risk and Resilience Mining Solution, 2016, 14-16 November, 2016, Vancouver Canada AB - The shipment of ore and supplies through sub-Arctic and Arctic waters is a vital activity for Northern mines. Marine transportation is steadily intensifying with the development of exceptional resources and year-round windows of operation for ice-capable ships. All stakeholders are exposed to some level of risk during these operations. Chartered ore carriers assume the uncertainty of navigation through poorly charted waterways with highly variable sea ice and weather conditions, all of which can result in the loss of property and personnel or damage to the environment. Miners assume significant financial and reputational risk in these situations. Underwriters risk considerable payouts for lost cargo and salvage operations. Northern communities and other commercial operators depend on the viability of a unique and sensitive marine-terrestrial ecosystem as well as reliably navigable waterways and ice-ways. Frequently, operational support and emergency response is constrained by scheduling conflicts and the vast Northern geography. Successful operators leverage their access to prized ore with accelerated delivery to international customers and reliable and economical camp re-supply. Communities may benefit from economic activity, infrastructure development and concentrated efforts in icebreaking, traffic routing, and search and rescue operations. In an environment where data is scarce and models uncertain, local knowledge and mariner experience form the backbone of a thoughtful risk management process. Combined with historical records of hazardous conditions, a picture of shipping risk for Northern mines and stakeholders can be established. This paper first presents a brief summary of mine-related shipping in Northern waters and potential future developments in this industry. Next, marine shipping hazards are introduced with emphasis on vessel safety and environmental protection. Briefly, Northern waters’ regulations and insurance considerations are described as risk control and risk financing instruments. Potential community impacts, both positive and negative, are highlighted along with considerations in a changing climate. Finally, risk communication is discussed in the context of the National Research Council’s Canadian Arctic Shipping Risk Assessment System (CASRAS). DA - 2016/11 PY - 2016 PB - InfoMine LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 15d714bd-48da-4421-be30-8f802850de4b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacological characterization of emerging synthetic cannabinoids in HEK293T cells and hippocampal neurons DO - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.040 AU - Costain, Willard J. AU - Tauskela, Joseph S. AU - Rasquinha, Ingrid AU - Comas, Tanya AU - Hewitt, Melissa AU - Marleau, Vincent AU - Soo, Evelyn C. T2 - European Journal of Pharmacology SN - 0014-2999 VL - 786 SP - 234 EP - 245 KW - synthetic cannabinoid; cannabinoid receptor; HEK293; neurons; cAMP; calcium AB - There has been a worldwide proliferation of synthetic cannabinoids that have become marketed as legal alternatives to cannabis (marijuana). Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information about the pharmacological effects of many of these emerging synthetic cannabinoids (ESCs), which presents a challenge for regulatory authorities that need to take such scientific evidence into consideration in order to regulate ECSs as controlled substances. We aimed to characterize the pharmacological properties of ten ESCs using two cell based assays that enabled the determination of potency and efficacy relative to a panel of well-characterized cannabinoids. Agonist-mediated inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels was monitored in live HEK293T cells transfected with human cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and pGloSensor-22F. Pharmacological analysis of this data indicated that all of the ESCs tested were full agonists, with the following rank order of potency: Win 55212–2≈5F-PB-22≈AB-PINACA≈EAM-2201≈MAM-2201>JWH-250≈ PB-22>AKB48 N-(5FP)>AKB-48≈STS-135>XLR-11. Assessment of agonist-stimulated depression of Ca2+ transients was also used to confirm the efficacy of five ESCs (XLR-11, JWH-250, AB-PINACA, 5F-PB-22, and MAM-2201) in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. This work aims to help inform decisions made by regulatory agencies concerned with the profusion of these poorly characterized recreational drugs. DA - 2016/05/31 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : fb1aeefc-df6d-4fc2-9c68-80aa3dbd1dfa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applied metabolomics in drug discovery DO - 10.1080/17460441.2016.1195365 AU - Cuperlovic-Culf, M. AU - Culf, A. S. T2 - Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery SN - 1746-0441 SN - 1746-045X VL - 11 IS - 8 SP - 759 EP - 770 KW - metabolomics; metabonomics; metabolic profiling; drug discovery; natural products; chemical libraries; metabolic network AB - Introduction: The metabolic profile is a direct signature of phenotype and biochemical activity following any perturbation. Metabolites are small molecules present in a biological system including natural products as well as drugs and their metabolism by-products depending on the biological system studied. Metabolomics can provide activity information about possible novel drugs and drug scaffolds, indicate interesting targets for drug development and suggest binding partners of compounds. Furthermore, metabolomics can be used for the discovery of novel natural products and in drug development. Metabolomics can enhance the discovery and testing of new drugs and provide insight into the on- and off-target effects of drugs. Areas covered: This review focuses primarily on the application of metabolomics in the discovery of active drugs from natural products and the analysis of chemical libraries and the computational analysis of metabolic networks. Expert opinion: Metabolomics methodology, both experimental and analytical is fast developing. At the same time, databases of compounds are ever growing with the inclusion of more molecular and spectral information. An increasing number of systems are being represented by very detailed metabolic network models. Combining these experimental and computational tools with high throughput drug testing and drug discovery techniques can provide new promising compounds and leads. DA - 2016/07/01 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor and Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ba34080e-919a-4616-9452-f82302610163 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shrimp protein improves oral glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-induced obese mice AU - Wang, Yanwen AU - Sha, Yu AU - Nair, Sandhya AU - Gagnon, Jacques AU - Srinivasan, Priya AU - Albert, Danica AU - Ewart, Stephen AU - Zhang, Junzeng AU - Hanna, Paul T2 - BAOJ Nutrition VL - 2 IS - 3 KW - diet-induced obese mice; shrimp protein concentrate; glucose tolerance; glucose; insulin; lipids AB - The present study was conducted to determine the effect of shrimp protein concentrate on insulin resistance in a diet-induced obese mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice fed a commercial high-fat diet (60 kcal% from fat) for 12 weeks were divided into three groups and then switched to a high-fat diet prepared in the lab. One group was used as the high-fat diet control and the other two were fed the high-fat diet with 35% or 70% of casein replaced by the same amount of protein from shrimp protein concentrate for 9 weeks. A group of age and sex matched C57BL/6J mice fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) all the time were used as the normal or low-fat diet control. Weekly body weight, daily food intake, weekly 4-hr fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance and overnight fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipids were measured. It was observed that replacing dietary casein with shrimp protein significantly improved oral glucose tolerance and 4-hr fasting blood glucose levels while having no effect on the fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. There was a trend of increasing body weight and food intake, particularly at 35% replacement, which also increased blood total cholesterol levels while having no effect on triacylglycerol levels. There were mixed results of shrimp protein concentrate on metabolic phenotypes while a dramatic improvement in oral glucose tolerance was seen. Additional studies are required to verify the observed benefits and further look into the underlying mechanisms. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Bioaccent Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 807acf53-d1ef-4a5d-8b0f-551e0c5c1791 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soft magnetic composite magnetic component in high efficiendy electric motor AU - Bernier, Fabrice AU - Thomas, Yanning T2 - Québec, a leader in transportation electrification: 29th World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS29) Montréal, June 19-22, 2016. T3 - The 29th World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS29), June 19-22, 2016, Montréal, QC, Canada SN - 9782550759102 SN - 2550759109 KW - materials; permanent magnet motor; efficiency AB - A 30% cost reduction of the electric motor is required from motor manufacturer to reach the traction drive technical target of the U.S. Department of Energy. To tackle this challenge, new materials and manufacturing technologies must be developed to provide cost-efficient motor design. In the recent year, soft magnetic composites (SMC) shaped by powder metallurgy process bas become an alternative approach Io produce magnetic component usually made from laminated steel. This paper will report the potential of SMC materials utilization in electric motor and its bench scalc testing versus laminated steel component. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - Ministère des transports, de la mobilité durable et de l'électrification des transports LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 52539d0b-d8b0-4795-b05a-420d51721b8f ER - TY - JOUR TI - New Titanium alloy feedstock for high performance metal injection molding parts DO - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.704.118 AU - Tingskog, Toby AU - Larouche, Frederic AU - Lefebvre, Louis Philippe T2 - Powder Metallurgy of Titanium II: selected, peer reviewed papers from the 3rd Conference on Powder Processing, Consolidation and Metallurgy of Titanium, August 31 - September 3, 2015, Lüneburg, Germany T2 - Key Engineering Materials; no. 704 T3 - 3rd Conference on Powder Processing, Consolidation and Metallurgy of Titanium, August 31 - September 3, 2015, Lüneburg, Germany SN - 1662-9795 SN - 3038355399 SN - 9783038355397 SP - 118 EP - 121 KW - metal injection molding; metal injection molding feedstock; MIM; Ti 6-4; Titanium AB - Ti 6-4 and other Titanium alloys have great potential for Metal Injection Molding of high performance parts. Markets like Automotive, Aerospace, 3C and sporting goods can benefit from the low density and high strength of Titanium. A new feedstock has been developed that incorporates pre-alloyed Ti 6-4 and discrete additions that simplify MIM processing and enhance properties. Processing and sintering parameters are presented together with mechanical and metallurgical properties of completed parts. DA - 2016/08/12 PY - 2016 PB - Trans Tech Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 145a698f-e923-4e00-8780-daa372cdde8d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metal-NdFeB composite permanent magnets produced by cold spray AU - Bernier, Fabrice AU - Lamarre, Jean-Michel T2 - Québec, a leader in transportation electrification: 29th World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS29) Montréal, June 19-22, 2016. T3 - The 29th World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS29), June 19-22, 2016, Montréal, QC, Canada SN - 9782550759102 SN - 2550759109 KW - rare earth material; permanent magnet motor; demonstration; materials; Canada AB - Hybrid and electric vehicles play an increasing role to alleviate the effects of our transportation needs on the environment. Permanent magnets are a key component of electric motors and represent a significant proportion of their total cost. We report on the fabrication of metal-NdFeB composite permanent magnets made using cold spray processes. In order to control the magnetic properties, coatings’ microstructure was varied using powders with various compositions, size distributions and morphologies. The obtained magnetic and mechanical properties results confirm the feasibility of using cold spray as an effective technology to deposit hard magnet coatings directly on the rotor surface. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - Ministère des transports, de la mobilité durable et de l'électrification des transports LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ba0d36a0-9a9c-496e-8697-5289736ebfb5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A MIM route for producing Ti6Al4V-TiC composites DO - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.704.139 AU - Pelletier, Roger AU - Lefebvre, Louis Philippe AU - Baril, Eric T2 - Powder Metallurgy of Titanium II: selected, peer reviewed papers from the 3rd Conference on Powder Processing, Consolidation and Metallurgy of Titanium, August 31 - September 3, 2015, Lüneburg, Germany T2 - Key Engineering Materials; no. 704 T3 - 3rd Conference on Powder Processing, Consolidation and Metallurgy of Titanium, August 31 - September 3, 2015, Lüneburg, Germany SN - 1662-9795 SN - 3038355399 SN - 9783038355397 SP - 139 EP - 147 KW - metal injection moulding; titanium; metal matrix composites AB - Discontinuous reinforced titanium matrix composites have generated significant interest due to their compelling properties such as their specific strength and wear resistance at room and elevated temperatures. For these reasons, these materials have been considered in various applications such as automotive (valve components), aerospace (engine components) and medical devices (implants). Metal injection molding (MIM) has proven to be an efficient near net-shape technology suitable for high volume manufacturing of parts having complex geometries. The MIM technology is particularly attractive for producing composites as the metallic matrix does not go through the liquid state. This helps minimizing the segregation of the hard particles. MIM also reduces the needs for machining. However, the production of titanium components with the MIM process has its own challenges and limitations, such as presence of porosities and coarser microstructures compared to wrought products. The present work introduces the results obtained during the development of a MIM route for producing Ti6Al4V-5wt%TiC composites. The feedstock developed is wax-based and incorporates a pre-alloyed metal powder. The microstructure, mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures, the wear resistance and the thermal diffusivity of the composites have been characterised. Properties are compared with those of a Ti6Al4V MIM material produced with the same feedstock and process but without TiC as well as with those of wrought Ti6Al4V reported in the literature. The presence of a small amount of TiC promotes densification and grain size refinement and affects the surface finish of the sintered components. Tensile properties of the composites are comparable or better than those of wrought Ti6Al4V (ASTM F1472). Improved mechanical properties compared to unreinforced material are associated to the higher density, finer grain size as well as solution strengthening of the titanium matrix. DA - 2016/08/12 PY - 2016 PB - Trans Tech Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b4bfbad4-d2fe-4b8d-b4db-55d3e53d10ef ER - TY - JOUR TI - High resolution pore size analysis in metallic powders by X-ray tomography DO - 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.09.002 AU - Heim, K. AU - Bernier, F. AU - Pelletier, R. AU - Lefebvre, L.-P. T2 - Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation SN - 2214-6571 VL - 6 IS - Part A SP - 45 EP - 52 AB - The deployment of additive manufacturing processes relies on part quality, specifically the absence of internal defects. Some of those defects have been associated with porosities in the powder feedstock. Since the level of porosity in the powder is generally very low, standard characterisation techniques such as pycnometry and metallography are not suitable for quantification. However, the quantification of such micro sized porosity in metallic powders is crucial to better understand the potential source of internal defects in final components and for quality control purposes. X-ray tomography with a 3 μm resolution offers the possibility to visualise pores in large volume of powder and to quantify their geometrical features and volume fraction using image analysis routines. This combination is unique and demonstrates the power of the approach in comparison to standard powder characterisation techniques. Results presented show the prospects and limits of this technique depending on the imaging device, material and image analysis procedure. DA - 2016/10/03 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 845e6463-4911-4a0d-83fd-ff5f959ea80d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards the use of CFD to improve and validate the wall correction methodology at the NRC 1.5 m trisonic wind tunnel DO - 10.2514/6.2016-3497 AU - Toledano, Alvaro AU - Weiss, Julien AU - Morency, François AU - Broughton, Cabot AU - Benmeddour, Ali T2 - 32nd AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference T3 - 32nd AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference, 13-17 June 2016, Washington, D.C., USA SN - 978-1-62410-438-1 AB - This paper explores the use of CFD results as a benchmark to improve and validate the wall correction methodology currently applied in the National Research Council of Canada 1.5 m Trisonic Wind Tunnel. Particularly, it focuses on the update of the potential theory representation of the half-span model of a typical aircraft tested at this facility, which plays a significant role in the calculation of wall corrections. Firstly, a study of the current fuselage representation is carried out, showing its limitations. An updated potential theory fuselage representation is then presented and tested, showing a notable improvement compared to its predecessor, primarily at higher angles of attack. Next, the complete half-model potential theory representation is reviewed and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Finally, a CFD-based validation technique for the wall correction methodology is outlined, and correction results based on existing RANS simulations are presented. DA - 2016/06/13 PY - 2016 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7c5f4351-0984-4f2a-aa67-cbd915e7547b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Punching shear behavior of concrete flat slabs in elevated temperature and fire DO - 10.1260/1369-4332.18.5.659 AU - Ghoreishi, Mehrafarid AU - Bagchi, Ashutosh AU - Sultan, Mohamed A. T2 - Advances in Structural Engineering SN - 1369-4332 VL - 18 IS - 5 AB - Two-way concrete flat slabs provide a number of benefits for office buildings, parking garages and apartments – for example, reduced formwork, prompt erection, minimal increase in story heights, and flexibility of partitions. Concrete flat slabs could be vulnerable to punching shear failure in the event of a fire. There are a limited number of studies available on concrete flat slabs for punching shear failure in fire. In the present study, a set of six reinforced concrete slabs are tested in ambient and elevated temperature to investigate their strength characteristics in punching shear failure. A model to estimate the punching shear capacity is developed and correlated with the available experimental data. Using the above model, a detailed parametric study is carried out to study the effects of various factors affecting the punching shear behavior. It is also shown that the existing code provisions for punching shear cannot predict slab behavior under fire exposure in some cases. DA - 2016/11/07 PY - 2016 PB - SAGE Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ddbbf762-0ff3-439e-bd4d-5be3705e276b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance testing of a residential motorless air exchanger system DO - 10.1080/14733315.2015.11684082 AU - Ouazia, Boualem AU - Glazer, Rock AU - Szadkowski, Franck AU - Hoyme, Clifford T2 - International Journal of Ventilation SN - 1473-3315 SN - 2044-4044 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 219 EP - 230 KW - air exchanger; heat recovery; ventilation; residential energy; defrost AB - A heat recovery ventilator (HRV) is used to create a balanced ventilation system in residential buildings and as an energy-saving measure. HRVs bring in outside air which is tempered with outgoing stale air, with only the small energy penalty of the blower power to overcome the pressure drop in the HRV. HRVs have been used in cold climates and have often performed poorly due to frosting failure. HRVs require de-icing in cold climate application, where the exhaust warm air is periodically recirculated during defrost cycles, interrupting the flow of the exhausting air and redirecting the stale warm air back into the house, to defrost the HRV core. This study was performed to assess the performance of a motorless air exchanger (MAE), in comparison to a conventional motorized HRV, and determine if it could perform in winter without frosting failure. The parameters that were compared for this study include sensible effectiveness, defrost occurrence and energy consumption. The air exchanger system showed higher sensible effectiveness and no “defrost cycles” were required. Operation of the air exchanger system resulted in a slight increase (~2.8%) in whole house energy consumption in winter and showed savings of ~11.2% in summer. DA - 2016/03/29 PY - 2016 PB - Veetech Ltd LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7ffdd921-6525-4974-b395-4a07bd20e858 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NGC 147, NGC 185 and CassII: a genetic approach to orbital properties, star formation and tidal debris DO - 10.1093/mnras/stv2781 AU - Arias, Veronica AU - Guglielmo, Magda AU - Fernando, Nuwanthika AU - Lewis, Geraint F. AU - Bland-hawthorn, Joss AU - Bate, Nicholas F. AU - Conn, Anthony AU - Irwin, Mike J. AU - Ferguson, Annette M. N. AU - Ibata, Rodrigo A. AU - Mcconnachie, Alan W. AU - Martin, Nicolas T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 456 IS - 2 SP - 1654 EP - 1665 KW - dwarf; NGC 147; NGC 185CassII; local group AB - NGC 147, NGC 185 and Cassiopeia II (CassII) have similar positions in the sky, distances and measured line-of-sight velocities. This proximity in phase space suggests that these three satellites of M31 form a subgroup within the Local Group. Nevertheless, the differences in their star formation history and interstellar medium, and the recent discovery of a stellar stream in NGC 147, combined with the lack of tidal features in the other two satellites, are all indications of complex and diverse interactions between M31 and these three satellites. We use a genetic algorithm to explore the different orbits that these satellites can have and select six sets of orbits that could best explain the observational features of the NGC 147, NGC 185 and CassII satellites. The parameters of these orbits are then used as a starting point for N-body simulations. We present models for which NGC 147, NGC 185 and CassII are a bound group for a total time of at least 1 Gyr but still undergo different interactions with M31 and as a result NGC 147 has a clear stellar stream, whereas the other two satellites have no significant tidal features. This result shows that it is possible to find solutions that reproduce the contrasting properties of the satellites and for which NGC 147-NGC 185-CassII have been gravitationally bound. DA - 2016/02/21 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f7940c5b-20ad-4aa8-a214-d12793522568 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MoRiBS-PIMC: a program to simulate molecular rotors in bosonic solvents using path-integral Monte Carlo DO - 10.1016/j.cpc.2016.02.025 AU - Zeng, Tao AU - Blinov, Nicholas AU - Guillon, Grégoire AU - Li, Hui AU - Bishop, Kevin P. AU - Roy, Pierre-nicholas T2 - Computer Physics Communications SN - 0010-4655 VL - 204 SP - 170 EP - 188 KW - molecular rotation; microscopic superfluidity; bosons; path-integrals; clusters AB - We provide the source code of our in-house program MoRiBS-PIMC. This program was developed to simulate rigid molecules rotating in bosonic clusters composed of helium atoms, parahydrogen molecules or any other bosonic point solvent particles. The program can be employed to obtain superfluid response, structural and energetic properties as well as imaginary time correlation functions of dipole operators. These quantities can be used to interpret and predict the results of spectroscopic Andronikashvili experiments. The software is based on the latest advances in the simulation of the quantum rotation of non-linear rigid rotors and in the sampling of bosonic permutations. The program has been parallelized to improve its performance and new techniques have been implemented to obtain symmetry-adapted simulation results. The usage and robustness of the program is demonstrated with some illustrative examples. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9c4412ba-2775-423e-b8e2-e2eb451df328 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inspection of additive manufactured parts using laser ultrasonics DO - 10.1063/1.4940606 AU - Lévesque, D. AU - Bescond, C. AU - Lord, M. AU - Cao, X. AU - Wanjara, P. AU - Monchalin, J.-P. T2 - 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation: incorporating the 6th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE T2 - AIP Conference Proceedings; no. 1706 T3 - 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation: Incorporating the 6th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE, 26–31 July 2015, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA SN - 0094-243X SN - 1551-7616 SN - 978-0-7354-1353-5 SP - 130003 AB - Additive manufacturing is a novel technology of high importance for global sustainability of resources. As additive manufacturing involves typically layer-by-layer fusion of the feedstock (wire or powder), an important characteristic of the fabricated metallic structural parts, such as those used in aero-engines, is the performance, which is highly related to the presence of defects, such as cracks, lack of fusion or bonding between layers, and porosity. For this purpose, laser ultrasonics is very attractive due to its non-contact nature and is especially suited for the analysis of parts of complex geometries. In addition, the technique is well adapted to online implementation and real-time measurement during the manufacturing process. The inspection can be performed from either the top deposited layer or the underside of the substrate and the defects can be visualized using laser ultrasonics combined with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). In this work, a variety of results obtained off-line on INCONEL® 718 and Ti-6Al-4V coupons that were manufactured using laser powder, laser wire, or electron beam wire deposition are reported and most defects detected were further confirmed by X-ray micro-computed tomography. DA - 2016/02 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8695f3b9-7f87-4685-8b6a-7c43b23ab8f1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of necking and overlapping on radiative properties of coated soot aggregates DO - 10.1080/02786826.2016.1275513 AU - Doner, Nimeti AU - Liu, Fengshan AU - Yon, Jérôme T2 - Aerosol Science and Technology SN - 0278-6826 SN - 1521-7388 SP - 1 EP - 11 AB - The impact of necking and overlapping on the radiative properties of coated soot aggregates was investigated numerically by using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). The present study concerns the situations of slight overlapping between primary particles and small to moderate necking. The effects of overlapping, necking, and coating on the aggregate volume equivalent radius were presented. To show the overlapping effect, the radiative properties of aggregates consisting of N = 200 particles were evaluated with and without coating at refractive indices of m = 1.60 + 0.60i for the soot core and m = 1.46 for the coating material at four different wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared. The radiative properties of coated soot aggregates with three overlapping values of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 were calculated. In addition, the relationship between absorption cross-section and wavelength was illustrated at overlapping values of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 for uncoated and 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% coated aggregates. As overlapping and necking increased, the calculated extinction, absorption, and scattering properties also increased in the visible and near-infrared regions. It was found that the volume equivalent radii of coated aggregates increased linearly with coating thickness when the necking values were 0.40–0.50. DA - 2016/12/23 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5d2cac1e-bc6d-4732-b4c8-cbb9acd72576 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extraction for analytical scale sample preparation (IUPAC Technical Report) DO - 10.1515/pac-2015-0705 AU - Poole, Colin AU - Mester, Zoltan AU - Miró, Manuel AU - Pedersen-bjergaard, Stig AU - Pawliszyn, Janusz T2 - Pure and Applied Chemistry SN - 1365-3075 SN - 0033-4545 VL - 88 IS - 7 SP - 649 EP - 687 KW - analytical chemistry; extraction AB - Approaches for sample preparation are developing rapidly as new strategies are implemented to improve sample throughput and to minimize material and solvent use in laboratory methods and to develop on-site capabilities. In majority of cases the key step in sample preparation is extraction, typically used to separate and enrich compounds of interests from the matrix in the extraction phase. In this contribution, the topic of analytical scale extraction is put in perspective emphasising the fundamental aspects of the underlying processes discussing the similarities and differences between different approaches. Classification of extraction techniques according to the mass transfer principles is provided. DA - 2016/09/28 PY - 2016 PB - De Gruyter LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 62582e82-c03f-4788-910b-85e44bea078f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glossary of terms used in extraction (IUPAC Recommendations 2016) DO - 10.1515/pac-2015-0903 AU - Poole, Colin AU - Mester, Zoltan AU - Miró, Manuel AU - Pedersen-bjergaard, Stig AU - Pawliszyn, Janusz T2 - Pure and Applied Chemistry SN - 1365-3075 SN - 0033-4545 VL - 88 IS - 5 KW - extraction; recommendations; terminology AB - Approaches for analytical-scale extraction are developing rapidly as new strategies are implemented to improve sample throughput, to minimize material use in laboratory methods, and to develop on-site capabilities. In this contribution, definitions and recommendations for symbols for the terms used in analytical extraction are presented. Exhaustive, microextraction, elevated temperature, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted, parallel batch, flow through systems, and membrane extraction approaches are discussed. An associated tutorial titled “Extraction” provides a detailed introduction to the topic. DA - 2016/06/20 PY - 2016 PB - De Gruyter LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 18870f36-9aa4-4fab-bce5-1a2116a892b9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Testing the bioactivity of kelp extracts developed via chemical and physical separation techniques using bioassays DO - 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1148.14 AU - Urbani, S. AU - Ziosi, V. AU - Mackinnon, S. AU - Henderson, D. AU - Ratcliffe, J. AU - Manda, A. AU - Pirondi, A. T2 - Proceedings of the II World Congress on the Use of Biostimulants in Agriculture: Florence, Italy, November 16-19, 2015 T2 - Acta Horticulturae; 1148 T3 - 2nd World Congress on the Use of Biostimulants in Agriculture, November 16-19, 2015, Florence, Italy SN - 0567-7572 SN - 2406-6168 SN - 978-94-62611-38-2 SP - 109 EP - 114 KW - macrocystis integrifolia, Kelpgrow®, biostimulant, root development, bioassay AB - Seaweed products have been used for centuries for crop growth, to improve plant health and yield. Several species of seaweed and several extraction methods have been used to manufacture products that are now available for use in agriculture. Researches on the effects of liquid seaweed extract have shown an increase in root mass and adventitious root development, as well as improved health, resistance to stress, and increased yield. Despite the wide use and clear advantages of kelp extract products, the exact element(s) which stimulate the improved development have yet to be identified. An investigation was carried out on the bioactive properties of the Canadian seaweed extract Kelpgrow® (Macrocystis integrifolia) to analyze the effects of individual components within kelp, have on plant growth, and to identify the compounds within the product that are responsible for improved plant growth and development. A number of fractionation methods have been used for obtaining samples of the required quantity. Kelpgrow® has also been analyzed to classify its contents and the concentration levels of the compounds identified. Samples have been tested, alongside unaltered Kelpgrow® as well as synthetic plant growth regulators and other synthetic compounds typically found in seaweed, in several bioassays (mung bean adventitious rooting, lettuce hypocotyl and radish cotyledon), comparing their effects on plant growth. DA - 2016/11 PY - 2016 PB - International Society for Horticultural Science LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 29690e36-da7e-4ae9-bf84-245a288070a0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptive training simulation using speech interaction for training navy officers AU - Emond, Bruno AU - Maugeais, Maxime AU - Vinson, Norm AU - Shaikh, Kamran AU - Fournier, Helene AU - Lapointe, Jean-Francois AU - Cédric, Martin T2 - Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC), November 29 - December 2, 2016 T3 - Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC), November 29 - December 2, 2016, Orlando, FL, USA SP - 16087 AB - An important element of the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) Future Naval Training System Strategy is the deployment of technology enabled learning systems allowing for acquisition of knowledge and skills using a variety of shore-based multipurpose and reconfigurable simulators, as well as at sea embedded simulators. The RCN has a strong culture of one-to-one relationship between instructors and trainees while trainees use simulators. This close relationship allows for direct feedback to trainees, and individualized assessment. With the increased access of distributed learning opportunities in the form of part tasks trainers and serious games, trainees will benefit, and should be encouraged to acquire knowledge, and practice skills in a self-directed manner, outside the context of a supervised simulation session supervised by an instructor. However, the ubiquitous individual access to learning programs should continue to provide immediate feedback to trainees, and allow instructors and course developers to monitor learning. Fulfilling both objectives requires the relevant capture and analysis of learning events. In this context, our particular project focuses on Maritime Surface and Sub-Surface Officer (MARS) training using serious games, capturing learning event data to leverage them for adaptive training, and self-directed learning using learning assessment dashboards. The project is at an early development stage and aims to provide high realism for the officer of the watch (OOW) through speech interactions with simulated agents including a naval communicator, helmsman, range finder, commanding officer, and a guide ship. The training program focuses on the acquisition of conning skills. The paper presents some conceptual foundation for this program, as well as the first training module aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of a speech interaction interface for conning in the context of a manoeuvre scenario. The paper also outlines the intended adaptive training specifications to be implemented in a second project phase, and indicates areas of future work. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. Bruno Emond is a senior research officer at the National Research Council Canada. He joined NRC in 2001 and holds a B.A. and M.A. in philosophy, and a Ph.D. in educational psychology from McGill University. His research evolved over his career on issues related to knowledge representation, logic, text comprehension, and cognitive modelling. Dr. Emond's current interests focus on adaptive training systems, and educational data mining. LCdr Maxime Maugeais joined the Canadian Naval Reserve in 1998 and spent 9 years as a MARS officer. He subsequently transferred to the Regular Force as a Training Development Officer (TDO) in 2007. Both as a MARS officer and TDO, he occupied a variety of learning technology-related jobs. LCdr Maugeais completed his Masters of Arts in Learning and Technology and continues to be involved in finding innovative ways to leverage technology to support effective and efficient learning. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 01dd8689-c842-4079-a899-628f75d79fd0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying our world AU - Lockwood, David J. AU - Rowell, N. L. T2 - Physics in Canada = La Physique du Canada SN - 0031-9147 VL - 74 IS - 4 SP - 193 EP - 196 AB - Over the past century the National Research Council of Canada has led the way in many areas of primary metrology, which have benefitted Canadian society considerably - and will continue to do so. Behind virtually everything that the public uses and consumes is the science of metrology, which is constantly evolving with society’s needs. in this science, we measure physical quantities related to everyday experience. If you have ever been late for a meeting, had to run to work, go to the gym or turn on the air conditioning, you have experienced the results of the work of metrologists: time, distance, weight and temperature, are all studied. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Canadian Association of Physicists LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d8604e0f-b11f-4f37-b6d7-359ecc33268d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tool pre-failure monitoring in intermittent cutting operations DO - 10.1115/IMECE2016-65748 AU - Hassan, M. AU - Sadek, A. AU - Damir, A. AU - Attia, M. H. AU - Thomson, V. T2 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, volume 2: Advanced Manufacturing T3 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 11, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA SN - 978-0-7918-5052-7 SP - V002T02A049 AB - Tool failure remains one of the most challenging phenomena in machining that affects the productivity and product quality, and hence the cost. In high feed rough milling operations of hard-to-cut materials, chipping and breakage have been observed as the dominant failure modes of the end mill cutters. Most of the work in the open literature is focusing on either detecting the complete tool breakage after it takes place or detecting the progressive tool wear. Detecting the abrupt/sudden tool failure due to tool chipping before it takes place, which is essential to avoid any damage to the machined part, has not been addressed. Therefore, the main objective of this research work is to investigate the ability of using the process monitoring signals in order to detect the tool pre-failure and failure by chipping/breakage in intermittent cutting operations. A method was devised to induce impact load on the cutting tool tip to study the features of signals collected by various sensors due to unstable crack propagation and chipping, while ensuring minimal tool wear effect. The acoustic emission (AE) signal features were able to successfully capture tool pre-failure, while other signals could detect the failure occurrence only. DA - 2016/11/11 PY - 2016 PB - ASME LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0ae416e3-7f7a-41b1-b9f1-8f4d9a8fef75 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis and optimization of robotized grinding of Titanium high pressure compressor blades DO - 10.1115/IMECE2016-67064 AU - Meshreki, M. AU - Shi, Z. AU - Arrien, F. AU - Attia, M. H. T2 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, volume 2: Advanced Manufacturing T3 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 11, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA SN - 978-0-7918-5052-7 SP - V002T02A012 AB - An analysis for a robotized grinding process of aerospace Titanium high pressure compressor blades was performed. In this process, the blade was grabbed on the robotic arm. A Scotch-Brite grinding wheel, on a pneumatic actuator, was used to grind the edges of the blades. The objective of this research work was to identify the major factors that influence the accuracy of the process and the final part quality. This objective was achieved by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the wheel grabbed on the motor as well as analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the blade grabbed on the robotic arm. The frequency response functions (FRF) were identified at different robot configurations and positions. In addition, the vibrations of the various system components during the grinding process were monitored and analyzed to determine the effect of the speed on the relative vibrations between the workpiece and the wheel. Considering the dynamics of the wheel and the motor, rotational speed ranges were recommended. It was found that the vibrations of the grinding process were higher at two ranges: The first corresponds to the first natural frequency of the robot and the second corresponds to the first natural frequency of the wheel and the second natural frequency of the robot. By avoiding these ranges, part quality within the specified tolerances was obtained. DA - 2016/11/11 PY - 2016 PB - ASME LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a0763ffd-46b6-4a04-9e5e-9ca84e5a839a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigation of drilling of CFRP-Aluminum stacks under different cooling modes DO - 10.1115/IMECE2016-67039 AU - Meshreki, M. AU - Damir, A. AU - Sadek, A. AU - Attia, M. H. T2 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, volume 2: Advanced Manufacturing T3 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Friday 11 November 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA SN - 978-0-7918-5052-7 SP - V002T02A011 AB - Drilling of stacks poses great challenges due the heterogeneity and abrasiveness of the composites, the chip evacuation through the stack, in addition to the difference in properties between the metallic and the composite materials. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of drilling conditions such as tool material and geometry and lubrication mode on the hole quality as well as the tool wear in drilling of composite stacks (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics CFRP-Aluminum). The thickness of each material was 19 mm. A 2-flute uncoated drill was used. Four different cooling modes were applied namely dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) with low pressure (<1.5 bar) and high flow rate (400 ml/hr), MQL with high pressure (4.25 bars) and low flow rate (10 ml/hr), and finally flood cooling. The process control parameters, namely the forces and temperatures were measured using a special fixture design using a Kistler dynamometer and a reflective system with an infrared camera. The quality of the holes was compared in terms of delamination, surface roughness, circularity, concentricity, and diameter errors. The resultant cutting forces were found to be much lower than the thrust forces. The mean forces in the Aluminum were more than double those in the CFRP. Negligible tool wear was observed (less than 60 μm). No indication of thermal damage was found on the circumference of the holes in all the tested conditions. Due to the fact that the CFRP was supported by the Aluminum stack, the exit of the holes was mostly free from delamination. The dry and flood conditions produced holes free from entry delamination, while the holes drilled with MQL had delamination within 24% of the hole diameter. Both MQL cooling modes resulted in comparable temperatures, forces and hole quality. DA - 2016/11/11 PY - 2016 PB - ASME LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2388c8f1-f6ea-4106-b475-bfd64c88a802 ER - TY - GEN TI - Physiological indicators of lower neck strain with reduced levels of vibration and a novel vibration mitigating cushion AU - Wright Beatty, Heather E. AU - Law, Andrew AU - Thomas, Russell AU - Wickramasinghe, Viresh T2 - SAFE Symposiums T3 - 54th Annual SAFE Symposium, Oct. 31st-Nov. 2nd, 2016, Dayton, Ohio AB - INTRODUCTION: Whole-body vibration during helicopter flight can result in adverse health effects, such as neck strain, which can impact performance and safety. The current ISO-2631 whole-body vibration standard does not account for vibration effects on the head and neck. Furthermore, it is unclear as to the extent to which vibration mitigating countermeasures, such as seat cushions, affect vibration transmission to the pilot and reduce head movement and neck strain. This study examined the impact of vibration level and a mitigating cushion on pilot neck strain and head movement. METHODS: Using a human rated shaker facility, the physiological responses of 12 pilots were examined during 15-minute exposures to three levels of vibration (Low=0.23, Normal=0.30, High=0.36 grms) which are representative of forward flight in NRC’s Bell 412 and CF Griffon helicopters. Responses were also compared using either a standard original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or vibration mitigating (MIT) cushion at each vibration level. Electromyography (EMG), as an indicator of neck strain, and seat and head acceleration were recorded continuously. RESULTS: Normalized EMG amplitude was significantly higher during High (OEM= 0.201±1.023, MIT= - 0.008±0.983) compared to Low (OEM = -0.197±0.859, MIT= -0.193±0.991) vibration for both cushions, and amplitude was also higher during Normal (OEM= 0.245±0.914, MIT= -0.048±0.947) compared to Low vibration for the OEM cushion. During Normal and High, the EMG amplitudes were significantly lower, and median frequency significantly higher, with the MIT compared to OEM cushion. Head acceleration was significantly lower with the MIT (1.187±0.261 m∙s⁻ ²) compared to the OEM (1.108±0.234 m∙s⁻ ²) cushion. DISCUSSION: The EMG changes occurring with increased vibration may be indicative of higher neck strain, highlighting the deficiency in ISO-2631 which suggested that the tested vibration levels and durations were within accepted exposure limits. The vibration mitigating cushion was effective in reducing such effects, as well as reducing head acceleration DA - 2016/11/04 PY - 2016 PB - SAFE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ad7c2782-f7ea-4351-a4b1-c96b742c8df3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of service-aged 200 kV and 400 kV silicone rubber insulation in the Gulf region DO - 10.1109/TDEI.2016.006105 AU - Ghunem, Refat atef AU - Tay, Li-lin AU - Terrab, Hocine AU - El-hag, Ayman H. T2 - IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation SN - 1070-9878 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 3539 EP - 3546 KW - silicone rubber; hydrophobicity; corona; surface oxidation; SEM; thermogravimetry; EDX; Raman spectrometry AB - This paper analyzes silicone rubber housing materials that have been aged in service in 200 kV and 400 kV transmission line systems in the Gulf region. Non-uniform discoloration with traces of white residue are more evident across the upper and lower sides of the 400 kV as compared to the 200 kV sheds located near both the energized and the ground ends of the insulators. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an increase in the roughness for all the surfaces of the materials analyzed as compared to the bulk. Surface oxidation was indicated by the increase in the Oxygen/Carbon (O/C) ratio determined using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and the existence of the silanol groups (Si-OH) as detected in the Raman spectroscopy. The effect of electric field causing surface discharges oxidizing the surface was more evident on the 400 kV as compared to the 200 kV materials, particularly on the lower side of the sheds located near the energized end of the insulators. The effect of photo-oxidation due to ultra violet radiation appears to be increasing as compared to the electric field enhancement on the upper side of the sheds, particularly for those located near the ground end of the insulators. Thermogravimetry analysis is found useful in indicating the relative amount of alumina tri-hydrate filler and the polymer in the silicone rubber housing composition. Both O/C ratio determined using EDX and the silanol groups detected using Raman spectroscopy are proposed as reliable aging indicators to assess the condition of the silicone rubber surfaces that have been aged in service under relatively light polluted conditions. Raman spectrometry has the additional advantage as portable Raman spectrometers can be used to conduct field measurements on site. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a230624c-f988-478f-8247-952ebfaed776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro prediction of digestible protein content of marine microalgae (Nannochloropsis granulata) meals for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) DO - 10.1016/j.algal.2016.11.010 AU - Tibbetts, Sean M. AU - Yasumaru, Fanny AU - Lemos, Daniel T2 - Algal Research SN - 2211-9264 SN - 2211-9264 VL - 21 IS - January KW - microalgae; nannochloropsis; protein digestibility; degree of hydrolysis; fish; shrimp AB - Digestible protein (DP) contents of novel feed ingredients are required for test diet formulation and commercial feed production. Species-specific in vitro pH-Stat protein hydrolysis was used to predict the DP contents of three algal meals produced from a common lot of the marine eustigmatophyte microalga, Nannochloropsis granulata, for juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Protein degree of hydrolysis (DH) and predicted protein apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for Pacific white shrimp were statistically similar for all meals with average DH of 2.09% (P = 0.052) and predicted ADC of 74.6% (P = 0.053). Alternatively, meals processed by supercritical fluid extraction at 70 and 90 °C showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher DH and predicted ADC than the untreated base material for rainbow trout with average DH of 4.79% and predicted ADC of 87.0%, compared to 2.53% and 79.1%, respectively. Predicted protein ADC for all N. granulata meals was moderate for Pacific white shrimp (69–78%) and high for rainbow trout (79–88%) and therefore indicates their potential for use in fish and shrimp diets. Based on our results, we suggest DP values (dry matter basis) for similar N. granulata meals of 26% for Pacific white shrimp and 29% for rainbow trout. DA - 2016/11/17 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c3499227-7e3f-488f-8aeb-08e1c8bd6136 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Distribution of the O-acetyl groups and β-galactofuranose units in galactoxylomannans of the opportunistic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans DO - 10.1093/glycob/cww127 AU - Previato, Jose O. AU - Vinogradov, Evgeny AU - Maes, Emmanuel AU - Fonseca, Leonardo M. AU - Guerardel, Yann AU - Oliveira, Priscila A. V. AU - Mendonça-previato, Lucia T2 - Glycobiology SN - 0959-6658 SN - 1460-2423 SP - cww127 KW - cryptococcus; galactofuranose; galactoxylomannans; O-acetyl; capsular; polysaccharides AB - Galactoxylomannans (GalXMs) are a mixture of neutral and acidic capsular polysaccharides produced by the human opportunistic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans that exhibit potent suppressive effects on the host immune system. Previous studies describing the chemical structure of C. neoformans GalXMs have reported species without O-acetyl substituents. Herein we describe that C. neoformans grown in capsule-inducing medium produces highly O-acetylated GalXMs. The location of the O-acetyl groups was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In the neutral GalXM (NGalXM), 80% of 3-linked mannose (α-Manp) residues present in side chains are acetylated at the O-2 position. In acidic GalXM also termed glucuronoxylomannogalactan (GXMGal), 85% of the 3-linked α-Manp residues are acetylated either in the O-2 (75%) or in the O-6 (25%) position, but O-acetyl groups are not present at both positions simultaneously. In addition, NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis showed that β-galactofuranose (β-Galf) units are linked to O-2 and O-3 positions of nonbranched α-galactopyranose (α-Galp) units present in the GalXMs backbone chain. These findings highlight new structural features of C. neoformans GalXMs. Among these features, the high degree of O-acetylation is of particular interest, since O-acetyl group-containing polysaccharides are known to possess a range of immunobiological activities. DA - 2016/12/16 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 4d9c7bd1-5607-4ee9-9787-19761f45791a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tannerella forsythia strains display different cell-surface nonulosonic acids: biosynthetic pathway characterization and first insight into biological implications DO - 10.1093/glycob/cww129 AU - Friedrich, Valentin AU - Janesch, Bettina AU - Windwarder, Markus AU - Maresch, Daniel AU - Braun, Matthias L. AU - Megson, Zoë A. AU - Vinogradov, Evgeny AU - Goneau, Marie-France AU - Sharma, Ashu AU - Altmann, Friedrich AU - Messner, Paul AU - Schoenhofen, Ian C. AU - Schäffer, Christina T2 - Glycobiology SN - 0959-6658 SN - 1460-2423 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - cww129 SP - 342 EP - 357 KW - pseudaminic and legionaminic acid; biosynthesis pathway; bacterium; periodontitis; biofilm AB - Tannerella forsythia is an anaerobic, Gram-negative periodontal pathogen. A unique O-linked oligosaccharide decorates the bacterium's cell surface proteins and was shown to modulate the host immune response. In our study, we investigated the biosynthesis of the nonulosonic acid (NulO) present at the terminal position of this glycan. A bioinformatic analysis of T. forsythia genomes revealed a gene locus for the synthesis of pseudaminic acid (Pse) in the type strain ATCC 43037 while strains FDC 92A2 and UB4 possess a locus for the synthesis of legionaminic acid (Leg) instead. In contrast to the NulO in ATCC 43037 which has been previously identified as a Pse derivative (5-N-acetimidoyl-7-N-glyceroyl-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonulosonic acid), glycan analysis of strain UB4 performed in this study indicated a 350-Da, possibly N-glycolyl Leg (3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid) derivative with unknown C5,7 N-acyl moieties. We have expressed, purified and characterized enzymes of both NulO pathways to confirm these genes’ functions. Using capillary electrophoresis (CE), CE-MS and NMR spectroscopy, our studies revealed that Pse biosynthesis in ATCC 43037 essentially follows the UDP-sugar route described in Helicobacter pylori, while the pathway in strain FDC 92A2 corresponds to Leg biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni involving GDP-sugar intermediates. To demonstrate that the NulO biosynthesis enzymes are functional in vivo, we created knockout mutants resulting in glycans lacking the respective NulO. Compared to the wild-type strains, the mutants exhibited significantly reduced biofilm formation on mucin-coated surfaces, suggestive of their involvement in host-pathogen interactions or host survival. This study contributes to understanding possible biological roles of bacterial NulOs. DA - 2016/12/16 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 22417b0b-b12b-4800-98b1-7648c736f4be ER - TY - JOUR TI - Raman spectroscopy of 200 kV and 400 kV service-aged silicone rubber insulation in the Gulf region DO - 10.1109/CEIDP.2016.7785530 AU - Ghunem, Refat Atef AU - Tay, Li-lin AU - El-hag, Ayman H. T2 - 2016 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) T3 - 2016 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), October 16-19, 2016, Toronto, ON, Canada SN - 978-1-5090-4654-6 SP - 810 EP - 813 KW - voltage 400 kV; Raman spectroscopy; service-aged silicone rubber insulation; Gulf region; silicone rubber housing material; transmission line insulators; sands; dusts; creepage distances; heavily-polluted conditions; IEC 60815; light-aging condition AB - In this paper Raman spectroscopy is performed on silicone rubber housing materials that have been taken from 200 kV and 400 kV transmission line insulators, located in the Gulf region. The service areas of these insulators feature heavy depositions of sands and dusts yet with intermittent durations of fog and wetting on the surface. In addition, the creepage distances have been selected for heavily polluted conditions as per IEC 60815, thereby expecting light aging conditions for the analyzed housing materials. The increase in the Raman band intensity of Si-OH rationed to the Raman band intensity of Si-O-Si is found as a useful aging indicator for the analyzed surfaces. On the other hand, a careful analysis is required when using the Raman band intensity of alumina tri-hydrate rationed to the Raman band intensity of Si-O-Si in order to indicate the reduction in the polymer content due to aging. Ultra-violet radiation oxidizing the surface is the main factor reported to deteriorate the analyzed materials. An increased influential effect is also speculated for both the aging time in service for the 200 kV insulators and for electric field enhancement inducing surface discharges as approaching the energized side of the 400 kV insulators. Using Raman spectroscopy to assess the condition of service-aged silicone rubber insulators can be advantageous as, with a special apparatus, this method can be implemented on site. DA - 2016/10 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0180d07a-526c-484c-a4f4-48db8af1bdf5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metabolomics and cheminformatics analysis of antifungal function of plant metabolites DO - 10.3390/metabo6040031 AU - Cuperlovic-culf, Miroslava AU - Rajagopalan, Nandhakishore AU - Tulpan, Dan AU - Loewen, Michele T2 - Metabolites SN - 2218-1989 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 31 KW - Fusarium head blight; Fusarium graminearum; cheminformatics; metabolomics; plant resistance; biotic stress; antifungal; carbonic anhydrase; cytochrome P450 AB - Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat. Partial resistance to FHB of several wheat cultivars includes specific metabolic responses to inoculation. Previously published studies have determined major metabolic changes induced by pathogens in resistant and susceptible plants. Functionality of the majority of these metabolites in resistance remains unknown. In this work we have made a compilation of all metabolites determined as selectively accumulated following FHB inoculation in resistant plants. Characteristics, as well as possible functions and targets of these metabolites, are investigated using cheminformatics approaches with focus on the likelihood of these metabolites acting as drug-like molecules against fungal pathogens. Results of computational analyses of binding properties of several representative metabolites to homology models of fungal proteins are presented. Theoretical analysis highlights the possibility for strong inhibitory activity of several metabolites against some major proteins in Fusarium graminearum, such as carbonic anhydrases and cytochrome P450s. Activity of several of these compounds has been experimentally confirmed in fungal growth inhibition assays. Analysis of anti-fungal properties of plant metabolites can lead to the development of more resistant wheat varieties while showing novel application of cheminformatics approaches in the analysis of plant/pathogen interactions. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b5e2ca59-5938-4ff6-9a8d-e1556f5a0c29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Redox titration challenge DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-0020-0 AU - Meija, Juris AU - Michałowska-kaczmarczyk, Anna Maria AU - Michałowski, Tadeusz T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 409 IS - 1 SP - 11 EP - 13 DA - 2016/12/31 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e15096ca-fa2f-4a24-860e-bf4077581b2f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reactive gas ion beam generation using single atom W(111) gas field ion sources DO - 10.1017/S1431927616003937 AU - Urban, R. AU - Moritani, H. AU - Wolkow, R. A. AU - Pitters, J. L. T2 - Microscopy and Microanalysis SN - 1431-9276 SN - 1435-8115 VL - 22 IS - S3 SP - 616 EP - 617 AB - The scanning ion microscopy is gaining momentum as it provides several key advantages over scanning electron microscopy: (i) enhanced depth of focus, (ii) improved surface and element sensitivity, (iii) better lateral resolution, and (iv) nanomachining and milling. It uses different ions to achieve these tasks ranging from inert gases like helium and neon for imaging and ion milling. Other gases such as argon, nitrogen, and oxygen have potential for further sputtering and etching. It is therefore crucial that gas field ion sources provide necessary robustness and stability for range of various gases. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b1155f34-c5f9-4c74-b920-7491dec808ea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prior knowledge guided eQTL mapping for identifying candidate genes DO - 10.1186/s12859-016-1387-9 AU - Wang, Yunli AU - Richard, Rene AU - Pan, Youlian T2 - BMC Bioinformatics SN - 1471-2105 VL - 17 IS - 1 KW - eQTL mapping; prior knowledge; candidate genes; Lasso AB - Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping is often used to identify genetic loci and candidate genes correlated with traits. Although usually a group of genes affect complex traits, genes in most eQTL mapping methods are considered as independent. Recently, some eQTL mapping methods have accounted for correlated genes, used biological prior knowledge and applied these in model species such as yeast or mouse. However, biological prior knowledge might be very limited for most species. We proposed a data-driven prior knowledge guided eQTL mapping for identifying candidate genes. At first, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers that are associated with traits. Then co-expressed gene modules were generated and gene modules significantly associated with traits were selected. Prior knowledge from QTL mapping was used for eQTL mapping on the selected modules. We tested and compared prior knowledge guided eQTL mapping to the eQTL mapping with no prior knowledge in a simulation study and two barley stem rust resistance case studies. The results in simulation study and real barley case studies show that models using prior knowledge outperform models without prior knowledge. In the first case study, three gene modules were selected and one of the gene modules was enriched with defense response Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Also, one probe in the gene module is mapped to Rpg1, previously identified as resistance gene to stem rust. In the second case study, four gene modules are identified, one gene module is significantly enriched with defense response to fungus and bacterium. Prior knowledge guided eQTL mapping is an effective method for identifying candidate genes. The case studies in stem rust show that this approach is robust, and outperforms methods with no prior knowledge in identifying candidate genes. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b64f6b56-c9de-4d35-a5a6-b372bb0401ed ER - TY - JOUR TI - Process effluents and mine tailings: sources, effects and management and role of nanotechnology DO - 10.1007/s41204-016-0011-6 AU - Mohapatra, Dipti Prakash AU - Kirpalani, Deepak M. T2 - Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering SN - 2365-6379 SN - 2365-6387 KW - Mining wastes; Water contamination; Ecological effects; Sustainable management; Nanoparticles AB - Increasing population levels, growing economies, rapid urbanization and changes in consumption patterns have increased the demand for raw materials such as base and precious metals, leading to growing concerns regarding their availability and the global efficiency of the mine supply chain. Mine tailings, consisting of process effluents that are generated in a mineral processing plant, are generally transferred to tailings ponds/impoundments to meet environmental regulations and site-specific factors before discharge. Most mining activities induce an impact on their geochemical environment (e.g., water, groundwater) due to the presence of metal-rich tailing deposits. The need for a comprehensive framework for mine tailings management that promotes sustainable development is therefore becoming increasingly recognized by the mining industry. Therefore, for sustainable rehabilitation and disposal of mining waste, the sources and mechanisms of pollutant generation and their subsequent effect on environment and sustainable treatment methods are critical. This review includes information on different sources of mining waters and its effect on groundwater contamination and ecological effects. The review also encompasses a broad range of mine water treatment strategies available for innovative management of mining tailings with a specific emphasis on the role of nanoparticles in the management of mine waters. DA - 2016/12/19 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 81c812e8-2a0c-4d73-966b-2b0d86cf685c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Process development of lentiviral vectors for large scale production using a HEK293 producer cell line DO - 10.1016/S1525-0016(16)33516-X AU - Robert, Marc-André AU - Audy, Alexandre AU - Chahal, Parminder AU - Gilbert, Rénald AU - Gaillet, Bruno T2 - Molecular Therapy SN - 1525-0016 SN - 1525-0024 VL - 24 IS - Supplement 1 SP - S279 EP - S280 AB - Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are promising vectors for gene therapy. Most often, they are used to deliver a functional copy of a gene to sustainably replace a defective or missing gene. However, processes for LVs must be improved to increase the yield, facilitate the scale up and satisfy Health regulatory agencies. For these reasons, we have developed and optimized a LVs production process in serum-free medium using an inducible HEK293 producer cell line which possesses the capacity to grow in suspension culture. By adding two inducing molecules, (cumate and doxycycline) this cell line produces LVs pseudotyped with the protein G of the vesicular stomatitis virus without the need of any transfection. Our tested LV carried an expression cassette for GFP to facilitate LV quantification. To optimize the process, a design of experiment (DoE) was prepared which included the study of different culture media, high cell density production using six cell boosts commercially available and the addition of sodium butyrate, caffeine and valproic acid. We found that two cell boosts were outperforming the other cell boosts tested. At the present time, two commercial media (Hycell TransFx-H and SFM4TransFx-293 media) were our best candidates to maximize viral titer by achieving high cell density culture. In parallel, a LV carrying the cDNA for a shorter version of dystrophin (mini-dystrophin) was constructed. The truncated version of the dystrophin was produced by transient transfection in 293A cells and its presence was confirmed by western blot. We are planning to evaluate if the optimal conditions for the production of LV-GFP will be also applicable to LV-mini-dystrophin, a LV encoding a much longer transgene than GFP (0.7 kb vs 5.8 kb). This LV could be first evaluated for cell therapy in animal models and later, in patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where the dystrophin gene is defective and the protein is absent. DA - 2016/05 PY - 2016 PB - Nature Publishing Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 64571471-5ffb-4516-bcf9-8685698f524a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a post-exposure treatment for ebola virus infections based on AAV vectors and Zmapp antibody cocktail DO - 10.1016/S1525-0016(16)33363-9 AU - Robert, Marc-André AU - Kamen, Amine AU - Kobinger, Gary AU - Gilbert, Rénald AU - Gaillet, Bruno T2 - Molecular Therapy SN - 1525-0016 SN - 1525-0024 VL - 24 IS - Supplement 1 SP - S222 EP - S222 DA - 2016/05 PY - 2016 PB - Nature Publishing Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : be8be183-bb24-43c7-82af-f35d9606ed71 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Raman spectroscopy and TEM characterization of solid particulate matter emitted from soot generators and aircraft turbine engines DO - 10.1080/02786826.2016.1274368 AU - Saffaripour, Meghdad AU - Tay, Li-Lin AU - Thomson, Kevin A. AU - Brem, B. T. AU - Durdina, Lukas AU - Johnson, Mark AU - Smallwood, Greg J. T2 - Aerosol Science and Technology SN - 0278-6826 SN - 1521-7388 AB - To obtain reliable mass concentrations of solid particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust emissions from engines using optical instruments, it is essential that the solid PM used for instrument calibration has similar optical properties to the solid PM emitted from the engines being tested. The solid PM emitted from combustion engines is predominantly soot. The optical properties of soot are dictated by its chemical structure, size, and morphology. In this work, the chemical bond structure, primary-particle diameters, aggregate sizes, and morphological parameters of the soot emitted from two laboratory soot generators, widely used for calibrating instruments, are compared to those of soot emitted from three aircraft turbine engines using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Raman spectral properties, size, and morphology of soot emitted from aircraft engines are distinctly different from the properties of soot emitted from the soot generators operating under globally near-stoichiometric and fuel-rich conditions. These differences can be attributed to the variations in the size and orientation of the graphitic crystallites, amorphous-carbon content, amount of polyacetylene compounds, deposition of organic material, and extent of oxidation. Conversely, general agreement is observed between the chemical structure, size, and morphology of soot emitted from aircraft engines and the soot emitted from the soot generators operating at globally fuel-lean conditions. The findings of this investigation can be useful for identifying suitable soot particles for the calibration of instruments to measure the mass concentration of solid PM emissions from engines, and for other types of soot. DA - 2016/12/23 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor and Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3a6228fc-95f1-4d3f-8d0e-7f1c61f31485 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advanced applications of AMR data to generate functions for enhancing SMART GRID operation DO - 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540663 AU - Mak, Sioe T. AU - So, Eddy T2 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016) T3 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), July 10-15, 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 978-1-4673-9134-4 SP - 1 EP - 2 KW - traceability; AMI; AMR; battery; demand response; energy; harmonics; load management; PMU AB - Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) coupled with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) are enabling technologies to allow their advanced applications to generate functions for enhancing SMART GRID operation. The application of these technologies and their traceability issues, including their corresponding functions, for enhancing SMART GRID operation will be presented at the conference. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f7b9cdb1-0c2c-4e60-8269-7b2560e2c149 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Poster 18: new features in EGSnrc for photon cross sections DO - 10.1118/1.4961792 AU - Ali, Elsayed AU - Mainegra-Hing, Ernesto AU - Rogers, David W.O. T2 - Medical Physics SN - 0094-2405 VL - 43 IS - 8 SP - 4939 EP - 4940 AB - Purpose: To implement two new features in the EGSnrc Monte Carlo system. The first is an option to account for photonuclear attenuation, which can contribute a few percent to the total cross section at the higher end of the energy range of interest to medical physics. The second is an option to use exact NIST XCOM photon cross sections. Methods: For the first feature, the photonuclear total cross sections are generated from the IAEA evaluated data. In the current, first-order implementation, after a photonuclear event, there is no energy deposition or secondary particle generation. The implementation is validated against deterministic calculations and experimental measurements of transmission signals. For the second feature, before this work, if the user explicitly requested XCOM photon cross sections, EGSnrc still used its own internal incoherent scattering cross sections. These differ by up to 2% from XCOM data between 30 keV and 40 MeV. After this work, exact XCOM incoherent scattering cross sections are an available option. Minor interpolation artifacts in pair and triplet XCOM cross sections are also addressed. The default for photon cross section in EGSnrc is XCOM except for the new incoherent scattering cross sections, which have to be explicitly requested. The photonuclear, incoherent, pair and triplet data from this work are available for elements and compounds for photon energies from 1 keV to 100 GeV. Results: Both features are implemented and validated in EGSnrc.Conclusions: The two features are part of the standard EGSnrc distribution as of version 4.2.3.2. DA - 2016/08 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e73ebbde-afcf-4c20-84c7-70e2257ebeea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Traceability of no-load loss measurements of high voltage transmission lines DO - 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540803 AU - So, Eddy AU - Arseneau, Rejean T2 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016) T2 - CPEM Digest T3 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), July 10-15, 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 2160-0171 SN - 978-1-4673-9134-4 SP - 1 EP - 2 KW - traceable measurements; no-load losses; corona losses; discharges; leakage current measurement and measurement methodology AB - This paper describes the traceable measurement of no-load losses of high voltage transmission lines, including actual no-load loss measurements of 220 kV transmission lines in coastal Peru. The measurement methodology and the evaluation of the no-load losses are discussed in the paper. The development of a new measurement methodology to allow for future live line connections is also described. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7da6cda9-a513-4373-8c30-891f1fde36c8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The establishment of mA CT calibration system at KTL and comparison with NRC DO - 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540675 AU - Song, Kwangjae AU - Song, Sanghoon AU - Lee, Ilho AU - So, Eddy AU - Bennett, David T2 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016) T2 - CPEM Digest T3 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), July 10-15, 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 2160-0171 SN - 978-1-4673-9134-4 SP - 1 EP - 2 KW - calibration system; current transformers, measuring CT; measurement uncertainty; revenue metering AB - mA CTs are not addressed by either IEC or IEEE standards. They are used in power/energy measurement systems in large apartment buildings or shopping centers. This paper describes the establishment of mA CT calibration system at KTL and its comparison with NRC. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : afc1c04f-841a-4e94-99b7-3008275227db ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrogen ion beams from nanostructured gas field ion sources DO - 10.1017/S1431927616003913 AU - Moritani, Hironori AU - Urban, Radovan AU - Salomons, Mark AU - Wolkow, Robert AU - Pitters, Jason T2 - Microscopy and Microanalysis SN - 1431-9276 SN - 1435-8115 VL - 22 IS - S3 SP - 612 EP - 613 DA - 2016/07/25 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2e36c716-074c-48a0-b38b-8d85e141f5a8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of AVID200, a novel TGF-β targeting immunotherapy: characterization of immunomodulatory effects DO - 10.1016/S0959-8049(16)32910-0 AU - O'connor-mccourt, M. AU - Lenferink, A. AU - Zwaagstra, J. AU - Sulea, T. AU - Weeratna, R. AU - Maleki, S. AU - Baardsnes, J. AU - Collins, C. AU - Cantin, C. AU - Durocher, Y. AU - Singh, R. AU - Figueredo, R. AU - Krishnan, L. AU - Koropatnick, J. AU - Tikhomirov, I. T2 - European Journal of Cancer SN - 0959-8049 VL - 69 SP - S105 AB - In efficacy studies using the syngeneic 4T1 TNBC model, AVID200 was shown to promote significant T-cell infiltration into tumors. This infiltration resulted in reduced primary tumor growth as well as significant reductions in metastatic lesions. Additionally, ex vivo studies revealed that AVID200 treatment decreased T-cell apoptosis, promoted T-cell proliferation in response to tumor cell lysates in the presence of dendritic cells, as well as increased the capacity of T-cells to specifically lyse 4T1 tumor cells. The novel computational design of AVID200 results in a trap with low pM in vitro neutralization potency for TGF-b 1 and 3. Additionally, AVID200 markedly promotes the “T-cell-inflamed” tumor state in vivo. Combination studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors will be presented. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng N1 - 28 EORTC – NCI – AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics Wednesday 29 November 2016: Poster Sessions: Immunotherapy: Poster (Board P144) N1 - 28 EORTC – NCI – AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics Wednesday 29 November 2016: Poster Sessions: Immunotherapy: Poster (Board P144) C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : fc21b4ce-4778-42e5-9a89-dade828fc71b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combination of mechanical and molecular filtration for enhanced enrichment of circulating tumor cells DO - 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01324 AU - Meunier, Anne AU - Hernández-castro, Javier alejandro AU - Turner, Kate AU - Li, Kebin AU - Veres, Teodor AU - Juncker, David T2 - Analytical Chemistry SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 88 IS - 17 SP - 8510 EP - 8517 AB - Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been linked to cancer progression but are difficult to isolate, as they are very rare and heterogeneous, covering a range of sizes and expressing different molecular receptors. Filtration has emerged as a simple and powerful method to enrich CTCs but only captures cells above a certain size regardless of molecular characteristics. Here, we introduce antibody-functionalized microfilters to isolate CTCs based on both size and surface receptor expression. We present a 3D printed filtration cartridge with microfabricated polymer filters with 8, 10, 12, 15, or 20 μm-diameter pores. Pristine filters were used to optimize sample dilution, rinsing protocol, flow rate, and pore size, leading to >80% for the recovery of spiked cancer cells with very low white blood cell contamination (<1000). Then, filters were functionalized with antibodies against either epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the cartridges were used to enrich breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) and renal (786-O, A-498) cancer cells expressing various levels of EpCAM and EGFR. Cancer cells were spiked into human blood, and when using filters with antibodies specific to a molecular receptor expressed on a cell, efficiency was increased to >96%. These results suggest that filtration can be optimized to target specific CTC characteristics such as size and receptor expression and that a diverse range of CTCs may be captured using particular combinations of pore size, filtration parameters, and antibody functionalization. DA - 2016/09/06 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b5eb2c97-14cf-41f7-8e9e-9c075fcd6d60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Subwavelength gratings for broadband and polarization independent fiber-chip coupling with -0.4 dB efficiency DO - 10.1364/OFC.2016.M2I.4 AU - Schmid, Jens H. AU - Cheben, Pavel AU - Rahim, Mohamed AU - Wang, Shurui AU - Xu, Dan-xia AU - Vachon, Martin AU - Janz, Siegfried AU - Lapointe, Jean AU - Painchaud, Yves AU - Picard, Marie-josee AU - Poulin, Michel AU - Guy, Martin T2 - Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), 2016 T3 - Optical Fiber Communication Conference, March 20-24, 2016, Anaheim, CA USA SN - 978-1-943580-07-1 AB - We experimentally demonstrate a subwavelength refractive index engineered nanostructure for edge coupling, enabling a coupling efficiency of -0.4 dB and polarization independent operation for a broad spectral range exceeding 100 nm. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - OSA LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 54ef7d91-5310-4037-98b8-754069e4fb93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Material selection issues for a nozzle guide vane against service induced failure DO - 10.1115/GT2016-56120 AU - Wu, Xijia AU - Zhang, Zhong AU - Jiang, Leiyong AU - Patnaik, Prakash T2 - ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Volume 6: Ceramics; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy T2 - ASME Proceedings T3 - ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, June 13-17, 2016, Seoul, South Korea SN - 978-0-7918-4982-8 SP - V006T21A001 AB - Nozzle guide vanes (NGV) of gas turbine engines are the first components to withstand the impingement of hot combustion gas, and therefore often suffer thermal fatigue failures in service. A lifing analysis is performed for the NGV of a gas turbine engine using the integrated creep-fatigue theory (ICFT). With the constitutive formulation of inelastic strain in terms of mechanism-strain components such as rate-independent plasticity, dislocation glide-plus-climb, and grain boundary sliding, the dominant deformation mechanisms at the critical locations are thus identified quantitatively with the corresponding mechanism-strain component. The material selection scenarios are discussed with regards to damage accumulated during take-off and cruise. The interplay of those deformation mechanisms in the failure process are elucidated such that an “optimum” material selection solution may be achieved. DA - 2016/06/13 PY - 2016 PB - The American Society Mechanical Engineers LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 353db729-39f0-4052-81c2-c71f84988690 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Virus-like particles derived from HIV-1 for delivery of nuclear proteins: improvement of production and activity by protein engineering DO - 10.1007/s12033-016-9987-1 AU - Robert, Marc-André AU - Lytvyn, Viktoria AU - Deforet, Francis AU - Gilbert, Rénald AU - Gaillet, Bruno T2 - Molecular Biotechnology SN - 1073-6085 SN - 1559-0305 KW - virus-like particles; HIV-1 Gag; VLP production; protein delivery; protein engineering; green fluorescent protein; transcription factor AB - Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from retroviruses and lentiviruses can be used to deliver recombinant proteins without the fear of causing insertional mutagenesis to the host cell genome. In this study we evaluate the potential of an inducible lentiviral vector packaging cell line for VLP production. The Gag gene from HIV-1 was fused to a gene encoding a selected protein and it was transfected into the packaging cells. Three proteins served as model: the green fluorescent protein and two transcription factors—the cumate transactivator (cTA) of the inducible CR5 promoter and the human Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). The sizes of the VLPs were 120–150 nm in diameter and they were resistant to freeze/thaw cycles. Protein delivery by the VLPs reached up to 100% efficacy in human cells and was well tolerated. Gag-cTA triggered up to 1100-fold gene activation of the reporter gene in comparison to the negative control. Protein engineering was required to detect Gag-KLF4 activity. Thus, insertion of the VP16 transactivation domain increased the activity of the VLPs by eightfold. An additional 2.4-fold enhancement was obtained by inserting nuclear export signal. In conclusion, our platform produced VLPs capable of efficient protein transfer, and it was shown that protein engineering can be used to improve the activity of the delivered proteins as well as VLP production. DA - 2016/11/09 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 33088f30-02da-47a8-8f42-3384097211bf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low loss Type II regenerative Bragg gratings made with ultrafast radiation DO - 10.1364/OE.24.028704 AU - Grobnic, Dan AU - Hnatovsky, Cyril AU - Mihailov, Stephen J. T2 - Optics Express SN - 1094-4087 VL - 24 IS - 25 SP - 28704 EP - 28712 AB - A novel type of fiber Bragg grating is produced by annealing a type I-like grating that is written with multiple infrared femtosecond laser pulses through a phase mask under conditions that are typically used to fabricate thermally stable type II gratings. This new grating is created through a process similar to a regenerative one and displays low loss and high resilience in a 1000 °C ambient environment. Such gratings are ideally suited for quasi-distributed sensing at high temperatures. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1cab1994-59bb-423d-95ab-ca937cb435d8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ionic liquids as electrolytes for non-aqueous solutions electrochemical supercapacitors in a temperature range of 20 °C–80 °C DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.008 AU - Zhang, Lei AU - Tsay, Ken AU - Bock, Christina AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - Journal of Power Sources SN - 03787753 VL - 324 SP - 615 EP - 624 KW - ionic liquid; supercapacitor; electrolyte; elevated temperature AB - To increase the operating temperature of the supercapacitors (SCs) without compromising their high cycle-life, several typical fluoro- and non-fluoro containing ionic liquids (EMI-mesylate, EMI-hydrogen sulfate, PP13-triflate, PP13-TFSI, and EMI-TFSI, as shown in Fig. 1) are studied as the electrolytes to prepare organic solutions for SC performance measurements using a two-electrode cell. Both cyclic voltammograms and charge/discharge curves at various temperatures such as 20, 40, 60 and 80 °C are collected. At 60 °C, the increased performance order in both rating and cyclability measurements are found to be as follows: 1) EMI-hydrogen sulfate < PP13-TFSI < EMI-mesylate < PP13-triflate < EMI-TFSI for rating; and 2) EMI-hydrogen sulfate < EMI-mesylate < PP13-Triflate < PP13-TFSI < EMI-TFSI for life-time. The fluoro-containing group of ILs, i.e., PP13-Triflate, PP13-TFSI and EMI-TFSI can give a specific capacitance between 100 and 170 F/g for various scan rates for a conventional carbon electrode, and an extended lifetime test of 10, 000 cycles with a capacitance degradation of less than 10%, indicating that these two ion liquids can be used for SC electrolytes operated at high temperature. DA - 2016/08 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 453ea355-4610-46bb-b098-7f4b6bc650de ER - TY - JOUR TI - CNRC at SemEval-2016 task 1: experiments in crosslingual semantic textual similarity DO - 10.18653/v1/S16-1102 AU - Lo, Chi-kiu AU - Goutte, Cyril AU - Simard, Michel T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016) T3 - The 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016), June 16-17, 2016, San Diego, California, USA SP - 668 EP - 673 AB - We describe the systems entered by the National Research Council Canada in the SemEval-2016 Task1: Crosslingual Semantic Textual Similarity. We tried two approaches: One computes a true crosslingual similarity based on features extracted from lexical semantics and shallow semantic structures of the source and target fragments, combined using a linear model. The other approach relies on Statistical Machine Translation, followed by a monolingual semantic similarity, relying again on syntactic and semantic features. We report our experiments using trial data, as well as official final results on the evaluation data. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3c2d3f6a-3e01-4ca1-9606-9b7557f50de3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An in vitro co-culture mouse model demonstrates efficient vaccine-mediated control of Francisella tularensis SCHU S4 and identifies nitric oxide as a predictor of efficacy DO - 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00152 AU - Golovliov, Igor AU - Lindgren, Helena AU - Eneslätt, Kjell AU - Conlan, Wayne AU - Mosnier, Amandine AU - Henry, Thomas AU - Sjöstedt, Anders T2 - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology SN - 2235-2988 VL - 6 IS - 152 AB - Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular bacterium and cell-mediated immunity is critical for protection, but mechanisms of protection against highly virulent variants, such as the prototypic strain F. tularensis strain SCHU S4, are poorly understood. To this end, we established a co-culture system, based on splenocytes from naïve, or immunized mice and in vitro infected bone marrow-derived macrophages that allowed assessment of mechanisms controlling infection with F. tularensis. We utilized the system to understand why the clpB gene deletion mutant, ΔclpB, of SCHU S4 shows superior efficacy as a vaccine in the mouse model as compared to the existing human vaccine, the live vaccine strain (LVS). Compared to naïve splenocytes, ΔclpB-, or LVS-immune splenocytes conferred very significant control of a SCHU S4 infection and the ΔclpB-immune splenocytes were superior to the LVS-immune splenocytes. Cultures with the ΔclpB-immune splenocytes also contained higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, and GM-CSF and nitric oxide, and T cells expressing combinations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, than did cultures with LVS-immune splenocytes. There was strong inverse correlation between bacterial replication and levels of nitrite, an end product of nitric oxide, and essentially no control was observed when BMDM from iNOS−/− mice were infected. Collectively, the co-culture model identified a critical role of nitric oxide for protection against a highly virulent strain of F. tularensis. DA - 2016/11/25 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7b595c79-588e-4adc-a82e-f31f90f4b4ac ER - TY - RPRT TI - A market study on weld cladding in Canadian mining and mineral processing sectors DO - 10.4224/23001192 AU - Wang, Sheng-Hui AU - Tadic, Dan DA - 2016/05 PY - 2016 PB - National Research Council Canada. Energy, Mining and Environment LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 67a43413-9d42-4b13-aa35-594536ca5446 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The combustion and emissions performance of a syngas-diesel dual fuel compression ignition engine DO - 10.1115/ICEF2016-9367 AU - Guo, Hongsheng AU - Neill, W. Stuart AU - Liko, Brian T2 - Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Fall Technical Conference, ICEF 2016 T3 - ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Fall Technical Conference, October 9-12, 2016, Greenville, South Carolina, USA SN - 978-0-7918-5050-3 SP - ICEF2016-9367 SP - V001T03A006 KW - combustion; fuels; syngas; diesel; diesel engines; emissions AB - Remote communities in Canada heavily rely on reciprocating diesel generators for heat and power generation. These engines utilize diesel fuel that is imported at great expense and generate green-house gas (GHG) and pollutant emissions. Replacing diesel fuel in these engines by syngas derived from a thermo-chemical treatment of local renewable biomass can not only lower the fuel cost but also reduce GHG and pollutant emissions for remote communities. Besides, syngas-diesel dual fuel combustion can maintain the ability to revert back to diesel operation and therefore ensure reliable heat and power supply when syngas is not available. In this study, the combustion and emissions performance of a syngas-diesel dual fuel engine was investigated at low and medium loads. A single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was modified to operate using a dual fuel strategy. The diesel fuel was directly injected to the cylinder, while syngas was injected into the intake port. The effects of syngas fraction and composition on energy efficiency, cylinder pressure, exhaust temperature, and combustion stability were recorded and analyzed. The emissions data, including PM, NOx, CO, and unburned hydrocarbon, were also analyzed and reported in the paper. The results suggest that the substitution of diesel by a syngas caused a slight decrease in brake thermal efficiency and an increase in CO emissions. The effect of a syngas on soot emissions depended on the composition and/or quality. The inert component content of a syngas significantly affected NOx emissions in a syngas-diesel dual fuel internal combustion engine. DA - 2016/10/09 PY - 2016 PB - The American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b2d8b745-6b68-41e4-9667-1ad91fbe6820 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Weld cladding for mining and mineral processing: a Canadian perspective AU - Wang, Sheng-Hui AU - Tadic, D. AU - Jiang, Jimmy AU - McKinnell, J. T2 - CWA Journal SN - 1714-6410 VL - 2016 IS - August SP - 52 EP - 66 AB - A snapshot of weld cladding in Canadian mining and mineral processing sectors has been acquired through a technological market research, including analyses of publicly available information (such as various technical and trade articles) and the results of an industry survey. The findings are discussed in this article, with the results of the survey presented in Appendix A. DA - 2016/08/16 PY - 2016 PB - Canadian Welding Association LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e0d7456f-6530-4e13-a555-5893399b651f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Testing the accuracy of low-cost data streams for determining single-person office occupancy and their use for energy reduction of building services DO - 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.029 AU - Newsham, Guy R. AU - Xue, Henry AU - Arsenault, Chantal AU - Valdes, Julio J. AU - Burns, Greg J. AU - Scarlett, Elizabeth AU - Kruithof, Steven G. AU - Shen, Weiming T2 - Energy and Buildings SN - 0378-7788 SN - 1872-6178 VL - 135 SP - 137 EP - 147 KW - occupancy; sensors; office buildings; lighting; HVAC AB - We explored methods of detecting occupancy in single-person offices using data already collected by the occupant’s PC, or data from relatively cheap sensors added to the PC. We collected data at 15-s intervals for up to 31 days in each of 28 offices. A combination of low/no cost sensors (webcam-based motion detection, and keyboard and mouse activity) was much more accurate at detecting occupancy than a commercial ceiling-based passive infrared (PIR) sensor, and provided overall daytime accuracy >90%, with very low false negative rates. This enhanced detection performance would enable a reduction in the timeout periods for building service curtailment on space vacancy. For example, lighting switch-off timeout could be reduced from the current energy code standard of 20 min to less than 5 min, increasing energy savings potential by 25–45%. We then deployed this system in a proof-of-concept demonstration, using it to control lighting, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and plug loads in a mock-up office environment. Tests were run over nine occupied days (six in cooling season, three in heating season). The system delivered energy savings of 15–68%, with no reported false negative errors. DA - 2016/11/20 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8dd905f5-6b28-4f14-9119-6435285da6a7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrated polarization controllers DO - 10.1109/PIERS.2016.7734469 AU - Alonso-ramos, C. AU - Sarmiento-merenguel, J. D. AU - Halir, R. AU - Le roux, X. AU - Vivien, L. AU - Cheben, P. AU - Duran-valdeiglesias, E. AU - Molina-fernandez, I. AU - Marris-morini, D. AU - Xu, D.-X. AU - Schmid, J. H. AU - Janz, S. AU - Ortega-monux, A. T2 - 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS) T3 - 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS), August 8-11, 2016, Shanghai, China SN - 978-1-5090-6093-1 SP - 787 EP - 787 AB - Polarization management is a key functionality in many photonic applications including telecommunications, polarization diversity circuits and sensing, to name a few. Developing integrated circuits capable of reliably controlling polarization state would result in compact and low cost circuits with improved stability, compared with fiber or bulk optics solutions. Polarization rotators are a key building block of these circuits. Unfortunately, stringent fabrication tolerances make the integration of polarization rotators highly challenging. The main limitation arises from the need to tightly control the profile of the hybrid modes in the rotator waveguide as well as their relative phase shift during propagation. Both values are very sensitive to waveguide geometry variations, seriously hindering their practical application. We have developed a technology independent scheme that enables fabrication error compensation, substantially relaxing device tolerances. In our scheme, three polarization rotation waveguides are interconnected with two tunable phase shifters to correct geometry deviations. Interestingly, these phase shifters also enable dynamic wavelength tuning and output polarization extinction ratio selection. We also showed that, by adding an output phase shifter, we can control the relative phase. Hence, we can yield any desired output state of polarization. We have implemented this scheme in the silicon-on-insulator platform using simple waveguide heaters as tunable phase shifters. We experimentally demonstrated an unprecedented polarization extinction range of 40 dB (±20 dB). Furthermore, the device showed a 98% coverage of the Poincaré sphere with a tunability range covering the complete C-band. These results prove the potential of our scheme to alleviate the, otherwise, very stringent fabrication tolerances, overcoming the major limitation of current integrated polarization managing devices. DA - 2016/08 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : fec7c24d-36eb-402f-9d70-ff92ad7f87ee ER - TY - JOUR TI - Subwavelength engineering in silicon photonics DO - 10.1109/PIERS.2016.7734470 AU - Schmid, J. H. AU - Cheben, P. AU - Xu, D.-X. AU - Janz, S. AU - Lapointe, J. AU - Rahim, M. AU - Wang, S. AU - Vachon, M. AU - Halir, R. AU - Ortega-monux, A. AU - Wanguemert-perez, G. AU - Molina-fernandez, I. AU - Pond, J. AU - Benedikovic, D. AU - Dado, M. AU - Ye, W. N. AU - Papes, M. AU - Vasinek, V. T2 - 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS) T3 - 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS), August 8-11, 2016, Shanghai, China SN - 978-1-5090-6093-1 SP - 788 EP - 788 AB - Subwavelength engineering in silicon photonic integrated circuits is a powerful design tool that allows one to synthesize an effective photonic medium with adjustable refractive index. This creates a new degree of freedom in photonic circuit design. We present an overview of the fundamental concept and its application to address several important practical challenges in the implementation of silicon photonics as a next generation photonics platform for telecom, datacom and sensing. In particular, we report our results in developing highly efficient and broadband fiber-chip couplers for silicon photonic wire waveguides using subwavelength engineered edge coupling structures. We experimentally demonstrate a coupling efficiency of -0.4 dB and polarization independent operation for a broad spectral range exceeding 100 nm for optical fiber with a core diameter of 3.2 μm. For coupling to standard SMF-28 fiber with 10.4 μm mode field diameter we numerically demonstrate a subwavelength engineered overlayer structure composed of SiO2 and Si3N4 which exhibits an overall coupling efficiency exceeding 90%. We have also used our subwavelength structure for coupling experiments with a conventional InGaAsP/InP buried heterostructure laser at λ = 1.3 μm with a measured near field mode size of 2.1 μm×2.8 μm. Peak coupling efficiency is 1.5 dB with 1-dB alignment tolerance of approximately ±1.2 μm horizontally and ±0.8 μm vertically. We further present subwavelength engineered grating couplers fabricated in a single-etch step for the telecom (1.55 μm) and datacom (1.3 μm) wavelengths with efficiencies exceeding -0.5 dB. Further applications that will be discussed include waveguide crossings, microspectrometers, ultra-fast optical switches, athermal waveguides, evanescent field sensors, polarization rotators and colorless interference couplers. DA - 2016/08 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f94340d0-f185-48b9-b54a-e80716a43eaa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fourier-transform on-chip microspectrometers DO - 10.1109/PIERS.2016.7734234 AU - Velasco, Aitor V. AU - Cheben, Pavel AU - Calvo, Maria L. AU - Delage, Andre AU - Schmid, Jens H. AU - Lapointe, Jean AU - Janz, Siegfried AU - Xu, Dan-xia AU - Vachon, Martin AU - Nedeljkovic, Milos AU - Khokhar, Ali Z. AU - Mashanovich, Goran Z. AU - Herrero-bermello, Alaine AU - Corredera, Pedro T2 - 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS) T3 - 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS), August 8-11, 2016, Shanghai, China SN - 978-1-5090-6093-1 SP - 60 EP - 61 AB - We present some of the latest developments in silicon-based Fourier-transform microspectrometers for the near and mid-infrared. The devices comprise waveguide arrays of Mach-Zehnder interferometers with linearly increasing optical path differences, enabling scan-less spectral retrieval with large radiant throughput. Resolutions down to 40pm are experimentally demonstrated. Spatial heterodyne Fourier-transform (SHFT) spectrometry is an interferometric technique which circumvents the need of moving elements and provides an increased έtendue. The SHFT scheme can be implemented with a waveguide array of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) with linearly increasing optical path differences. The high refractive index contrast of the SOI platform and the waveguide bend radius of ~ 5 μm readily allow achieving high resolutions in a reduced footprint. We report three alternative implementations of the SHFT principle in SOI waveguides. Firstly, a SHFT chip with Si-wire microphotonic spirals, reaching a resolution of 40 pm at a central wavelength near 1.5 μm. Secondly, a SHFT micro-spectrometer with subwavelength gratings for refractive index engineering of the optical delay lines. Finally, an extension of the SHFT scheme to the mid-infrared, addressing specific challenges of this spectral region such as efficient coupling and power splitting structures, and robust performance over a substantially broader free spectral range. SHFT spectrometers are promising for a wide range of applications, including chemical and biological sensing, astronomy, communications, hand-held spectroscopy, and sensing from satellites or planetary rowers. Furthermore, the resolution of these devices can be readily scaled up to very long optical delays, opening a new pathway toward possibly overcoming current resolution limits of state-of-the-art spectroscopic instruments. DA - 2016/08 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 577da6a4-450b-40f2-9a58-aafa7a00ac69 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Subwavelength engineered structures for integrated photonics DO - 10.1109/PIERS.2016.7735235 AU - Cheben, P. AU - Schmid, J. H. AU - Xu, D.-X. AU - Janz, S. AU - Lapointe, J. AU - Wang, S. AU - Vachon, M. AU - Benedikovic, D. AU - Alonso-ramos, C. AU - Vivien, L. AU - Halir, R. AU - Ortega-monux, A. AU - Wanguemert-perez, G. AU - Molina-fernandez, I. AU - Dado, M. AU - Mullerova, J. AU - Soler penades, J. AU - Nedeljkovic, M. AU - Mashanovich, G. Z. T2 - 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS) T3 - 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS), August 8-11, 2016, Shanghai, China SN - 978-1-5090-6093-1 SP - 3162 EP - 3162 AB - We report our advances in development of subwavelength engineered structures for integrated photonics. This unique technology allows synthesis of an effective photonic medium with an unprecedented control of material properties, constituting a powerful tool for a designer of photonic integrated circuits. By locally engineering the refractive index of silicon by forming a pattern of holes at the subwavelength scale it is possible to manipulate the flow of light in silicon photonic waveguides. We have demonstrated a number of subwavelength engineered devices operating at telecom wavelengths, including fiber-chip couplers, waveguide crossings, WDM multiplexers, ultra-fast optical switches, athermal waveguides, evanescent field sensors, polarization rotators, transceiver hybrids and colorless interference couplers. The subwavelength metamaterial concept has been adopted by industry (IBM) for fiber-chip coupling and subwavelength engineered structures are likely to become key building blocks for the next generation of integrated photonic circuits. We present an overview of different implementations of these structures in silicon photonic integrated circuits, such as high-efficiency fiber-chip couplers, wavelength multiplexers, microspectrometers, waveguide crossovers, ultra-broadband splitters and mid-infrared waveguide components, to name a few. DA - 2016/08 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1c23c1ce-ac04-49f0-894c-d3c2d84275b3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An active learning approach for ensemble-based data stream mining DO - 10.5220/0006047402750282 AU - Alabdulrahman, Rabaa AU - Viktor, Herna AU - Paquet, Eric T2 - Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management T3 - 8th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, November 9-11, 2016, Porto, Portugal SN - 978-989-758-203-5 SP - 275 EP - 282 AB - Data streams, where an instance is only seen once and where a limited amount of data can be buffered for processing at a later time, are omnipresent in today’s real-world applications. In this context, adaptive online ensembles that are able to learn incrementally have been developed. However, the issue of handling data that arrives asynchronously has not received enough attention. Often, the true class label arrives after with a time-lag, which is problematic for existing adaptive learning techniques. It is not realistic to require that all class labels be made available at training time. This issue is further complicated by the presence of late-arriving, slowly changing dimensions (i.e., late-arriving descriptive attributes). The aim of active learning is to construct accurate models when few labels are available. Thus, active learning has been proposed as a way to obtain such missing labels in a data stream classification setting. To this end, this paper introduces an active online ensemble (AOE) algorithm that extends online ensembles with an active learning component. Our experimental results demonstrate that our AOE algorithm builds accurate models against much smaller ensemble sizes, when compared to traditional ensemble learning algorithms. Further, our models are constructed against small, incremental data sets, thus reducing the number of examples that are required to build accurate ensembles. DA - 2016/11/09 PY - 2016 PB - SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e1406891-1212-456c-b4b0-5a02d2443351 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measurement of residual stresses in linear friction welded in-service inconel 718 superalloy DO - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.879.1800 AU - Smith, M. AU - Bichler, L. AU - Sediako, D. AU - Wanjara, P. AU - Gholipour, J. T2 - Materials Science Forum T3 - Thermec 2016, International Conference on Processing and manufacturing of Advanced Materials, Processing, Fabrication, Properties, Applications, May 29-June3, 2016, Graz, Austria SN - 1662-9752 VL - 879 SP - 1800 EP - 1806 AB - Measurement of residual strains by neutron diffraction of linear friction welded Inconel® 718 (IN 718) superalloy acquired from a mid-service aero-engine disk was undertaken in this study. Residual strain and stress throughout the various weld regions including the heat affected zone (HAZ), thermomechanical affected zone (TMAZ) and dynamically recrystallized zone (DRX) were characterized. The residual stresses were observed to increase from the base material to the weld interface, with a peak stress at the weld interface in all orthogonal directions. The trends for residual stress across the weld are in agreement with other work published in literature for solid state welding of aerospace alloys, where high residual stresses were commonly reported at the weld interface. DA - 2016/11 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 44324610-7ee2-4c7e-9e8e-3a0580179be0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Testing proposal for an optically tracked CMM (OTCMM) in a pre-normative context AU - Beraldin, J.-A. AU - Cournoyer, Luc AU - MacKinnon, David Kenneth T3 - The Coordinate Metrology Society Conference (CMSC), July 24-30, 2016, SE Nashville, Tennessee AB - The current sets of internationally-recognized standards and some national guidelines in the area of coordinate measurement systems (CMS) represent a fundamental way to ensure better communication about a system’s specifications between users and manufacturers. The documentary and physical standards produced to date help solve part of an issue faced by companies that integrate contact or non-contact three-dimensional (3D) coordinate measurement machines (CMM) into their production pipeline: deciding in which technology to invest. Quality CMMs typically involve a significant investment when considering the cost of equipment, training, software, and maintenance contracts over the functional lifetime of a given system or systems, notwithstanding the requirements of the global nature of manufacturing activities. With recent interests in portable CMMs, documentary and physical standards have attracted the attention of industrial users and the technical community at large. Both tethered like articulated arm CMM (AACMM) and untethered like optically tracked CMM (OTCMM) systems have emerged from being nice to have to the must have 3D equipment on the shop floor. Portability and flexibility for in-process product measurements and verification are displacing more traditional methods that require fixed gantries especially when OTCMM are combined with vibration tracking ancillary devices that can dampen the effects of typical shop floor on the quality of 3D measured coordinates. DA - 2016/07/28 PY - 2016 UR - https://www.cmsc.org/contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/10859 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1fd1f818-8c5e-49da-89c7-6010b26e5989 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Homologous prime-boost vaccination with OVA entrapped in self-adjuvanting archaeosomes induces high numbers of OVA-Specific CD8+ T cells that protect against subcutaneous B16-OVA melanoma DO - 10.3390/vaccines4040044 AU - Stark, Felicity AU - Mccluskie, Michael AU - Krishnan, Lakshmi T2 - Vaccines SN - 2076-393X VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 44 KW - CD8 T cell response; archaeosome; prime-boost; B16; liposome; tumor vaccine; central memory; effector memory AB - Homologous prime-boost vaccinations with live vectors typically fail to induce repeated strong CD8+ T cell responses due to the induction of anti-vector immunity, highlighting the need for alternative delivery vehicles. The unique ether lipids of archaea may be constituted into liposomes, archaeosomes, which do not induce anti-carrier responses, making them an ideal candidate for use in repeat vaccination systems. Herein, we evaluated in mice the maximum threshold of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses that may be induced by multiple homologous immunizations with ovalbumin (OVA) entrapped in archaeosomes derived from the ether glycerolipids of the archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii (MS-OVA). Up to three immunizations with MS-OVA administered in optimized intervals (to allow for sufficient resting of the primed cells prior to boosting), induced a potent anti-OVA CD8+ T cell response of up to 45% of all circulating CD8+ T cells. Additional MS-OVA injections did not add any further benefit in increasing the memory of CD8+ T cell frequency. In contrast, OVA expressed by Listeria monocytogenes (LM-OVA), an intracellular bacterial vector failed to evoke a boosting effect after the second injection, resulting in significantly reduced antigen-specific CD8+ T cell frequencies. Furthermore, repeated vaccination with MS-OVA skewed the response increasingly towards an effector memory (CD62low) phenotype. Vaccinated animals were challenged with B16-OVA at late time points after vaccination (+7 months) and were afforded protection compared to control. Therefore, archaeosomes constituted a robust particulate delivery system to unravel the kinetics of CD8+ T cell response induction and memory maintenance and constitute an efficient vaccination regimen optimized for tumor protection. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 47ccb66d-22f3-4b57-af88-ccd491e36d86 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stainless steel electrodes to determine biodiesel content in petroleum diesel fuel by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy DO - 10.1002/elan.201600504 AU - Pereira, Thulio césar AU - Delfino, José R. AU - Ferreira, Antônio A. P. AU - Barros, Fernando José S. AU - Marques, Edmar P. AU - Zhang, Jiujun AU - Marques, Aldaléa L. B. T2 - Electroanalysis SN - 1040-0397 AB - The blending ratio of biodiesel in petroleum diesel has become one of the most important parameters to ensure the quality of diesel/biodiesel blend. This paper presents a fast and simple method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine the biodiesel content in diesel fuel. Different from the method reported in the literature, using a pair of two identical screen printed carbon paste electrodes, in the present work we used two electrodes made from 304 stainless steel with dimensions of 0.8×0.3 cm for the EIS measurements. Improved results were obtained in terms of sensitivity, stability of measurements, electrode reuse, and cost. In this procedure the charge transfer resistance is proportionally related to the biodiesel content, which is used to construct a calibration curve for the analysis of biodiesel content. The procedure was validated by an official method, using two samples, being one of them, certified through an official interlaboratory program of the Brazilian government (Interlaboratory Program for Biodiesel of National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (PIB)/ANP). Good results were obtained in terms of recovery (102.6 %-102.8 %), precision (coefficient of variation lower than 2.3 %), limit of detection (0.24 %) and limit of quantification (0.80 %). These results indicate that this method is sufficiently suitable as an alternative method to the official method for determining biodiesel content in commercial diesel fuel. DA - 2016/11 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7c0ac7c4-86c4-47fe-bb55-eb17754aec12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Technical challenges in narrow-gap root pass welding during tandem and hybrid laser-arc welding of a thick martensitic stainless steel DO - 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.879.1305 AU - Mirakhorli, F. AU - Cao, X. AU - Pham, X. T. AU - Wanjara, Priti AU - Fihey, J.L. T2 - Materials Science Forum SN - 1662-9752 VL - 879 SP - 1305 EP - 1310 AB - As part of a collaborative program to develop advanced manufacturing processes for next-generation hydraulic turbines, this study investigated the technological challenges for joining 25-mm thick martensitic stainless steel (MSS) plates using tandem and hybrid laser-arc welding. Although candidate materials for the intended application typically include wrought AISI 415 and cast CA6NM, a martensitic 410 stainless steel (SS) was especially selected in this study due to its greater crack sensitivity. A narrow-gap groove was designed to minimize the amount of 410NiMo filler metal required to fill the groove using a multi-pass single-sided welding technique. All the welding trials were performed using a 5.2 kW fiber laser. The root-pass quality was characterized in terms of weld bead geometry, defects and microstructure. The main technical challenges observed for the root pass were lack of penetration, lack of fusion and cracking, as detailed in this work. DA - 2016/11 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d9086d6d-afdb-4f17-820e-7b6909dd82f7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating Data Abstraction Assistant, a novel software application for data abstraction during systematic reviews: protocol for a randomized controlled trial DO - 10.1186/s13643-016-0373-7 AU - Saldanha, Ian J. AU - Schmid, Christopher H. AU - Lau, Joseph AU - Dickersin, Kay AU - Berlin, Jesse A. AU - Jap, Jens AU - Smith, Bryant T. AU - Carini, Simona AU - Chan, Wiley AU - De bruijn, Berry AU - Wallace, Byron C. AU - Hutfless, Susan M. AU - Sim, Ida AU - Murad, M. Hassan AU - Walsh, Sandra A. AU - Whamond, Elizabeth J. AU - Li, Tianjing T2 - Systematic Reviews SN - 2046-4053 VL - 5 IS - 1 KW - data abstraction; systematic reviews; randomized controlled trial AB - Data abstraction, a critical systematic review step, is time-consuming and prone to errors. Current standards for approaches to data abstraction rest on a weak evidence base. We developed the Data Abstraction Assistant (DAA), a novel software application designed to facilitate the abstraction process by allowing users to (1) view study article PDFs juxtaposed to electronic data abstraction forms linked to a data abstraction system, (2) highlight (or “pin”) the location of the text in the PDF, and (3) copy relevant text from the PDF into the form. We describe the design of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compares the relative effectiveness of (A) DAA-facilitated single abstraction plus verification by a second person, (B) traditional (non-DAA-facilitated) single abstraction plus verification by a second person, and (C) traditional independent dual abstraction plus adjudication to ascertain the accuracy and efficiency of abstraction. DA - 2016/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ea378348-0082-486a-9614-b09c2b6e422b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultra-broadband nanophotonic beamsplitter using an anisotropic sub-wavelength metamaterial DO - 10.1002/lpor.201600213 AU - Halir, Robert AU - Cheben, Pavel AU - Luque-gonzález, José manuel AU - Sarmiento-merenguel, Jose darío AU - Schmid, Jens H. AU - Wangüemert-pérez, Gonzalo AU - Xu, Dan-xia AU - Wang, Shurui AU - Ortega-moñux, Alejandro AU - Molina-fernández, Íñigo T2 - Laser and Photonics Reviews SN - 1863-8880 VL - 10 IS - 6 SP - 1039 EP - 1046 AB - Nanophotonic beamsplitters are fundamental building blocks in integrated optics, with applications ranging from high speed telecom receivers to biological sensors and quantum splitters. While high-performance multiport beamsplitters have been demonstrated in several material platforms using multimode interference couplers, their operation bandwidth remains fundamentally limited. Here, we leverage the inherent anisotropy and dispersion of a sub-wavelength structured photonic metamaterial to demonstrate ultra-broadband integrated beamsplitting. Our device, which is three times more compact than its conventional counterpart, can achieve high-performance operation over an unprecedented 500 nm design bandwidth exceeding all optical communication bands combined, and making it one of the most broadband silicon photonics components reported to date. Our demonstration paves the way toward nanophotonic waveguide components with ultra-broadband operation for next generation integrated photonic systems. DA - 2016/11/22 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c6077f10-2877-4966-bc43-61e1e3f4ec4e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probing allocrite preferences of 2 naturally occurring variants of the wheat LR34 ABC transporter DO - 10.1139/bcb-2016-0058 AU - Rajagopalan, Nandhakishore AU - Halasz, Annamaria AU - Lu, Yuping AU - Liu, Enwu AU - Monteil-rivera, Fanny AU - Loewen, Michele C. T2 - Biochemistry and Cell Biology T2 - Biochimie et biologie cellulaire SN - 0829-8211 SN - 1208-6002 VL - 94 IS - 5 SP - 459 EP - 470 KW - leaf rust; PDR/ABCG transporter; leaf tip necrosis (LTN); adult plant resistance (APR) KW - rouille de la feuille; transporteur PDR/ABCG; nécrose des extrémités foliaires; résistance des plants adultes AB - For almost a century, the wheat Lr34 gene has conferred durable resistance against fungal rust diseases. While sequence homology predicts a putative ATP binding cassette transporter, the molecules that are transported (allocrites) by the encoded LR34 variants, and any associated mechanism of resistance, remain enigmatic. Here, the in vitro transport characteristics of 2 naturally occurring Lr34 variants (that differ in their ability to mediate disease resistance; Lr34sus and Lr34res) are investigated. Initially, a method to express and purify recombinant LR34Sus and LR34Res pseudo half-molecules from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is described. Subsequently, a semi-targeted chlorophyll catabolite (CC) extraction from Lr34res-expressing wheat plants was performed based on previous reports highlighting increased accumulation of CCs in Lr34res-expressing flag leaves. Following partial biochemical characterization, this extract was applied to an LR34 in vitro proteoliposome transport assay. Mass spectroscopic analyses of transported metabolites revealed that LR34Sus imported a wheat metabolite of 618 Da and that the LR34Res transporter did not. While the identity of the LR34Sus transported metabolite remains to be confirmed and any allocrites of LR34Res remain to be detected, this work demonstrates that these variants have different allocrite preferences, a finding that may be relevant to the mechanism of disease resistance. AB - Pendant près d’un siècle, le gène Lr34 du blé a conféré une résistance durable contre les rouilles. Alors que l’homologie des séquences prédise un transporteur ABC présumé (« ATP binding cassette »), les molécules transportées (allocrites) par les variants de LR34, et les mécanismes de résistance associés demeurent énigmatiques. Les caractéristiques de transport in vitro de 2 variants naturels de Lr34 (qui diffèrent quant à leur capacité de conférer la résistance à la maladie; Lr34sus et Lr34res), sont étudiées ici. Une méthode permettant d’exprimer et de purifier des pseudo demi-molécules recombinantes LR34Sus et LR34Res de Saccharomyces cerevisiae est initialement décrite. Une extraction semi-ciblée de catabolites de la chlorophylle (CC) de plants de blé exprimant Lr34res a ensuite été réalisée sur la base de rapports précédents soulignant l’accumulation accrue de CC dans les feuilles culminaires de plants exprimant Lr34res. À la suite d’une caractérisation biochimique partielle, cet extrait a été soumis à un test de transport in vitro par protéoliposome de LR34. Des analyses par spectroscopie de masse des métabolites transportés ont révélé que LR34Sus importait un métabolite du blé de 618 Da contrairement au transporteur LR34Res. Alors que l’identité du métabolite transporté par LR34Sus reste à confirmer et que les allocrites de LR34Res restent à détecter, ce travail démontre que ces variants possèdent des préférences différentes quant aux allocrites qu’ils transportent, une constatation qui pourrait être pertinente au mécanisme de résistance à la maladie. DA - 2016/10 PY - 2016 PB - National Research Council Canada. Research Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : bfca2289-bd50-4635-8073-3a090d33dd6b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cell wall biomolecular composition plays a potential role in the host type II resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00910 AU - Lahlali, Rachid AU - Kumar, Saroj AU - Wang, Lipu AU - Forseille, Li AU - Sylvain, Nicole AU - Korbas, Malgorzata AU - Muir, David AU - Swerhone, George AU - Lawrence, John R. AU - Fobert, Pierre R. AU - Peng, Gary AU - Karunakaran, Chithra T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology SN - 1664-302X VL - 7 AB - Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat worldwide. Cultivar resistance to FHB depends on biochemical factors that confine the pathogen spread in spikes. Breeding for cultivar resistance is considered the most practical way to manage this disease. In this study, different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques were applied to discriminate resistance in wheat genotypes against FHB. Synchrotron-based spectroscopy and imaging techniques, including focal plane array infrared and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy were used to understand changes in biochemical and nutrients in rachis following FHB infection. Sumai3 and Muchmore were used to represent resistant and susceptible cultivars to FHB, respectively, in this study. The histological comparison of rachis showed substantial differences in the cell wall thickness between the cultivars after infection. Synchrotron-based infrared imaging emphasized substantial difference in biochemical composition of rachis samples between the two cultivars prior to visible symptoms; in the resistant Sumai3, infrared bands representing lignin and hemicellulose were stronger and more persistent compared to the susceptible cultivar. These bands may be the candidates of biochemical markers for FHB resistance. Focal plane array infrared imaging (FPA) spectra from the rachis epidermis and vascular bundles revealed a new band (1710 cm-1) related to the oxidative stress on the susceptible cultivar only. XRF spectroscopy data revealed differences in nutrients composition between cultivars, and between controls and inoculated samples, with substantial increases observed for Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Si in the resistant cultivar. These nutrients are related to cell wall stability, metabolic process, and plant defense mechanisms such as lignification pathway and callose deposition. The combination of cell wall composition and lignification plays a role in the mechanism of type II host resistance to FHB. Biochemical profiling using the synchrotron-based spectroscopy holds potential for screening wheat genotypes for FHB resistance. © 2016 Lahlali, Kumar, Wang, Forseille, Sylvain, Korbas, Muir, Swerhone, Lawrence, Fobert, Peng and Karunakaran. DA - 2016/06/27 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c73568da-d98e-4baf-a0e4-7dab5bd3792d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multi-trait and multi-environment QTL analysis reveals the impact of seed colour on seed composition traits in Brassica napus DO - 10.1007/s11032-016-0521-8 AU - Yu, Bianyun AU - Boyle, Kerry AU - Zhang, Wentao AU - Robinson, Stephen J. AU - Higgins, Erin AU - Ehman, Lanette AU - Relf-eckstein, Jo-anne AU - Rakow, Gerhard AU - Parkin, Isobel A. P. AU - Sharpe, Andrew G. AU - Fobert, Pierre R. T2 - Molecular Breeding SN - 1380-3743 SN - 1572-9788 VL - 36 IS - 8 SP - 111 KW - brassica napus; seed colour; seed composition; QTLMulti-trait; multi-environment AB - Brassica napus seed composition traits (fibre, protein, oil and fatty acid profiles), seed colour and yield-associated traits are regulated by a complex network of genetic factors. Although previous studies have attempted to dissect the underlying genetic basis for these traits, a more complete picture of the available quantitative trait loci (QTL) variation and any interaction between the different traits is required. In this study, QTL mapping for eleven seed composition traits, seed colour and a yield-related trait (TSW) was conducted in a spring-type canola-quality B. napus doubled haploid (DH) population from a cross between black-seeded (DH12075) and yellow-seeded (YN01-429) lines across five environments. A major QTL associated with fibre traits (acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and neutral detergent fibre) and seed colour (whiteness index) was mapped on chromosome N9 across the five environments. Multi-trait analysis identified QTL which had pleiotropic effect for seed colour and other composition traits. Multi-environment analysis revealed genetic (QTL) × environment effects on most QTL. These findings provide a more detailed insight into the complex QTL networks controlling seed composition and yield-associated traits in canola-quality B. napus. DA - 2016/07/22 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : bbfc7abb-5b77-4d55-a37a-85d08ea6b340 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Frequency analysis of temperature-dependent interferometric signal for the measurement of the temperature coefficient of refractive index DO - 10.1063/1.4958820 AU - Zhou, Jianqin AU - Shen, Jun AU - Neill, W. Stuart T2 - Review of Scientific Instruments SN - 0034-6748 SN - 1089-7623 VL - 87 IS - 7 SP - 073104 KW - temperature coefficient of refractive index; peak analysis; frequency analysis; noise reduction AB - A method of frequency analysis for the measurement of the temperature coefficient of refractive index (dn/dT) using a Fabry–Perot interferometer was developed and tested against ethanol and water. The temperature-dependent interferometric signal described by Airy’s formula was analyzed in both the temperature and frequency domains. By fast Fourier transform, a low-pass filter was designed and employed to eliminate the noise superimposed on the signal. dn/dT was determined accurately from the noise-removed signal by peak analysis. Furthermore, the signal frequency parameters may be utilized for the material thermophysical property characterization. This method lays the foundation for an online dn/dT instrument for monitoring chemical processes. DA - 2016/07/19 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c0eb6f16-89d8-4e81-b014-0c8387a943e1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phaseic acid: an endogenous and reversible inhibitor of glutamate receptors in mouse brain DO - 10.1074/jbc.M116.756429 AU - Hou, Sheng T. AU - Jiang, Susan X. AU - Zaharia, L. Irina AU - Han, Xiumei AU - Benson, Chantel L. AU - Slinn, Jacqueline AU - Abrams, Suzanne R. T2 - Journal of Biological Chemistry SN - 0021-9258 SN - 1083-351X SP - jbc.M116.756429 KW - Phaseic acid; abscisic acid; UPLC/MS/MS; endothelial cells; choroid plexus; cerebrospinal fluid; cerebral ischemia AB - Phaseic acid (PA) is a phytohormone regulating important physiological functions in higher plants. Here, we show the presence of naturally occurring (-)-PA in mouse and rat brains. (-)-PA is exclusively present in the choroid plexus and the cerebral vascular endothelial cells. Purified (-)-PA has no toxicity and protects cultured cortical neurons against glutamate toxicity through reversible inhibition of glutamate receptors. Focal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) elicited a significant induction in (-)-PA expression in the CSF, but not in the peripheral blood. Importantly, (-)-PA induction only occurred in the penumbra area, indicting a protective role of PA in the brain. Indeed, elevating (-)-PA level in the brain reduced ischemic brain injury, while reducing (-)-PA level using a monoclonal antibody against (-)-PA increased ischemic injury. Collectively, these studies showed for the first time that (-)-PA is an endogenous neuroprotective molecule capable of reversible inhibiting glutamate receptors during ischemic brain injury. DA - 2016/11/18 PY - 2016 PB - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3d585ba4-1b44-4f27-9795-6bb4efa62f4e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Facile synthesis of NiCo₂O₄ nanosphere-carbon nanotubes hybrid as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries DO - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.022 AU - Ma, Chengyu AU - Xu, Nengneng AU - Qiao, Jinli AU - Jian, Saisai AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy SN - 0360-3199 VL - 41 IS - 21 SP - 9211 EP - 9218 KW - NiCo₂O₄ nanosphere; Hydrothermal process; Bifunctional catalysts; Rechargeable zinc–air battery AB - Developing low-cost non-precious metal catalysts for high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable. In this work, both the primary and rechargeable Zn–air batteries with NiCo₂O₄ nanosphere and carbon nanotubes hybrid (NiCo₂O₄-CNTs) as cathode catalyst are reported. The catalysts are synthesized through a facile one-pot precipitation reaction and hydrothermal process, which exhibited highly active bi-functional catalytic activity for both ORR and OER. Using NiCo₂O₄-CNTs hybrid as a cathode catalyst, the resulting practical primary and electrochemically rechargeable Zn–air batteries give a promising discharge peak power density as high as 320 mW cm⁻², and a high current density 210 mA cm⁻² at 1.0 V. Also, the rechargeable Zn–air batteries in a two-electrode configuration exhibits an unprecedented small charge–discharge voltage polarization of ∼0.75 V at 10 mA cm⁻², high reversibility and stability over long charge and discharge cycles. The high performance is believed to be induced by the hybrid effect (coupling effect) among NiCo₂O₄ and CNTs, which can produce a synergy enhancement for both catalytic ORR and OER. DA - 2016/03/27 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ca3835ad-f142-42d0-bc24-460741757cb3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Automatic screening and grading of age-related macular degeneration from texture analysis of fundus images DO - 10.1155/2016/5893601 AU - Phan, Thanh vân AU - Seoud, Lama AU - Chakor, Hadi AU - Cheriet, Farida T2 - Journal of Ophthalmology SN - 2090-004X SN - 2090-0058 VL - 2016 SP - 5893601 AB - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease which causes visual deficiency and irreversible blindness to the elderly. In this paper, an automatic classification method for AMD is proposed to perform robust and reproducible assessments in a telemedicine context. First, a study was carried out to highlight the most relevant features for AMD characterization based on texture, color, and visual context in fundus images. A support vector machine and a random forest were used to classify images according to the different AMD stages following the AREDS protocol and to evaluate the features’ relevance. Experiments were conducted on a database of 279 fundus images coming from a telemedicine platform. The results demonstrate that local binary patterns in multiresolution are the most relevant for AMD classification, regardless of the classifier used. Depending on the classification task, our method achieves promising performances with areas under the ROC curve between 0.739 and 0.874 for screening and between 0.469 and 0.685 for grading. Moreover, the proposed automatic AMD classification system is robust with respect to image quality. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Hindawi Publishing Corporation LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0cbb5c28-7c1a-48bc-8cee-a33dade6f153 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of reducing agent on the structure and activity of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) in catalytic combustion of o-xylene DO - 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.05.024 AU - Wu, Yinsu AU - Feng, Rui AU - Song, Chaojie AU - Xing, Shengtao AU - Gao, Yuanzhe AU - Ma, Zichuan T2 - Catalysis Today SN - 09205861 VL - 281 IS - Part 3 SP - 500 EP - 506 KW - OMS-2; Oxygen vacancy; o-Xylene; Catalytic combustion AB - Manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) with different microstructures were synthesized via simple wet chemical methods of KMnO₄/benzyl alcohol and KMnO₄/Mn(NO₃)₂ at room-temperature (the products were denoted as B-OMS-2 and N-OMS-2, respectively). The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized using numerous analytical techniques. The catalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated for the complete catalytic oxidation of a typical volatile organic compound (VOCs), o-xylene. It was found that B-OMS-2 presented a loose structure, and contained almost 100% Mn⁴⁺, while N-OMS-2 possessed a mixture of Mn⁴⁺ and Mn³⁺. H₂-TPR and O₂-TPO analyses showed that B-OMS-2 exhibited good low-temperature reducibility and high oxygen exchange ability with gas phase oxygen. The microstructure difference was caused by different reducing reagents used in the synthesis. Benzyl alcohol might adsorb on the surface of MnO₂ nuclei acting as a ligand and/or structure-directing agent, and the desorption of the organic compound led to the formation of bulk oxygen vacancy in B-OMS-2. B-OMS-2 could convert 100% o-xylene into CO₂ at 190 °C at a space velocity of 8000 h⁻¹, 50 °C lower than N-OMS-2. The excellent catalytic performance of B-OMS-2 might be caused by its bulk oxygen vacancy, potent reducibility and high re-oxidation ability. It is believed that B-OMS-2 is a promising catalyst for the elimination of VOCs from air. DA - 2016/05/26 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 23263829-2003-4f7c-a10d-809cb44d2d36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of laser fluence non-uniformity on ambient-temperature soot measurements using the auto-compensating laser-induced incandescence technique DO - 10.1007/s00340-016-6553-2 AU - Liu, Fengshan AU - Rogak, Steven AU - Snelling, David R. AU - Saffaripour, Meghdad AU - Thomson, Kevin A. AU - Smallwood, Gregory J. T2 - Applied Physics B SN - 0946-2171 SN - 1432-0649 VL - 122 IS - 11 AB - Multimode pulsed Nd:YAG lasers are commonly used in auto-compensating laser-induced incandescence (AC-LII) measurements of soot in flames and engine exhaust as well as black carbon in the atmosphere. Such lasers possess a certain degree of fluence non-uniformity across the laser beam even with the use of beam shaping optics. Recent research showed that the measured volume fraction of ambient-temperature soot using AC-LII increases significantly, by about a factor of 5–8, with increasing the laser fluence in the low-fluence regime from a very low fluence to a relatively high fluence of near sublimation. The causes of this so-called soot volume fraction anomaly are currently not understood. The effects of laser fluence non-uniformity on the measured soot volume fraction using AC-LII were investigated. Three sets of LII experiments were conducted in the exhaust of a MiniCAST soot generator under conditions of high elemental carbon using Nd:YAG lasers operated at 1064 nm. The laser beams were shaped and relay imaged to achieve a relatively uniform fluence distribution in the measurement volume. To further homogenize the laser fluence, one set of LII experiments was conducted by using a diffractive optical element. The measured soot volume fractions in all three sets of LII experiments increase strongly with increasing the laser fluence before a peak value is reached and then start to decrease at higher fluences. Numerical calculations were conducted using the experimental laser fluence histograms. Laser fluence non-uniformity is found partially responsible for the soot volume fraction anomaly, but is insufficient to explain the degree of soot volume fraction anomaly observed experimentally. Representing the laser fluence variations by a histogram derived from high-resolution images of the laser beam energy profile gives a more accurate definition of inhomogeneity than a simple averaged linear profile across the laser beam. DA - 2016/11 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 44af435f-f10e-4e97-9ee5-6c831fd69456 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A mussel tissue certified reference material for multiple phycotoxins. Part 4: certification DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-0004-0 AU - Mccarron, Pearse AU - Wright, Elliott AU - Emteborg, Håkan AU - Quilliam, Michael A. T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 KW - Azaspiracid; Okadaic acid; Dinophysistoxin; Pectenotoxin; Yessotoxin; Spirolide; Domoic acid; Mytilus edulis AB - A freeze-dried mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis) reference material (CRM-FDMT1) was produced containing multiple groups of shellfish toxins. Homogeneity and stability testing showed the material to be fit for purpose. The next phase of work was to assign certified values and uncertainties to 10 analytes from six different toxin groups. Efforts involved optimizing extraction procedures for the various toxin groups and performing measurements using liquid chromatography-based analytical methods. A key aspect of the work was compensating for matrix effects associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry through standard addition, dilution, or matrix-matched calibration. Certified mass fraction values are reported as mg/kg of CRM-FDMT1 powder as bottled for azaspiracid-1, -2, and -3 (4.10 ± 0.40; 1.13± 0.10; 0.96 ± 0.10, respectively), okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 and -2 (1.59 ± 0.18; 0.68 ± 0.07; 3.57± 0.33, respectively), yessotoxin (2.49 ± 0.28), pectenotoxin-2 (0.66 ± 0.06), 13-desmethylspirolide-C (2.70 ± 0.26), and domoic acid (126 ± 10). Combined uncertainties for the certified values include contributions from homogeneity, stability, and characterization experiments. The commutability of CRM-FDMT1 was assessed by examining the extractability and matrix effects for the freeze-dried material in comparison with its equivalent wet tissue homogenate. CRM-FDMT1 is the first shellfish matrix CRM with certified values for yessotoxins, pectenotoxins or spirolides, and is the first CRM certified for multiple toxin groups. CRM-FDMT1 is a valuable tool for quality assurance of phycotoxin monitoring programs and for analytical method development and validation. DA - 2016/11/09 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2d72a8c8-d862-4bae-ae12-3ba2bf19d83e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection of airborne collision-course targets for sense and avoid on unmanned aircraft systems using machine vision techniques DO - 10.1142/S2301385016500102 AU - Minwalla, Cyrus AU - Tulpan, Dan AU - Belacel, Nabil AU - Famili, Fazel AU - Ellis, Kristopher T2 - Unmanned Systems SN - 2301-3850 SN - 2301-3869 SP - 1 EP - 18 KW - detect and avoid; unmanned aircraft system; collision avoidance; machine vision; feature detector; visual cue AB - Detecting collision-course targets in aerial scenes from purely passive optical images is challenging for a vision-based sense-and-avoid (SAA) system. Proposed herein is a processing pipeline for detecting and evaluating collision course targets from airborne imagery using machine vision techniques. The evaluation of eight feature detectors and three spatio-temporal visual cues is presented. Performance metrics for comparing feature detectors include the percentage of detected targets (PDT), percentage of false positives (POT) and the range at earliest detection (R det Rdet). Contrast and motion-based visual cues are evaluated against standard models and expected spatio-temporal behavior. The analysis is conducted on a multi-year database of captured imagery from actual airborne collision course flights flown at the National Research Council of Canada. Datasets from two different intruder aircraft, a Bell 206 rotor-craft and a Harvard Mark IV trainer fixed-wing aircraft, were compared for accuracy and robustness. Results indicate that the features from accelerated segment test (FAST) feature detector shows the most promise as it maximizes the range at earliest detection and minimizes false positives. Temporal trends from visual cues analyzed on the same datasets are indicative of collision-course behavior. Robustness of the cues was established across collision geometry, intruder aircraft types, illumination conditions, seasonal environmental variations and scene clutter. DA - 2016/11/08 PY - 2016 PB - World Scientific Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8c70b11b-6fe6-43a4-9a54-16a2a5f13159 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of certified reference materials for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins, part 2: shellfish matrix materials DO - 10.5740/jaoacint.16-0152 AU - Mccarron, Pearse AU - Reeves, Kelley L. AU - Giddings, Sabrina D. AU - Beach, Daniel G. AU - Quilliam, Michael A. T2 - Journal of AOAC International SN - 10603271 SN - 19447922 VL - 99 IS - 5 SP - 1163 EP - 1172 AB - Okadaic acid (OA) and its analogs, dinophysistoxins-1 (DTX1) and -2 (DTX2) are lipophilic biotoxins produced by marine algae that can accumulate in shellfish and cause the human illness known as diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Regulatory testing of shellfish is required to protect consumers and the seafood industry. Certified reference materials (CRMs) are essential for the development, validation, and quality control of analytical methods, and thus play an important role in toxin monitoring. This paper summarizes work on research and development of shellfish tissue reference materials for OA and DTXs. Preliminary work established the appropriate conditions for production of shellfish tissue CRMs for OA and DTXs. Source materials, including naturally incurred shellfish tissue and cultured algae, were screened for their DSP toxins. This preliminary work informed planning and production of a wet mussel (Mytilus edulis) tissue homogenate matrix CRM. The homogeneity and stability of the CRM were evaluated and found to be fit-for-purpose. Extraction and LC-tandem MS methods were developed to accurately certify the concentrations of OA, DTX1, and DTX2 using a combination of standard addition and matrix-matched calibration to compensate for matrix effects in electrospray ionization. The concentration of domoic acid was also certified. Uncertainties were assigned following standards and guidelines from the International Organization for Standardization. The presence of other toxins in the CRM was also assessed and information values are reported for OA and DTX acyl esters. DA - 2016/09/01 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 952191cd-ed16-427b-9ac1-e85a7da6522a ER - TY - JOUR TI - School egress data: comparing the configuration and validation of five egress modelling tools DO - 10.1002/fam.2405 AU - Cuesta, Arturo AU - Ronchi, Enrico AU - Gwynne, Steven M. V. AU - Kinsey, Michael J. AU - Hunt, Aoife L. E. AU - Alvear, Daniel T2 - Fire and Materials SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 KW - data collection; evacuation modelling validation; school evacuation; egress simulations; unannounced evacuation drills AB - Data were collected between 2011 and 2014 from five evacuations involving the same school buildings located in Spain. Children from 6 to 16 years of age were observed during the evacuation exercises. Background information was collected on key factors deemed to influence evacuation performance: a description of the geometry, the population involved, the procedures employed and the organization of the drills conducted. Using live observations and video footage of these drills, evacuation data were collected, focusing on the pre-evacuation times, the routes employed, the travel speeds adopted and the arrival times. These data informed a range of a posteriori simulations, conducted by using four computer models (buildingEXODUS, MassMotion, Pathfinder and STEPS) and the Society of Fire Protection Engineering hydraulic model (i.e. Society of Fire Protection Engineering hand calculations). Comparisons were drawn between the models' output and against the observed outcome for one of the trials to determine the accuracy of the model predictions given that they were configured by using the initial conditions for a specific evacuation. The purpose of this work is to (1) provide insight into the configuration of these models for equivalent scenarios, (2) examine any variation in the simulated conditions given equivalent initial conditions, and (3) provide suggestions on how to perform validation studies for multiple evacuation models. DA - 2016/10/10 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3b09eddd-ff9f-4226-95c7-250893a5d93c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Highly stretchable strain sensor based on polyurethane-modified carbon nanotube buckypaper AU - Ashrafi, Behnam AU - Laqua, Kurtis AU - Rubi, Yadienka Martinez AU - Jakubinek, Michael B. AU - Simard, Benoit AU - Park, Daesun AU - O'Neil, Kayla T2 - Proceedings of the American Society for Composites Thirty-First Technical Conference: September 19-21, 2016, Williamsburg Lodge, Williamsburg, VA T3 - American Society for Composites Thirty-First Technical Conference, September 19-21, 2016, Williamsburg, VA, USA SN - 9781605953168 SN - 1605953164 AB - This work focuses on the development of flexible strain sensors based on nanocomposites of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and carbon nanotube (CNT) buckypaper (BP). A one-step filtration process is used to fabricate the TPU-CNT BP sensors, providing tailorability of CNT:TPU ratio. The developed sensors retain the porous morphology of buckypaper even at relatively high TPU content. Characterization of morphology, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties is reported. In addition, electromechanical response was investigated for both quasistatic loads (strains up to 125%) and cyclic loads (1% and 5% strains). Cyclic tests show a repeatable response that becomes predictable after a few cycles. The combination of mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and constant and high gauge factor makes this material promising as a free-standing sensing material. DA - 2016/09 PY - 2016 UR - http://dpi-proceedings.com/index.php/asc31/article/view/3090 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 42d4e52f-a9f0-4f42-a660-363c11b94f17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis method for quantifying the morphology of nanotube networks DO - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02475 AU - Vobornik, Dusan AU - Zou, Shan AU - Lopinski, Gregory P. T2 - Langmuir SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 32 IS - 34 SP - 8735 EP - 8742 AB - While atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique for imaging assemblies and networks of nanoscale materials, approaches for quantitative assessment of the morphology of these materials are lacking. Here we present a volume-based approach for analyzing AFM images of assemblies of nano-objects that enables the extraction of relevant parameters describing their morphology. Random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) deposited via solution-phase processing are used as an example to develop the method and demonstrate its utility. AFM imaging shows that the morphology of these networks depends on details of processing and is influenced by choice of substrate, substrate cleaning method, and postdeposition rinsing protocols. A method is outlined to analyze these images and extract relevant parameters describing the network morphology such as the density of SWCNTs and the degree to which tubes are bundled. Because this volume-based approach depends on accurate measurements of the height of individual tubes and their networks, a procedure for obtaining reliable height measurements is also discussed. Obtaining quantitative parameters that describe the network morphology allows going beyond qualitative descriptions of images and will facilitate optimizing network preparation methods based on measurable criteria and correlating performance with morphology. DA - 2016/08/10 PY - 2016 PB - American Chemical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2aa69af3-2e4c-4587-90a4-b412e0dee323 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phase structures and morphologies of tempered CA6NM stainless steel welded by hybrid laser-arc process DO - 10.1016/j.matchar.2016.10.029 AU - Mirakhorli, F. AU - Cao, X. AU - Pham, X-T. AU - Wanjara, P. AU - Fihey, J. L. T2 - Materials Characterization SN - 1044-5803 KW - martensitic stainless steel; welding; post-weld heat treatment; tempering; microstructure; EBSD AB - The post-weld tempered microstructure of hybrid laser-arc welded CA6NM, a cast low carbon martensitic stainless steel, was investigated. The microstructural evolutions from the fusion zone to the base metal were characterized in detail using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness techniques. The fusion zone, in its post-weld tempered condition, consisted of tempered lath martensite, residual delta-ferrite with various morphologies, reversed austenite and chromium carbides. The reversed austenite, which can be detected through both EBSD and XRD techniques, was found to be finely dispersed along the martensite lath boundaries, particularly at triple junctions. Based on the EBSD analysis, the orientation relationship between the reversed austenite and the adjacent martensite laths seemed to follow the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) model. The results also revealed the presence of the reversed austenite in the different regions of the heat affected zone after post-weld tempering. The microindentation hardness distribution was measured, and correlated to the evolution of the corresponding microstructure across the welds. DA - 2016/10 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 556ce016-bb09-4086-97f0-e3105b3c6522 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A fuel saving way in aerospace engineering based on morphing wing technology: a new multidisciplinary experimental model DO - 10.14621/ce.20160202 AU - Kammegne, Michel Joel Tchatchueng AU - Botez, Ruxandra Mihaela AU - Grigorie, Teodor Lucian AU - Manou, Mahmoud AU - Mebarki, Youssef T2 - International Journal of Contemporary ENERGY SN - 2363-6440 VL - 2 IS - 2 KW - energy save; drag reduction; morphing wing; experimental testing; wind tunnel; IR analysis AB - The research presented in this present paper was done within the framework of the international CRIAQ MDO505 Morphing Wing project, developed as a collaborative research project between academia, research centres and industry partners. The work exposed in the paper is related to the development of an experimental morphing wing model and its performance evaluation by using some wind tunnel tests. This collaborative research aimed at the drag reduction over a wing by morphing it, conducting in this way at fuel savings and low emissions. The association between the drag reduction and wing morphing comes from the fact that if the wing airfoil shape is changed in a specific way then the laminar to turbulent flow transition point position can be moved toward its trailing edge. The model designed, fabricated and tested during our project is based on the dimensions of a full scale wing tip structure, equipped with a morphable flexible upper surface made from composite materials and deformed by using four miniature electrical actuators, with an array of 32 Kulite pressure sensors to monitor the air flow behaviour over the upper surface, and with an aileron also electrical actuated. The first specific objective for our research team in this project was to develop a new morphing mechanism for the wing by using miniature electrical actuators; these actuators should deform the upper wing surface, so that the laminar-to-turbulent transition point moves closer to the wing trailing edge reducing in this way the drag force as a function of flow condition by changing the wing shape. The flow conditions were univocally defined by mean of Mach numbers, airspeeds, angles of attack and aileron deflection angles. The second specific objective was to develop a control system for the morphing actuators to obtain the desired morphed shape of the wing for each studied flow case, while the third specific objective was to develop a monitoring system able to detect and visualize the airflow characteristics using pressure sensors installed on the upper surface of the morphing wing, evaluating in this way the gains brought by the proposed architecture. During the paper sections are successively exposed the project description, the morphing wing model instrumentation and the mechanisms used to control it. Finally, a wind tunnel aerodynamic results analysis is performed, discussing the extension of the laminar region of the flow over the wing by using the morphing wing technology. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ac894349-03de-419c-882a-89bc9b664601 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultra broadband waveguide coupler using an anisotropic sub-wavelength metamaterial AU - Halir, Robert AU - Cheben, Pavel AU - Luque-González, Jose Manuel AU - Sarmiento-Merenguel, Jose Darío AU - Schmid, Jens AU - Wangüemert-Pérez, Gonzalo AU - Xu, Dan-Xia AU - Wang, Shurui AU - Ortega-Moñux, Alejandro AU - Molina-Fernández, Íñigo T2 - Optics SP - arXiv:1606.03750 AB - Multimode interference couplers are a fundamental building block in many integrated photonic systems, ranging from high-speed coherent receivers to quantum splitters. However, their basic structure has remained fundamentally unchanged for almost four decades, limiting their size and operation bandwidth. Using sub-wavelength metamaterials, photonic devices with break-through size and performance have been recently reported. Leveraging the inherent anisotropy of these structures, here we derive a semi-analytic expression that enables the design of compact and ultra broadband multimode interference couplers. We experimentally demonstrate virtually perfect operation over a bandwidth in excess of 300nm (500nm in simulation), for a device three times shorter than its conventional counterpart, making this the most broadband multimode interference coupler reported to date. These results will enable ultra broadband integrated systems for applications in communications and sensing. DA - 2016/06/12 PY - 2016 PB - Cornell University Library UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03750 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 566c4942-f265-4d87-89e0-1188eaf53a14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiple silicon atom artificial molecules AU - Wood, John A. AU - Rashidi, Mohammad AU - Koleini, Mohammad AU - Pitters, Jason L. AU - Wolkow, Robert A. T2 - Condensed Matter: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics SP - arXiv:1607.06050 AB - We present linear ensembles of dangling bond chains on a hydrogen terminated Si(100) surface, patterned in the closest spaced arrangement allowed by the surface lattice. Local density of states maps over a range of voltages extending spatially over the close-coupled entities reveal a rich energetic and spatial variation of electronic states. These artificial molecules exhibit collective electronic states resulting from covalent interaction of the constituent atoms. A pronounced electrostatic perturbation of dangling bond chain structure is induced by close placement of a negatively dangling bond. The electronic changes so induced are entirely removed, paradoxically, by addition of a second dangling bond. DA - 2016/07/20 PY - 2016 PB - Cornell University Library UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06050 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1593c61b-b1c2-4dd0-a2d2-e63c89c72d6b ER - TY - JOUR TI - High temperature stable Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) inscribed through polyimide coating of optical fibers using a phase mask DO - 10.1364/BGPP.2016.BM3B.2 AU - Grobnic, Dan AU - Mihailov, Stephen J. AU - Lausten, Rune AU - Hnatovsky, Cyril T2 - Photonics and Fiber Technology 2016 (ACOFT, BGPP, NP) T3 - Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, 5-8 September 2016, Sydney, Australia SN - 978-1-943580-17-0 SP - BM3B.2 AB - High temperature stable FBGs are observed after 800°C-annealing of Type I gratings that were written through the polyimide coating of H2-loaded high Ge-doped silica fibers with a fs-IR laser and a phase mask. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - OSA LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9d08b777-09fb-447d-81c0-3f63d4e8cefd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relative expression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase A, and insulin receptor in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and hippocampi from Alzheimer's disease patients DO - 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.015 AU - Ito, Shingo AU - Ménard, Michel AU - Atkinson, Trevor AU - Brown, Leslie AU - Whitfield, James AU - Chakravarthy, Balu T2 - Neurochemistry International SN - 0197-0186 VL - 101 SP - 22 EP - 29 KW - alzheimer disease; insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; insulin receptor; PSD95; p75 neurotrophin receptor; tyrosine receptor kinase-A AB - We have previously shown in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells that the expressions of basal (75 kDa) and high molecular weight (HMW; 85 kDa) isoforms of the p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR) are stimulated by amyloid-β peptide1–42 oligomers (AβOs) via the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). On the other hand, it is known that AβOs inhibit insulin receptor (IR) signaling. The purpose of the present study was to determine the involvement of IR signaling in the regulation of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) protein isoform expression in cultured SH-SY5Y cells and in hippocampi from late-stage human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Interestingly, insulin induced the expression of basal and HMW p75NTR isoforms in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting the presence of cross-talk between the IR and IGF-1R for the regulation of p75NTR expression. Reducing IR signaling with an IR kinase inhibitor (AG 1024) or IR-targeted siRNAs increased HMW p75NTR expression and reduced tyrosine receptor kinase-A (Trk-A) expression as well as postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Both basal and HMW p75NTR isoforms were increased in the hippocampi of post-mortem late-stage human AD brains (relative to non-AD brains), and the protein expression of HMW p75NTR was negatively associated with Trk-A expression, PSD95 expression, and IR expression. Thus, increased p75NTR expression, specifically an increased p75NTR-to-Trk-A ratio, is likely to play a role in synaptic loss and neuronal cell death in late-stage AD. Collectively, these findings suggest that increased expression of the p75NTR due to IR signaling inhibition by AβOs might be involved in the pathology of AD. DA - 2016/09/29 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 781691d7-f943-417c-8db7-13a4dd13a943 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In Situ Monitoring of Fiber Bragg grating evolution during femtosecond-laser inscription process DO - 10.1364/BGPP.2016.BTh3B.2 AU - Hnatovsky, Cyril AU - Grobnic, Dan AU - Mihailov, Stephen J. T2 - Photonics and Fiber Technology 2016 (ACOFT, BGPP, NP) T3 - Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, 5-8 September 2016, Sydney, Australia SN - 978-1-943580-17-0 SP - BTh3B.2 AB - The development and subsequent transformation of a Type I Bragg grating into a Type II Bragg grating in SMF-28 fiber during the femtosecond-laser inscription process is monitored in real time using dark field optical microscopy. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - OSA LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7e3308ac-8307-489a-8efc-0c03b68bade8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Manufacturing problem contest [invited] DO - 10.1364/AO.56.0000C1 AU - Poitras, Daniel AU - Li, Li AU - Jacobson, Michael AU - Cooksey, Catherine T2 - Applied Optics SN - 1559-128X SN - 2155-3165 VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - C1 AB - For the Manufacturing Problem contest, participants were asked to fabricate on provided blank substrates a challenging filter with specific reflectance and transmittance targets covering a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1100 nm. The problem was selected such that to achieve a performance close to the targets, a submitted filter had to include at least one thin absorbing layer. Nine teams from six countries participated in the contest using different deposition techniques. The teams’ designs had a number of layers varying from 36 to 235, and a total thickness from 2.0 μm to 14.6 μm. The performances of all submitted filters were measured by two independent laboratories, and the results were presented at the Optical Interference Coating meeting in June 2016. DA - 2016/10/21 PY - 2016 PB - Optical Society of America LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f2bc54ff-8dcf-4f75-ae93-7582504ff62f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlations between experimentally-determined melting temperatures and GC-content for short DNA strands DO - 10.2174/1574893611666161008194920 AU - Tulpan, Dan AU - Montemanni, Roberto AU - Smith, Derek T2 - Current Bioinformatics SN - 1574-8936 VL - 11 IS - 999 SP - 1 EP - 1 KW - DNA sequence; GC-content; hybridization; melting temperature; oligonucleotides; Pearson correlation AB - In many bioinformatics applications DNA duplex hybridization is traditionally estimated using GC-content and melting temperature calculations based on the sequence base composition. Here we show that GC-content is a far from perfect predictor of DNA strand hybridization strength compared to experimentally-determined melting temperatures. We built a manually curated set of 373 experimental data points collected from 21 publications, each point representing a DNA strand with length between 4 and 35 nucleotides and its corresponding experimentally determined melting temperature measured under specific sequence and salt concentrations. For each data point we calculated the corresponding GC-content and we separated the set into 12 subsets to minimize the variability of experimental conditions. Based on calculated Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients we conclude that GC-content only seldom correlates well with experimentally determined melting temperatures and thus it is not a strictly necessary constraint when used to control the uniformity of DNA strands. DA - 2016/10/08 PY - 2016 PB - Bentham Science Publishers LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0037cd72-54d5-491a-bad7-c846239c75ee ER - TY - JOUR TI - Further investigation for piecewise sampling to overcome transient effect of staircase waveform DO - 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540453 AU - Zuliang, Lu AU - Yan, Yang AU - Lu, Huang AU - Lei, Wang AU - Xianlin, Pan AU - Jiangtao, Zhang AU - So, Eddy T2 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016) T3 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), 10-15 July 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 978-1-4673-9134-4 SP - 1 EP - 2 AB - A further investigation for the new approach to overcome the transient effect is reported. Applicability of anti-aliasing filter in ADC is checked. A multi-period strategy is proposed in DAC with its benefits. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 6c8f9aeb-f539-4c5e-a3eb-e5635ccce95e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamics of the fluorescence intensity during Fiber Bragg Gratings inscription in SMF28 and pure silica core fiber using 800 nm Fs radiation DO - 10.1364/BGPP.2016.BTh3B.7 AU - Grobnic, Dan AU - Hnatovsky, Cyril AU - Lausten, Rune AU - Mihailov, Stephen J. T2 - Photonics and Fiber Technology 2016 (ACOFT, BGPP, NP) T3 - Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, 5-8 Sept. 2016, Sydney, Australia SN - 978-1-943580-17-0 SP - BTh3B.7 AB - Blue florescence measured during FBG inscription with a fs-IR laser in SMF-28 and pure silica core (PSC) fiber correlates well with type-I grating formation but decreases in Ge-doped fibers and increases in PSC fiber. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - OSA CY - Washington, D.C. LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9ffa75ae-7244-403f-92cc-e445579649c6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanostructured palladium catalyst poisoning depressed by cobalt phosphide in the electro-oxidation of formic acid for fuel cells DO - 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.023 AU - Feng, Ligang AU - Chang, Jinfa AU - Jiang, Kun AU - Xue, Huaiguo AU - Liu, Changpeng AU - Cai, Wen-bin AU - Xing, Wei AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - Nano Energy SN - 22112855 VL - 30 SP - 355 EP - 361 KW - formic acid oxidation Fuel cells; nanostructured palladium Phosphide material AB - Nanostructured palladium is considered as the best catalyst materials for direct formic acid fuel cells but catalyst poisoning suffering from the intermediates seriously reduces catalytic activity and stability, thus further hinders the commercial application of fuel cells technology. Herein, we report the tricky Pd catalyst poisoning problem could be greatly depressed by cobalt phosphide (CoP) material during formic acid oxidation, so an extremely active and stable Pd catalyst with very low Pd loading (5 wt%) is realized. The high anti-poisoning ability was evidenced by a significantly faster kinetics study and less poisoning intermediates adsorbed on its surface compared with Pd/C catalyst. When integrated into a real fuel cells model, a power density of 150 mW cm−2 catalyzed by this Pd-CoP/C catalyst (5 wt%, Pd) was comparable to that of the commercial Pd/C catalyst (20 wt%, Pd) indicating a very promising application in the electrochemical energy devices. This work opens an avenue to overcome the universal catalyst poisoning issue and pushes Pd catalyst system much stronger for commercial application in fuel cells technology. DA - 2016/10/11 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8a3730ca-cd6b-4be0-a889-15024f7dc490 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time-resolved imaging of negative differential resistance on the atomic scale AU - Rashidi, Mohammad AU - Taucer, Marco AU - Ozfidan, Isil AU - Lloyd, Erika AU - Labidi, Hatem AU - Pitters, Jason L. AU - Maciejko, Joseph AU - Wolkow, Robert A. T2 - Condensed Matter: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics SP - arXiv:1608.06344 AB - Negative differential resistance remains an attractive but elusive functionality, so far only finding niche applications. Atom scale entities have shown promising properties, but viability of device fabrication requires fuller understanding of electron dynamics than has been possible to date. Using an all-electronic time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy technique and a Green's function transport model, we study an isolated dangling bond on a hydrogen terminated silicon surface. A robust negative differential resistance feature is identified as a many body phenomenon related to occupation dependent electron capture by a single atomic level. We measure all the time constants involved in this process and present atomically resolved, nanosecond timescale images to simultaneously capture the spatial and temporal variation of the observed feature. DA - 2016/08/23 PY - 2016 PB - Cornell University Library UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.06344 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : cca0cb31-8e84-4922-82fe-1f338152caa8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of the aerodynamic performance of a morphing wing-tip demonstrator using a novel nonlinear Vortex Lattice Method DO - 10.2514/6.2016-4036 AU - Oliviu, Sugar gabor AU - Koreanschi, Andreea AU - Botez, Ruxandra M. AU - Mamou, Mahmoud AU - Mebarki, Youssef T2 - 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference T3 - 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 13-17 June 2016, Washington, D.C. SN - 978-1-62410-437-4 AB - This paper presents the novel nonlinear formulation of the Vortex Lattice Method approach for calculating the aerodynamic properties of lifting surfaces. The mathematical model is constructed by using two-dimensional viscous analyses of the wing span-wise sections, according to strip theory, and then coupling the strip viscous forces with the forces generated by the vortex rings distributed on the wing camber surface, calculated with a fully three-dimensional vortex lifting law. The numerical results obtained with the proposed method are validated with experimental data and show good agreement in predicting both the lift and pitching moment, as well as in predicting the wing drag. The technology demonstrator was modeled after an aircraft wing tip section, and was fitted with a composite material upper skin whose shape can be morphed, as a function of the flight condition, by four electrical actuators placed inside the wing structure. The nonlinear VLM results were compared with balance forces/moments measurements taken during subsonic wind tunnel tests performed at the National Research Council Canada. DA - 2016/06/13 PY - 2016 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 95c88c23-d712-409c-9707-643fa13099d4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of morphology on the radiative properties of fractal soot aggregates DO - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.09.005 AU - Doner, Nimeti AU - Liu, Fengshan T2 - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer SN - 00224073 VL - 187 SP - 10 EP - 19 KW - overlapping; aggregate expansion; fractal soot aggregates; aerosol optical properties; DDA AB - The impact of morphology on the radiative properties of fractal soot aggregates was investigated using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). The optical properties of four different types of aggregates of freshly emitted soot with a fractal dimension Df=1.65 and a fractal pre-factor kf=1.76 were calculated. The four types of aggregates investigated are formed by uniform primary particles in point-touch, by uniform but overlapping primary particles, by uniform but enlarged primary particles in point-touch, and formed by point-touch and polydisperse primary particles. The radiative properties of aggregates consisting of N=20, 56 and 103 primary particles were numerically evaluated for a given refractive index at 0.532 and 1.064 μm. The radiative properties of soot aggregates vary strongly with the volume equivalent radius aeff and wavelength. The accuracy of DDA was evaluated in the first and fourth cases against the generalized multi-sphere Mie (GMM) solution in terms of the vertical–vertical differential scattering cross section (Cvv). The model predicted the average relative deviations from the base case to be within 15–25% for Cvv, depending on the number of particles for the aggregate. The scattering cross sections are only slightly affected by the overlapping but more significantly influenced by primary particle polydispersity. It was also found that the enlargement of primary particles by 20% has a strong effect on soot aggregate radiative properties. DA - 2016/09/16 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : cacb04b2-9dc2-4f9b-aa6e-e8458d66361e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Régie de l’assainissement des eaux du bassin La Prairie: impact d’une étape d’hydrolyse en amont de la biométhanisation des boues secondaires AU - Frigon, Jean-Claude AU - Guiot, Serge AU - Roy, Caroline AU - Samson, Gilbert AU - Nguyen, Van Kiet T2 - Vecteur Environnement SN - 1200-670X AB - La Régie de l’assainissement des eaux du bassin La Prairie traite les eaux usées de cinq villes de la Rive-Sud (Montréal), soit Candiac, Delson, La Prairie, Sainte-Catherine et Saint-Constant, pour un débit prévu de 65 000 m3 par jour. Le traitement actuel se fait par un système conventionnel incluant un traitement biologique par boues aérées. Le Programme de traitement des matières organiques par biométhanisation et compostage du ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques vise à réduire les quantités de matières organiques dirigées vers l’élimination, et plusieurs municipalités au Québec s’en sont prévalus ou sont en voie de le faire afin d’obtenir une aide financière pour réaliser leur projet. Ainsi, la Régie a reçu une aide du Programme et compte terminer en 2016 la construction d’une usine de biométhanisation pour le recyclage des boues secondaires produites sur le site. Le procédé inclut une cuve d’hydrolyse, installée en amont du méthaniseur, afin de prétraiter les boues pour en augmenter la digestibilité. Le Conseil national de recherches du Canada (CNRC) et la Régie ont monté un projet de collaboration en recherche et développement (R-D) afin de comparer les rendements en méthane attendus pour les boues non traitées et hydrolysées. De plus, puisque le procédé de la Régie comporte un équipement novateur, le CNRC a reproduit les conditions prévues d’opération en laboratoire afin de valider les performances et de proposer des ajustements, si nécessaire. DA - 2016/10 PY - 2016 LA - fra C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 02f4d6bf-71e6-40de-a970-85c0c561d4d2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultrafast carrier dynamics and the role of grain boundaries in polycrystalline silicon thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy DO - 10.1088/0268-1242/31/10/105017 AU - Titova, Lyubov V. AU - Cocker, Tyler L. AU - Xu, Sijia AU - Baribeau, Jean-Marc AU - Wu, Xiaohua AU - Lockwood, David J. AU - Hegmann, Frank A. T2 - Semiconductor Science and Technology SN - 0268-1242 SN - 1361-6641 VL - 31 IS - 10 SP - 105017-1 EP - 105017-8 KW - silicon thin films; terahertz spectroscopy; grain boundaries; low-temperature MBE; carrier dynamics AB - We have used time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy to study microscopic photoconductivity and ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics in thin, pure, non-hydrogenated silicon films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on quartz substrates at temperatures ranging from 335 °C to 572 °C. By controlling the growth temperature, thin silicon films ranging from completely amorphous to polycrystalline with minimal amorphous phase can be achieved. Film morphology, in turn, determines its photoconductive properties: in the amorphous phase, carriers are trapped in bandtail states on sub-picosecond time scales, while the carriers excited in crystalline grains remain free for tens of picoseconds. We also find that in polycrystalline silicon the photoexcited carrier mobility is carrier-density-dependent, with higher carrier densities mitigating the effects of grain boundaries on inter-grain transport. In a film grown at the highest temperature of 572 °C, the morphology changes along the growth direction from polycrystalline with needles of single crystals in the bulk of the film to small crystallites interspersed with amorphous silicon at the top of the film. Depth profiling using different excitation wavelengths shows corresponding differences in the photoconductivity: the photoexcited carrier lifetime and mobility are higher in the first 100–150 nm from the substrate, suggesting that thinner, low-temperature grown polycrystalline silicon films are preferable for photovoltaic applications. DA - 2016/09/22 PY - 2016 PB - IOP : Institute of Physics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 6f64c874-c522-481f-a5d1-f0a597fd5e33 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Single atom gas field ion sources for scanning ion microscopy DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-41990-9_2 AU - Urban, Radovan AU - Wolkow, Robert A. AU - Pitters, Jason L. T2 - Helium Ion Microscopy T2 - NanoScience and Technology SN - 1434-4904 SN - 2197-7127 SN - 978-3-319-41988-6 SN - 978-3-319-41990-9 SP - 31 EP - 61 AB - This chapter discusses fabrication and experimental evaluation of W(111) single atom tips (SATs) for gas field ion source applications. Firstly, a brief history of field ion microscopy (FIM) will be given since it will be heavily relied on throughout the text. We will discuss ion current generation in FIM and carry that knowledge over to fabricated SATs. Secondly, gas assisted etching and evaporation process will be discussed in detail. It will be shown that nanotip shape, and therefore SAT characteristics, can be controlled and modified to achieve desirable ion beam properties. Lastly, we will evaluate ion beam width as a function of tip voltage and temperature as examples of experimental efforts to better understand gas field ion source performance. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f38d8ea3-4d6d-42e3-9abc-8bc2e614daae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary Camelina sativa products on digestible nutrient compositions for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) DO - 10.1111/anu.12465 AU - Fraser, J.M. AU - Collins, S.A. AU - Chen, Z. AU - Tibbetts, S.M. AU - Lall, S.P. AU - Anderson, D.M. T2 - Aquaculture Nutrition SN - 1353-5773 SN - 1365-2095 AB - Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of camelina (Camelina sativa) products on their digestible nutrient compositions in rainbow trout. In the first experiment, the following camelina products: full-fat seed, oil, high-oil residue meal (HORM), pre-press solvent-extracted meal (SECM) and toasted SECM were evaluated. In the second trial, the utilization of SECM, SECM soaked in water (WS), SECM treated with a multicarbohydrase, Superzyme™-OM, SECM treated with Bio-Phytase and SECM treated with Superzyme™-OM and Bio-Phytase (MIX) was determined. The experimental diets consisted of a basal diet and test ingredient with a ratio of 70:30, except for camelina oil where the ratio was 80:20. In Experiment 1, SECM had the highest level of digestible crude protein (352 g kg−1), whereas the oil was the best source of digestible energy (8,063 kcal kg−1) and digestible crude fat (908 g kg−1). In Experiment 2, there were no significant differences in nutrient digestibility of SECM and HORM; however, WS and MIX had significantly more digestible dry matter and digestible crude fat than SECM and HORM. Camelina by-products have the potential to replace fishery by-products in rainbow trout feeds. DA - 2016/09/22 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : bd5aa7c3-fb41-481e-a40f-50b1df3e0295 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanowires for quantum information processing DO - 10.1109/PHOSST.2016.7548799 AU - Poole, Philip AU - Wu, Xiaohua AU - Lapointe, Jean AU - Dalacu, Dan T2 - Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM), 2016 IEEE T3 - 2016 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM), July 11-13, Newport Beach, CA, USA SN - 978-1-5090-1900-7 SP - 195 EP - 196 AB - Key aspects of the growth of site selected InP nanowires will be discussed, focussing on those relevant to quantum information processing. Parameters including high brightness, narrow linewidth and single photon purity, and a route to integration into planar optical circuits will be discussed. DA - 2016/08/25 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 583ff93c-af14-4014-b55d-46b6c0635d81 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical modelling of the lakeview waterfront connection project AU - Baker, Scott AU - Babaei, Hossein AU - Pinchin, Bruce AU - Cornett, Andrew T2 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science (Coastlab16) T3 - 6th International Conference on the Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science (Coastlab16), May 10-13, 2016, Ottawa, Canada KW - physical modelling; shoreline protection; headland-beach system; cobble beach; design optimization AB - The Lakeview Waterfront Connection (LWC) project seeks to create a new natural park that will establish ecological habitat and public linkages on the eastern Mississauga waterfront of Lake Ontario through the innovative use of clean fill from regional infrastructure upgrades. This paper describes a 1:35 scale physical modelling study that was commissioned to investigate the interaction of moderate and extreme waves with the proposed LWC conceptual design, to help optimize the design of the project including the beach fill and the rubble-mound structures, and verify the stability and response of the headland-beach system under a range of design conditions, including storms approaching from easterly and southerly directions, at average and high lake levels. DA - 2016/05 PY - 2016 UR - http://rdio.rdc.uottawa.ca/publications/coastlab16/Proceedings.htm LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8bf95777-7ff4-4a9e-942a-a2ab0453fb28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Validation of a CFD tool for studying the interaction of extreme waves with offshore gravity-based structures AU - Babaei, Hossein AU - Baker, Scott AU - Cornett, Andrew T2 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science (Coastlab16) T3 - 6th International Conference on the Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science (Coastlab16), May 10-13, 2016, Ottawa, Canada KW - extreme waves; offshore platform; physical modelling; CFD numerical modelling; OpenFOAM AB - Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a potentially flexible and cost-effective approach to study the interaction of waves with offshore structures. However, extensive validation is required to determine whether CFD modelling can be used to complement or even replace a physical modelling approach. Ocean, Coastal, and River Engineering (OCRE) portfolio of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) previously conducted a series of physical hydraulic model tests to assist in designing an offshore Natural Gas processing platform to safely and optimally withstand extreme wave conditions forecasted for the deployment site. For three different wave headings (0°, 33° and 90°), the model was tested using a combination of long-crested regular and irregular waves as well as short-crest irregular waves for conditions associated with return periods up to 10,000 years. The model platform was tested in several different configurations, including the steel gravity sub-structure (SGS) alone, and also with various other components (such as superstructure consisting of solid or grated decks, and wave deflectors). A large quantity of high quality data on wave run-up, airgap, forces, moments, and pressures was obtained. The present paper validates the OpenFOAM® CFD toolbox for use in numerical modelling of this wave-rigid structure interaction problem. The interaction of long-crested regular waves with the structure is modelled. Global forces, overturning moments, pressures, and water levels are compared with results from the physical model. The present CFD model successfully predicts a large majority of experimental results with a high level of accuracy and proves to be a viable option for the prediction of the interaction of extreme waves with offshore gravity-based structures. DA - 2016/05 PY - 2016 UR - http://rdio.rdc.uottawa.ca/publications/coastlab16/Proceedings.htm LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 43b31c5a-ce5f-479f-88bc-e7619f3f0cea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical modelling to support the rehabilitation and design optimization of the jetties at the mouth of the Columbia River AU - Knox, Paul AU - Baker, Scott AU - Millar, Gillian AU - Yoyner, Brian AU - Moritz, Hans AU - Charles, Lynda T2 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science (Coastlab16) T3 - 6th International Conference on the Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science (Coastlab16), May 10-13, 2016, Ottawa, Canada KW - physical modelling; jetties; breakwaters; Columbia River AB - Originally constructed between 1885-1939, the three jetties protecting the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR), the North Jetty, the South Jetty, and Jetty A have been progressively damaged due to storm wave attack and the loss of the sand shoal material that comprise their foundation. The MCR jetties are an essential part of maintaining the Columbia/Snake River navigation system, a significant export gateway for the west coast. In late 2014 Moffatt and Nichol (M and N) and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) were commissioned by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to conduct physical model studies to inform and guide the design of repair works for two of the jetties, the North Jetty and Jetty A. Due to the exposed Pacific North-west conditions, strict environmental constraints, and the historic evolution of the existing structures, most notably a substantial relic stone foundation, the proposed repair works were complex and unconventional. Two separate three-dimensional physical models were constructed and used to investigate the performance of the proposed repairs for the two unique physical and functional settings at each jetty. Alternatives included rock armour and concrete armour units, tested under a range of site-specific design conditions, including extreme water levels and harsh wave conditions. This paper summarizes the physical modelling studies, the unique challenges presented by the complex bathymetry, and the important role physical modelling had in verifying and optimizing the reconstruction proposed for the North Jetty and Jetty A. The physical modelling provided essential identification of the near-structure three-dimensional interactions and guided the quantification of damages leading to optimization of the final designs. DA - 2016/05 PY - 2016 UR - http://rdio.rdc.uottawa.ca/publications/coastlab16/Proceedings.htm LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b728a2d3-c8cb-4503-acbd-ef9a2099df70 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical modelling and design optimizations for a new container terminal at the Port of Moin, Costa Rica DO - 10.1061/9780784479919.057 AU - Baker, S. AU - Frank, G. AU - Cornett, A. AU - Williamson, D. AU - Kingery, D. T2 - Ports 2016 T3 - 14th Triennial International Conference, June 12–15, 2016, New Orleans, LA SN - 978-0-7844-7991-9 SP - 560 EP - 569 AB - The role of physical modelling in advancing port design is demonstrated by means of a case study in which two large-scale 3D physical modelling studies were conducted to support the design of a new container terminal at the Port of Moin, Costa Rica. The first model focused on validating the stability of the new rubble-mound structures in extreme conditions. Several 2D and 3D models of portions of the north, east, and stub breakwaters were constructed at 1:43 scale. The study helped to develop and confirm the final design of the breakwaters, including their configuration and the sizing of armour units and armour stone. The second model was used to assess wave agitation and moored ship motions at the new container terminal. A 1:82 scale model of the existing port, the surrounding bathymetry, the proposed dredging, and the Phase 1 expansion was constructed, and then modified to simulate several alternative port layouts. The study also investigated the potential impacts on operations at the existing port due to the new terminal. DA - 2016/06/06 PY - 2016 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers CY - Reston, VA LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a9cb9484-841a-4995-b88b-c92683f41691 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multi-parameter sensor based on random fiber lasers DO - 10.1063/1.4962964 AU - Xu, Yanping AU - Zhang, Mingjiang AU - Lu, Ping AU - Mihailov, Stephen AU - Bao, Xiaoyi T2 - AIP Advances SN - 2158-3226 VL - 6 IS - 9 SP - 095009-1 EP - 095009-8 AB - We demonstrate a concept of utilizing random fiber lasers to achieve multi-parameter sensing. The proposed random fiber ring laser consists of an erbium-doped fiber as the gain medium and a random fiber grating as the feedback. The random feedback is effectively realized by a large number of reflections from around 50000 femtosecond laser induced refractive index modulation regions over a 10cm standard single mode fiber. Numerous polarization-dependent spectral filters are formed and superimposed to provide multiple lasing lines with high signal-to-noise ratio up to 40dB, which gives an access for a high-fidelity multi-parameter sensing scheme. The number of sensing parameters can be controlled by the number of the lasing lines via input polarizations and wavelength shifts of each peak can be explored for the simultaneous multi-parameter sensing with one sensing probe. In addition, the random grating induced coupling between core and cladding modes can be potentially used for liquid medical sample sensing in medical diagnostics, biology and remote sensing in hostile environments. DA - 2016/09 PY - 2016 PB - AIP LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 78136446-69a9-4fba-87a4-7d054cbba16d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing predictive models for time to failure estimation DO - 10.1109/CSCWD.2016.7565977 AU - Yang, Chunsheng AU - Chen, Qiangqiang AU - Yang, Yubin AU - Jiang, Nan T2 - IEEE 20th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD 2016) T3 - 2016 IEEE 20th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), May 4-6, 2016, Nanchang, China SN - 978-1-5090-1915-1 SP - 133 EP - 138 KW - PHM; prognostics; time to failure estimation; classification; regression; on-demand regression AB - The need for higher equipment availability and lower maintenance cost is driving the development and integration of prognostic and health management (PHM) systems. Taking advantage of advances in sensor technologies, PHM systems enable a predictive maintenance strategy through continuously monitoring the health of complex systems. The core of PHM technology is prognostic which is able to estimate time to failure (TTF) for the monitored components or systems using the built-in predictive models. In this paper, the state of the art of TTF estimation will be first reviewed. After introduction of traditional methods of TTF estimation, we will present the developed approaches for estimating TTF, including classification, regression, on-demand regression, Particle Filtering (PF)-based method, and so on. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the work on TTF estimation technologies developed in the past decade. DA - 2016/05/06 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d6121610-48ef-47f7-b5fc-a85029acf0bd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Survival in the Canadian Arctic: recommended clothing and equipment to survive exposure AU - Power, J. T. AU - Kennedy, A. M. AU - Monk, J. F. T3 - Arctic Technology Conference, 24-26 October 2016, St. John's, NL AB - The reduction in sea ice in the Arctic has produced new routes for shipping, thereby increasing the amount of marine traffic that can transit through the area. Additionally, the Arctic has become a popular destination for cruise ships some of which are increasingly large capacity ships that are operating a great distance from search and rescue assets and other assistance. If a marine accident were to occur in the Arctic and people became exposed to the elements then the clothing they could use may not provide sufficient thermal protection while waiting for rescue. This paper contains the results from two studies. The first measured the amount of thermal protection provided by various clothing ensembles that could be used in a mass Arctic evacuation, which were then used to calculate predicted survival time (PST). The second study evaluated the length of time a person may be exposed to the environment if they were forced to abandon a vessel or installation at one of eight different locations in the Arctic. These exposure times are based on the range of times search and rescue assets would take to reach the individual. The results from these two previous studies were combined to provide recommendations for clothing ensembles for different locations in the Canadian Arctic while awaiting rescue. The estimated exposure time while awaiting rescue varied considerably, ranging from a minimum of 14 hours to a maximum of 261 hours. In certain conditions, the thermal protection provided by eight of the ten clothing ensembles tested was sufficient to delay death from hypothermia. However, it should be noted that if PST is greater than 36 hours then factors other than hypothermia are likely to result in death (e.g. drowning or dehydration). The majority of the ensembles did not provide a sufficient level of thermal protection to prevent death from hypothermia in less than 36 hours when wetted and exposed to wind. It is concluded that certain clothing ensembles that could be used during a marine accident in the Arctic would not provide sufficient thermal protection to survive exposure to the environment while awaiting rescue. This finding is particularly important given the relatively recent increase in marine traffic through the Arctic and the subsequent increase in the likelihood of a marine accident that may require abandonment and result in direct exposure to the environment. DA - 2016/10 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8894ced9-e760-4d10-a634-61c131cf6faf ER - TY - JOUR TI - A preliminary analysis of the crushing specific energy of iceberg ice under rapid compressive loading AU - Kim, Ekaterina AU - Gagnon, Robert E. T3 - 23rd IAHR International Symposium on Ice, May 31 - June 3 2016, Ann Arbor, MI USA AB - Indentation tests are used to study inelastic response of ice and other materials when loaded under a compressive stress state. Indentation testing provides force–time plots which are often converted to pressure–area curves, which can later be used in the design of ships and offshore structures. In an inverse application of indentation testing one can use the force-time response to extract material constants characterizing the extent of energy absorption, including dynamic hardness. The aim of the present study is to access the energy consumption index of iceberg ice as the ability to absorb the indentation energy. Data from indentation experiments conducted on natural iceberg ice at Pond Inlet in 1984 have been re-analyzed for three different spherically- terminated indenter sizes. For any given test it was found that the crushing specific energy of the ice shows little, if any, dependency on the volume of the displaced ice and tends towards a constant value. Furthermore there is no apparent correlation of the crushing specific energy of the ice with indenter size, nor is there clear consistency in the values for tests conducted with the same indenter. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : de5e7095-596d-4910-94e2-837c73da6c35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phase II lab tests of the Blade Runners Concept for reducing ice-induced vibration of structures AU - Gagnon, R. T3 - 23rd IAHR International Symposium on Ice, May 31 - June 3, 2016, Anne Arbor, MI, USA AB - A large suite of tests of the Blade Runners concept for reducing ice-induced vibration of structures was conducted in NRC/OCRE’s Large Cold Room facility using a set of differing ice crushing platens that had a variety of blade arrays on them. These Phase II tests were intended to investigate the factors that influence the performance of the technology and to identify the best performing Blade Runners crushing platens. In general two types of tests were conducted: (a) tests where crushing was from the vertical direction and where the platens were fixed from movement in the horizontal direction and (b) tests where the platens were moved horizontally during the crushing to investigate frictional aspects of the technology. For most cases high-speed imaging was used to observe the ice contact zone, by viewing through the platens that were made of acrylic, as it evolved during the tests. Blade shape, orientation and array spacing were investigated as well as platen material. Vertical crushing rates were in the range 10 – 30 mm/s and the horizontal sliding rates were in the range 4.14 – 30 mm/s. All tests were conducted at -10 oC. Three types of freshwater ice were used and 14 platens with open arrays of blades were tested. Results showed that blade shapes and array spacing was important factors and that square-column and square-pyramid blades performed well. The arithmetic average of the high- roughness profiles for the surfaces of the two best performing platens were 0.075 mm (square pyramids) and 0.375 mm (square columns). Load records from tests using flat bladeless crushing platens exhibited a high-amplitude sawtooth load pattern, resulting from fairly regular ice spalling events, that is typical of ice crushing in the brittle regime. This type of spalling behavior, and associated sawtooth load pattern, is responsible for ice-induced vibration of structures when ice sheets encroach on them. The high-performance Blade Runners platens significantly reduced the amplitude of the sawtooth load patterns. During tests there was no evidence of entrapment of crushed ice between blades nor was there any evidence of high frictional forces on the platens during tests involving horizontal sliding. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3fa8c9b6-8328-419b-9d19-b931a80b89db ER - TY - JOUR TI - New friction mechanisms revealed by ice crushing-friction tests on high-roughness surfaces DO - 10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.08.002 AU - Gagnon, Robert E. T2 - Cold Regions Science and Technology SN - 0165-232X VL - 131 SP - 1 EP - 9 KW - Ice crushing-friction; Highly-lubricating ice-melt slurry; Solid-solid fluid interface friction mechanism; Surprising low friction on rough surfaces; New friction mechanisms; Self-generating ice/melt squeeze film AB - Ice crushing occurs to varying degrees in many situations including those that involve a sliding frictional component, such as in sports involving ice contact, ice interaction with bridges, piers, ship hulls, vehicle wheels, rock beds under glaciers and ice-on-ice sliding/crushing interaction within glaciers and extraterrestrial ice masses (on Saturn's moon Enceladus). Here results of ice crushing-friction experiments on high-roughness surfaces with regular arrays of small prominences are presented. Friction coefficients were extraordinarily low and were proportional to the ratio of the tangential sliding rate and the normal crushing rate. All of the friction coefficient variation was determined by the fluid dynamics of a slurry that flowed through channels that developed between leeward-facing facets of the prominences and the moving ice. The slurry originated from a highly-lubricating self-generating squeeze film of ice particles and melt located between the encroaching intact ice and the surfaces. DA - 2016/08/11 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : aaeee823-1462-4c3a-a40b-1eb39f276c91 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel glycan modifies the flagellar filament proteins of the oral bacterium Treponema denticola DO - 10.1111/mmi.13544 AU - Kurniyati, Kurni AU - Kelly, John F. AU - Vinogradov, Evgeny AU - Robotham, Anna AU - Tu, Youbing AU - Wang, Juyu AU - Liu, Jun AU - Logan, Susan M. AU - Li, Chunhao T2 - Molecular Microbiology SN - 0950-382X AB - While protein glycosylation has been reported in several spirochetes including the syphilis bacterium Treponema pallidum and Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi, the pertinent glycan structures and their roles remain uncharacterized. Herein, we report a novel glycan with an unusual chemical composition and structure in the oral spirochete Treponema denticola, a keystone pathogen of periodontitis. The identified glycan of mass 450.2 Da is composed of a monoacetylated nonulosonic acid (Non) with a novel extended N7 acyl modification, a 2-methoxy-4,5,6-trihydroxy-hexanoyl residue in which the Non has a pseudaminic acid configuration (L-glycero-L-manno) and is β-linked to serine or threonine residues. This novel glycan modifies the flagellin proteins (FlaBs) of T. denticola by O-linkage at multiple sites near the D1 domain, a highly conserved region of bacterial flagellins that interact with Toll-like receptor 5. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies demonstrate that the glycosylation plays an essential role in the flagellar assembly and motility of T. denticola. To our knowledge, this novel glycan and its unique modification sites have not been reported previously in any bacteria. DA - 2016/10/01 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8aaeced3-0cba-4ac8-a809-935aacd7ce49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Species specific isotope dilution for the accurate and SI traceable determination of arsenobetaine and methylmercury in cuttlefish and prawn DO - 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.031 AU - Kumkrong, Paramee AU - Thiensong, Benjaporn AU - Le, Phuong mai AU - Mcrae, Garnet AU - Windust, Anthony AU - Deawtong, Suladda AU - Meija, Juris AU - Maxwell, Paulette AU - Yang, Lu AU - Mester, Zoltán T2 - Analytica Chimica Acta SN - 0003-2670 KW - arsenobetaine; methylmercury; speciation; isotope dilution; certified reference material AB - Methods based on species specific isotope dilution were developed for the accurate and SI traceable determination of arsenobetaine (AsBet) and methylmercury (MeHg) in prawn and cuttlefish tissues by LC-MS/MS and SPME GC-ICPMS. Quantitation of AsBet and MeHg were achieved by using a 13C-enriched AsBet spike (NRC CRM CBET-1) and an enriched spike of Me198Hg (NRC CRM EMMS-1), respectively, wherein analyte mass fractions in enriched spikes were determined by reverse isotope dilution using natural abundance AsBet and MeHg primary standards. Purity of these primary standards were characterized by quantitative 1H-NMR with the use of NIST SRM 350b benzoic acid as a primary calibrator, ensuring the final measurement results traceable to SI. Validation of employed methods of ID LC-MS/MS and ID SPME GC-ICPMS was demonstrated by analysis of several biological CRMs (DORM-4, TORT-3, DOLT-5, BCR-627 and BCR-463) with satisfying results. The developed methods were applied for the determination of AsBet and MeHg in two new certified reference materials (CRMs) prawn (PRON-1) and cuttlefish (SQID-1) produced jointly by Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR) and National Research Council Canada (NRC). With additional measurements of AsBet using LC-ICPMS with standard additions calibration and external calibration at NRC and TISTR, respectively, certified values of 1.206 ± 0.058 and 13.96 ± 0.54 mg kg−1 for AsBet as As (expanded uncertainty, k = 2) were obtained for the new CRMs PRON-1 and SQID-1, respectively. The reference value of 0.324 ± 0.028 mg kg−1 as Hg (expanded uncertainty, k = 2) for MeHg was obtained for the SQID-1 based on the results obtained by ID SPME GC-ICPMS method only, whereas MeHg in PRON-1 was found to be < 0.015 mg kg−1. It was found that AsBet comprised 69.7% and 99.0% of total As in the prawn and cuttlefish, respectively, whereas MeHg comprised 94.5% of total Hg in cuttlefish. DA - 2016/10/14 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier Masson LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 31e489cf-7228-467b-ba7c-d3e5ee9917b8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structural studies of the rhamnose-rich cell wall polysaccharide of Lactobacillus casei BL23 DO - 10.1016/j.carres.2016.10.002 AU - Vinogradov, Evgeny AU - Sadovskaya, Irina AU - Grard, Thierry AU - Chapot-chartier, Marie-pierre T2 - Carbohydrate Research SN - 00086215 VL - 435 SP - 156 EP - 161 KW - Lactobacillus casei; Cell wall; Polysaccharide; Rhamnose; Structure; NMR spectroscopy AB - Lactobacillus casei is a Gram positive lactic acid bacterium used in dairy fermentations and present in the normal human gut microbiota. Certain strains are recognized as probiotics with beneficial effects on human and animal health. L. casei BL23 is a potential probiotic strain endowed with anti-inflammatory properties and a model strain widely used in genetic, physiological and biochemical studies. A number of bacterial cell surface polysaccharides have been shown to play a role in the immune modulation activities observed for probiotic lactic acid bacteria. In the present work, we purified the most abundant carbohydrate polymer of L. casei BL23 cell wall, a neutral wall polysaccharide (WPS) and established its chemical structure by periodate oxidation, methylation analysis and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The WPS of L. casei BL23 was shown to contain α-Rha, α-Glc, β-GlcNAc and β-GalNAc forming a branched heptasaccharide repeating unit (variant 1) with an additional partial substitution with α-Glc (variant 2). A modified non-reducing end octasaccharide, corresponding to a terminal unit of the WPS (variant 3), was also identified and allowed to define the biological repeating unit of the WPS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of a biological repeating unit based on a chemical evidence, in a cell wall polysaccharide of a Gram positive bacterial species. DA - 2016/10/08 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1f80d846-dbf4-49ef-998a-ccfd7748fccd ER - TY - JOUR TI - The type B flagellin of hypervirulent clostridium difficile is modified with novel sulphonated Peptidylamido-glycans DO - 10.1074/jbc.M116.749481 AU - Bouché, Laura AU - Panico, Maria AU - Hitchen, Paul AU - Binet, Daniel AU - Sastre, Federico AU - Faulds-pain, Alexandra AU - Valiente, Esmeralda AU - Vinogradov, Evgeny AU - Aubry, Annie AU - Fulton, Kelly AU - Twine, Susan AU - Logan, Susan m AU - Wren, Brendan w AU - Dell, Anne AU - Morris, Howard r T2 - Journal of Biological Chemistry SN - 0021-9258 SN - 1083-351X KW - bacteria; glycosylation; gram-positive bacteria; mass spectrometry (MS); nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); Clostridium difficile; flagellin; modification; sulphonated AB - Glycosylation of flagellins is a well recognized property of many bacterial species. In this study we describe the structural characterization of novel flagellar glycans from a number of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile. We used mass spectrometry (nano LC- MS and MS/MS analysis) to identify a number of putative glycopeptides which carried a variety of glycoform substitutions each of which was linked through an initial HexNAc residue to Ser or Thr. Detailed analysis of a LLDGSSTEIR glycopeptide released by tryptic digestion, which carried two variant structures, revealed that the glycopeptide contained, in addition to carbohydrate moieties, a novel structural entity. A variety of Electrospray-MS strategies using Q-TOF technology were used to define this entity, including positive- and negative-ion collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) MS/MS which produced unique fragmentation patterns, and high resolution accurate mass measurement to allow derivation of atomic compositions, leading to the suggestion of a Taurine-containing peptidylamido-glycan structure. Finally NMR analysis of flagellin glycopeptides provided complementary information. The glycan portion of the modification was assigned as α-Fuc3N-(1→3)-α-Rha-(1→2)-α-Rha3OMe-(1→3)-β-GlcNAc-(1→)Ser and the novel capping moiety was shown to be comprised of Taurine, Alanine, and Glycine. This is the first report of a novel O-linked sulphonated peptidylamido-glycan moiety decorating a flagellin protein. DA - 2016/10 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5ac353b2-654a-48eb-9fc4-c05458f7459d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of in-service Inconel 718 superalloy repaired by linear friction welding DO - 10.1007/s00170-016-9515-2 AU - Smith, M. AU - Bichler, L. AU - Gholipour, J. AU - Wanjara, P. T2 - The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology SN - 0268-3768 SN - 1433-3015 KW - Characterization; Inconel 718; Superalloy; In-service; Linear friction welding; Mechanical properties AB - The focus of this study was to evaluate the possibility of extending the service life of an Inconel® alloy 718 (IN 718) aero-engine turbine using the linear friction welding (LFW) process. In particular, the repair of a blade integrated disk (BLISK) through replacement of blades damaged in-service was emulated by LFW virgin IN 718 to in-service IN 718. The virgin–in-service (V–IS) welds were then characterized to evaluate the evolution in the microstructural features, such as the grain size, δ phase, MC-type carbides and MN-type nitrides, across the weld region. In the as-welded condition, the weld and thermomechanically affected zones exhibited highly integral characteristics (i.e., no oxides, voids, or contamination), as well as no constitutional liquation of secondary phases (e.g., carbides and Laves phases). In the weld zone, grain refinement of the austenite (γ) matrix was observed, using electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), and related to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization during LFW. The microhardness and tensile mechanical properties of the weldments were investigated in the as-welded condition and compared to weldments with a standard post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). The results suggest that the LFW process is a promising technology for refurbishing IN 718 aero-engine components. DA - 2016/10/06 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b73d8309-836c-4209-925a-74264b0f0a0a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maximizing the productivity of the microalgae Scenedesmus AMDD cultivated in a continuous photobioreactor using an online flow rate control DO - 10.1007/s00449-016-1675-9 AU - Mcginn, Patrick J. AU - Macquarrie, Scott P. AU - Choi, Jerome AU - Tartakovsky, Boris T2 - Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering SN - 1615-7591 SN - 1615-7605 KW - Microalgae; Continuous cultivation; Fluorometry; Online control; Optimal productivity AB - In this study, production of the microalga Scenedesmus AMDD in a 300 L continuous flow photobioreactor was maximized using an online flow (dilution rate) control algorithm. To enable online control, biomass concentration was estimated in real time by measuring chlorophyll-related culture fluorescence. A simple microalgae growth model was developed and used to solve the optimization problem aimed at maximizing the photobioreactor productivity. When optimally controlled, Scenedesmus AMDD culture demonstrated an average volumetric biomass productivity of 0.11 g L−1 d−1 over a 25 day cultivation period, equivalent to a 70 % performance improvement compared to the same photobioreactor operated as a turbidostat. The proposed approach for optimizing photobioreactor flow can be adapted to a broad range of microalgae cultivation systems. DA - 2016/09/15 PY - 2016 PB - Springer Verlag LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c78e5e8d-04f1-4525-8bad-0e9314ab47fa ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyanotoxin degradation activity and mlr gene expression profiles of a Sphingopyxis sp. isolated from Lake Champlain, Canada DO - 10.1039/C6EM00001K AU - Maghsoudi, Ehsan AU - Fortin, Nathalie AU - Greer, Charles AU - Maynard, Christine AU - Pagé, Antoine AU - Duy, Sung vo AU - Sauvé, Sébastien AU - Prévost, Michèle AU - Dorner, Sarah T2 - Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts SN - 2050-7887 SN - 2050-7895 AB - A bacterium capable of degrading five microcystin (MC) variants, microcystin-LR, YR, LY, LW and LF at an initial total concentration of 50 μg l−1 in less than 16 hours was isolated from Missisquoi Bay, in the south of Quebec, Canada. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the bacterium as Sphingopyxis sp., designated strain MB-E. It was shown that microcystin biodegradation activity was reduced at acidic and basic pH values. Even though no biodegradation occurred at pH values of 5.05 and 10.23, strain MB-E was able to degrade MCLR and MCYR at pH 9.12 and all five MCs variants tested at pH 6.1. Genomic sequencing revealed that strain MB-E contained the microcystin degrading gene cluster, including the mlrA, mlrB, mlrC and mlrD genes, and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that all of these genes were induced during the degradation of MCLR alone or in the mixture of all five MCs. This novel transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of the mlr gene cluster was similar for MCLR alone, or the mixture of MCs, and appeared to be related to the total concentration of substrate. The results suggested that the bacterium used the same pathway for the degradation of all MC variants. DA - 2016/09/20 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b995b58e-a469-4da6-842a-283655e41dfe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fully printed and encapsulated SWCNT-based thin film transistors via a combination of R2R gravure and inkjet printing DO - 10.1021/acsami.6b06838 AU - Homenick, Christa M. AU - James, Robert AU - Lopinski, Gregory P. AU - Dunford, Jeffrey AU - Sun, Junfeng AU - Park, Hyejin AU - Jung, Younsu AU - Cho, Gyoujin AU - Malenfant, Patrick R. L. T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 KW - fully printed; thin film transistor; enriched semiconducting carbon nanotube ink; SWCNT ink formulation; roll-to-roll AB - Fully printed thin film transistors (TFT) based on poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorene) (PFDD) wrapped semiconducting single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) channels are fabricated by a practical route that combines roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure and ink jet printing. SWCNT network density is easily controlled via ink formulation (concentration and polymer:CNT ratio) and jetting conditions (droplet size, drop spacing, and number of printed layers). Optimum inkjet printing conditions are established on Si/SiO₂ in which an ink consisting of 6:1 PFDD:SWCNT ratio with 50 mg L⁻¹ SWCNT concentration printed at a drop spacing of 20 μm results in TFTs with mobilities of ∼25 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and on-/off-current ratios > 105. These conditions yield excellent network uniformity and are used in a fully additive process to fabricate fully printed TFTs on PET substrates with mobility values > 5 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ (R2R printed gate electrode and dielectric; inkjet printed channel and source/drain electrodes). An inkjet printed encapsulation layer completes the TFT process (fabricated in bottom gate, top contact TFT configuration) and provides mobilities > 1 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ with good operational stability, based on the performance of an inverter circuit. An array of 20 TFTs shows that most have less than 10% variability in terms of threshold voltage, transconductance, on-current, and subthreshold swing. DA - 2016/09/23 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5c9e5f2f-e987-427a-a147-3f9bc515eded ER - TY - JOUR TI - Si/SiGe heterointerfaces in one-, two-, and three-dimensional nanostructures : their effect on SiGe light emission DO - 10.1149/07501.0077ecst AU - Lockwood, D. J. AU - Wu, X. AU - Baribeau, J.-M. AU - Mala, S. A. AU - Wang, X. AU - Tsybeskov, L. T2 - ECS Transactions SN - 1938-6737 SN - 1938-5862 VL - 75 IS - 1 SP - 77 EP - 96 AB - The nature of the interfaces between SiGe nanostructures and Si in heterostructures strongly affects carrier mobility and recombination for physical confinement in one, two, and three dimensions. The interface sharpness is influenced by many factors including growth conditions, strain, and thermal processing, which can make it difficult to attain the desired structures. This is certainly the case for nanostructure confinement in one dimension. However, axial Si/Ge nanowire heterojunctions with a Si/Ge nanowire diameter in the range 50–120 nm produce a strong photoluminescence signal associated with band-to-band electron-hole recombination at the nanowire heterojunction that is attributed to a specific interfacial SiGe alloy composition. For three-dimensional confinement, experiments show that two quite different SiGe nanostructures incorporated into a Si₀⋅₆Ge₀⋅₄ wavy structure exhibit an intense PL signal with a characteristic non-exponential decay time that is remarkably shorter (as much as 1000 times) than that found in conventional Si/SiGe nanostructures. DA - 2016/08/19 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5d0cb95d-681f-421c-b91f-ab6b85bf52d0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Self-assembly formation of Bi-functional Co₃O₄/MnO₂-CNTs hybrid catalysts for achieving both high energy/power density and cyclic ability of rechargeable zinc-air battery DO - 10.1038/srep33590 AU - Xu, Nengneng AU - Liu, Yuyu AU - Zhang, Xia AU - Li, Xuemei AU - Li, Aijun AU - Qiao, Jinli AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - 33590-1 EP - 33590-10 AB - α-MnO₂ nanotubes-supported Co₃O₄ (Co₃O₄/MnO₂) and its carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-hybrids (Co₃O₄/MnO₂-CNTs) have been successfully developed through a facile two-pot precipitation reaction and hydrothermal process, which exhibit the superior bi-functional catalytic activity for both ORR and OER. The high performance is believed to be induced by the hybrid effect among MnO₂ nanotubes, hollow Co₃O₄ and CNTs, which can produce a synergetic enhancement. When integrated into the practical primary and electrochemically rechargeable Zn-air batteries, such a hybrid catalyst can give a discharge peak power density as high as 450 mW cm−². At 1.0 V of cell voltage, a current density of 324 mA cm−² is achieved. This performance is superior to all reported non-precious metal catalysts in literature for zincair batteries and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art platinum-based catalyst. Particularly, the rechargeable Zn-air battery can be fabricated into all-solid-state one through a simple solid-state approach, which exhibits an excellent peak power density of 62 mW cm−², and the charge and discharge potentials remain virtually unchanged during the overall cycles, which is comparable to the one with liquid electrolyte. DA - 2016/09/20 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5be65895-4ca2-49b7-aeec-8f7a0733e29a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modified lignin as a main composition for a new generation of polyurethanes AU - Benhalima, Abdelkader AU - Maillard, Damien AU - Ton-That, Minh Tan AU - Stoeffler, Karen T3 - CPI2016 Polyurethane Technical Conference, Sept. 26-28 2016, Baltimore, USA KW - polyurethane rigid foams; lignin; chemical modification; characterization; foaming AB - This research aims at improving the integration of lignin in polyurethane (PU) rigid foams. First, lignin was chemically modified to introduce amine groups on its molecule. The purpose of this step is to enhance the lignin direct reactivity with isocyanate to form urea bonds and also to use this modified lignin as a catalyst for the main reaction involving polyol and isocyanate. A simple one-step approach, without toxic solvent, was used for this modification. The efficiency of this modification was verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron dispersion X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the resulting modified lignin was incorporated at 1 O and 20 wt % in the formulation of PU rigid foams. The influence of lignin on foaming ability was also evaluated , ln addition, the effect of modified lignin on mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and density of the foam was also investigated. DA - 2016/09/26 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : dd208c89-eb82-4b1d-94b0-500bcf5fea33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lower cost, lower weight and greener polypropylene biocomposites for automotive applications AU - Mihai, Mihaela AU - Stoeffler, Karen AU - A., Elmaraltbl T2 - ICAutoC 2016 T3 - International Conference on Automotive Composites, ICAutoC20106, Sept. 21-23 2016, Lisbon, Portugal SP - OIDMEC2011S KW - Bioblend; Biocomposite; Polypropylene; Automotive application; Light weighting AB - This paper discloses methods to produce sustainable/e blends and composites based on polypropylene (PP) as viable eco-solutions for automotive interior applications. Different biomaterials based on PP were prepared, containing up to 50 wt.% of renewable content (cellulosic fibers and/or polylactide) . These biomaterials were evaluated in terms of morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties, as well as for cost and weight reductions. The /ensile strength, tensile modulus, and heat deflection temperature present at least equivalent values comparing to neat PP and to commercial PP compounds currently used in automotive interior parts . Foamed part, obtained from these biocomposites through foam injection n molding process , presented at / east similar properties as unfoamed and commercial grades while being up Io 25 wt.% lighter, 33 % Jess expensive, and 50 wt.% greener. DA - 2016/09/22 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3cabf85a-4713-4dee-ac2e-b4cb0fdd2797 ER - TY - GEN TI - Lower cost, lower weight and greener polypropylene biocomposites for automotive applications DO - 10.4224/23000804 AU - Mihai, Mihaela AU - Stoeffler, Karen T3 - International Conference on Automotive Composites, ICAutoC20106, Sept. 21-23 2016, Lisbon, Portugal KW - Bioblend; Biocomposite; Polypropylene; Automotive application; Light weighting DA - 2016/09/22 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d5b176e0-ceb9-4a43-9795-3e047f33b1f5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biocomposites and bioblends based on engineering thermoplastics for automotive applications AU - Mihai, Mihaela AU - Stoeffler, Karen AU - A., Elmaraltbl T2 - ICAutoC 20106 T3 - International Conference on Automotive Composites, ICAutoC20106, Sept. 21-23 2016, Lisbon, Portugal SP - CIOMEC201B KW - Bioblends; Biocomposites; Automotive applications; PA6; ABS; Light-weighting AB - This paper presents viable solutions concerning the formulati on, processing and performance of biocomposites and bioblends based on engineering thermoplastics fo r application in automotive inleriors. Polyamide (PA6) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-s tyrene (ABS) were formulated to produce biocomposites containing up Io 40 wt.% cellulosicfibers . Bioblends of PA6 and ABS containing up to 30 wt.% polylactide (PLA) were obtained as well. Final/y, different biocomposites were compounded based on PA6 / PLA and ABS / PLA blends containing cellulosic fibers. These biocomposites and bioblends were evaluated in terms of morphology, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as for cos/ and weight reductions. The tensile strength, !ensile modulus, and heat deflection tempera/ure presented al least equivalent values as neat PA6, neat ABS and commercial grades currently used in the fabri cation of automotive interior parts. Furthermore, foamed samples obtained from these biocomposites through injection foaming process presented similor properties as unfoamed and commercial grades while being up Io 10 wt.% lighter, 37 % Jess expensive, and 40 wt.% greener. DA - 2016/09/21 PY - 2016 PB - American Chemistry Council LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2df29b1c-8a66-4336-a595-291f70e8a8d0 ER - TY - GEN TI - Biocomposites and bioblends based on engineering thermoplastics for automotive applications DO - 10.4224/23000802 AU - Mihai, Mihaela AU - Stoeffler, Karen T3 - International Conference on Automotive Composites, ICAutoC20106, Sept. 21-23 2016, Lisbon, Portugal KW - Bioblends; Biocomposites; Automotive applications; PA6; ABS; Light-weighting DA - 2016/09/21 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e2fb8cae-1678-4a85-adc5-a233ed56b5a0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strained HgTe plates grown on SrTiO3 investigated by micro-Raman mapping DO - 10.1063/1.4962852 AU - Lv, Meng AU - Wang, Reng AU - Wei, Laiming AU - Yu, Guolin AU - Lin, Tie AU - Dai, Ning AU - Chu, Junhao AU - Lockwood, David. J. T2 - Journal of Applied Physics SN - 0021-8979 SN - 1089-7550 VL - 120 IS - 11 SP - 115304-1 EP - 115304-6 AB - HgTe plates have been grown by vapor phase epitaxy on (111) SrTiO3 substrates with a preferred orientation in the (111) crystalline direction, as indicated by x-ray diffraction. Examination of the plates using the micro-Raman mapping shows that the HgTe plates exhibit unusual strain patterns: the Raman peaks from the transverse-optical and longitudinal-optical phonons for the thicker (central) parts of the HgTe plates are at the same frequency as that of the bulk HgTe, while the Raman peaks for the thinner parts of the HgTe plates, which surround the thicker parts and can hardly be seen in a scanning electron microscope, are significantly larger in frequency. The full width at half maximum is smaller in the thinner areas than in the thicker parts. Theoretical analysis shows that the HgTe plates on SrTiO3 substrates suffer from compressive stress, and this may be sufficient to induce the three-dimensional topological insulator behavior in HgTe. DA - 2016/09/21 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0ad16f91-570d-4e4c-84c5-66f7871e41af ER - TY - JOUR TI - Subwavelength structures for nanophotonic couplers, colourless splitters, polarization control and mid-infrared waveguides DO - 10.1109/ICTON.2016.7550536 AU - Cheben, P. AU - Schmid, J.H. AU - Xu, D.-X. AU - Janz, S. AU - Lapointe, J. AU - Rahim, M. AU - Wang, S. AU - Vachon, M. AU - Halir, R. AU - Ortega-monux, A. AU - Sarmiento-merenguel, J. D. AU - Wanguemert-perez, G. AU - Molina-fernandez, I. AU - Pond, J. AU - Benedikovic, D. AU - Alonso-ramos, C. AU - Le roux, X. AU - Vivien, L. AU - Marris-morini, D. AU - Penades, J. S. AU - Nedeljkovic, M. AU - Mashanovich, G.Z. AU - Velasco, A.V. AU - Calvo, M.L. AU - Dado, M. AU - Mullerova, J. AU - Ye, W. AU - Papes, M. AU - Vasinek, V. T2 - 2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) T3 - 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), July 10 -14, 2016, Trento, Italy SN - 978-1-5090-1467-5 SP - We.B1.3 AB - We report our recent advances in development of subwavelength engineered dielectric metamaterial structures for integrated photonics. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9f1124a2-68dd-45d9-b18d-736bb0409953 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A rational engineering strategy for designing protein a-binding camelid single-domain antibodies DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0163113 AU - Henry, Kevin A. AU - Sulea, Traian AU - Van faassen, Henk AU - Hussack, Greg AU - Purisima, Enrico O. AU - Mackenzie, C. Roger AU - Arbabi-ghahroudi, Mehdi T2 - PLOS ONE SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 9 SP - e0163113 AB - Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) and streptococcal protein G (SpG) affinity chromatography are the gold standards for purifying monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in therapeutic applications. However, camelid VHH single-domain Abs (sdAbs or VHHs) are not bound by SpG and only sporadically bound by SpA. Currently, VHHs require affinity tag-based purification, which limits their therapeutic potential and adds considerable complexity and cost to their production. Here we describe a simple and rapid mutagenesis-based approach designed to confer SpA binding upon a priori non-SpA-binding VHHs. We show that SpA binding of VHHs is determined primarily by the same set of residues as in human mAbs, albeit with an unexpected degree of tolerance to substitutions at certain core and non-core positions and some limited dependence on at least one residue outside the SpA interface, and that SpA binding could be successfully introduced into five VHHs against three different targets with no adverse effects on expression yield or antigen binding. Next-generation sequencing of llama, alpaca and dromedary VHH repertoires suggested that species differences in SpA binding may result from frequency variation in specific deleterious polymorphisms, especially Ile57. Thus, the SpA binding phenotype of camelid VHHs can be easily modulated to take advantage of tag-less purification techniques, although the frequency with which this is required may depend on the source species. DA - 2016/09/15 PY - 2016 PB - Public Library of Science LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f43c114f-2618-4773-9929-bcb2d6fee7ba ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morphing wing-tip open loop controller and its validation during wind tunnel tests at the IAR-NRC DO - 10.13111/2066-8201.2016.8.3.4 AU - Mohamed sadok, Guezguez AU - Ruxandra mihaela, Botez AU - Mahmoud, Mamou AU - Youssef, Mebarki T2 - INCAS Bulletin SN - 20668201 SN - 22474528 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 41 EP - 53 KW - morphing wing; wind tunnel tests; open loop controller; communication hardware; electrical actuators; pressure kulite sensors AB - In this project, a wing tip of a real aircraft was designed and manufactured. This wing tip was composed of a wing and an aileron. The wing was equipped with a composite skin on its upper surface. This skin changed its shape (morphed) by use of 4 electrical in-house developed actuators and 32 pressure sensors. These pressure sensors measure the pressures, and further the loads on the wing upper surface. Thus, the upper surface of the wing was morphed using these actuators with the aim to improve the aerodynamic performances of the wing-tip. Two types of ailerons were designed and manufactured: one aileron is rigid (non-morphed) and one morphing aileron. This morphing aileron can change its shape also for the aerodynamic performances improvement. The morphing wing-tip internal structure is designed and manufactured, and is presented firstly in the paper. Then, the modern communication and control hardware are presented for the entire morphing wing tip equipped with actuators and sensors having the aim to morph the wing. The calibration procedure of the wing tip is further presented, followed by the open loop controller results obtained during wind tunnel tests. Various methodologies of open loop control are presented in this paper, and results obtained were obtained and validated experimentally through wind tunnel tests. DA - 2016/09/08 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f552a752-f66a-4707-8e41-393fec44d017 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Airborne optical and thermal remote sensing for wildfire detection and monitoring DO - 10.3390/s16081310 AU - Allison, Robert S. AU - Johnston, Joshua M. AU - Craig, Gregory AU - Jennings, Sion T2 - Sensors SN - 1424-8220 VL - 16 IS - 8, Special Issue Sensors for Fire Detection SP - 1310 KW - wildfire; fire detection; fire monitoring; airborne sensors; fire spotting; detection patrols; unmanned aerial vehicles AB - For decades detection and monitoring of forest and other wildland fires has relied heavily on aircraft (and satellites). Technical advances and improved affordability of both sensors and sensor platforms promise to revolutionize the way aircraft detect, monitor and help suppress wildfires. Sensor systems like hyperspectral cameras, image intensifiers and thermal cameras that have previously been limited in use due to cost or technology considerations are now becoming widely available and affordable. Similarly, new airborne sensor platforms, particularly small, unmanned aircraft or drones, are enabling new applications for airborne fire sensing. In this review we outline the state of the art in direct, semi-automated and automated fire detection from both manned and unmanned aerial platforms. We discuss the operational constraints and opportunities provided by these sensor systems including a discussion of the objective evaluation of these systems in a realistic context. DA - 2016/08/18 PY - 2016 PB - MDPI LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1a559bc9-2950-4188-8546-d1c40971b9fb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) on the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete: results of a RILEM interlaboratory study DO - 10.1617/s11527-016-0868-7 AU - Mechtcherine, Viktor AU - Schröfl, Christof AU - Wyrzykowski, Mateusz AU - Gorges, Michaela AU - Lura, Pietro AU - Cusson, Daniel AU - Margeson, Jim AU - De Belie, Nele AU - Snoeck, Didier AU - Ichimiya, Kazuo AU - Igarashi, Shin-Ichi AU - Falikman, Vyacheslav AU - Friedrich, Stefan AU - Bokern, Jürgen AU - Kara, Patricia AU - Marciniak, Alicja AU - Reinhardt, Hans-Wolf AU - Sippel, Sören AU - Bettencourt Ribeiro, António AU - Custódio, João AU - Ye, Guang AU - Dong, Hua AU - Weiss, Jason T2 - Materials and Structures SN - 1359-5997 SN - 1871-6873 VL - 50 IS - 1 KW - Air-entraining agent; CDF test; CIF test; Deicing salt; Frost resistance; Freeze–thaw; Interlaboratory study; Scaling; Slab test; Superabsorbent polymer AB - This article presents the results of an interlaboratory experimental study performed by 13 international research groups within the framework of the activities of the RILEM Technical Committee 225-SAP “Applications of Superabsorbent Polymers in Concrete Construction”. Two commercially available superabsorbent polymers (SAP) were tested in terms of their influence on the freeze–thaw resistance of ordinary concrete. To test the robustness of the method, all participating laboratories used locally produced materials. Furthermore, following this aim, various accelerated methods were used to estimate the resistance of the concrete to freeze–thaw cycles. The effect of adding SAP was from insignificant to considerably positive in terms of improvement in material performance as determined by reduced mass loss after freeze–thaw cycles; only one participant observed worsening of the material behaviour. At the same time, due to the addition of SAP, a much less pronounced decrease in the dynamic Young’s modulus was observed as a result of freeze–thaw testing without deicing salt. DA - 2016/08/10 PY - 2016 LA - eng N1 - yes C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8680357b-2862-4423-b66c-37213700362f ER - TY - GEN TI - Silicon-on-insulator integrated tunable polarization controller (conference presentation) DO - 10.1117/12.2229352 AU - Sarmiento-Merenguel, Jose-Dario AU - Alonso-Ramos, Carlos AU - Halir, Robert AU - Le Roux, Xavier AU - Vivien, Laurent AU - Cheben, Pavel AU - Durán-Valdeiglesias, Elena AU - Molina-Fernández, Iñigo AU - Marris-Morini, Delphine AU - Xu, Danxia AU - Schmid, Jens H. AU - Janz, Siegfried AU - Ortega-Moñux, Alejandro T2 - Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits V T2 - Proceedings of SPIE; no. 9891 T3 - SPIE Photonics Europe, April 3-7 2016, Brussels, Belgium SN - 9781510601369 SP - 989108 AB - Polarization management is a key functionality in many photonic applications, including optical communications, imaging or quantum information. Developing integrated devices capable of reliably controlling polarization state would result in compact and low cost circuits with improved stability compared with fiber or bulk optics solutions. However, stringent fabrication tolerances make the integration of polarization managing elements highly challenging. The main challenge in polarization controllers, composed by polarization rotators and polarization phase shifters, is to precisely control rotation angle in integrated polarization rotators. Proposed solutions typically require sophisticated fabrication processes or extremely tight fabrication tolerances, seriously hindering their practical application. Here we present a technology independent polarization controller scheme that relies on phase shifters to largely relax fabrication tolerances of polarization rotators. In addition, these phase shifters enable dynamic wavelength tuning. In our scheme, three polarization rotation elements are interconnected with two tunable phase shifters to adjust the polarization extinction ratio, while an output polarization phase shifter is used to select the relative phase. This way we can achieve any desired output state of polarization. We have implemented this scheme in the silicon-on-insulator platform, experimentally demonstrating a record polarization extinction range of 40 dB (± 20 dB) with a 98% coverage of the Poincaré sphere. Furthermore, the device is tunable in the complete C-band. These results constitute, to the best of our knowledge, the highest polarization extinction range achieved in a fully integrated device. DA - 2016/05/13 PY - 2016 PB - SPIE Digital Library LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : cb6ab01f-94dc-4551-96c6-ca12a373713e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Francisella tularensis IglG belongs to a novel family of PAAR-Like T6SS proteins and harbors a unique N-terminal extension required for virulence DO - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005821 AU - Rigard, Mélanie AU - Bröms, Jeanette E. AU - Mosnier, Amandine AU - Hologne, Maggy AU - Martin, Amandine AU - Lindgren, Lena AU - Punginelli, Claire AU - Lays, Claire AU - Walker, Olivier AU - Charbit, Alain AU - Telouk, Philippe AU - Conlan, Wayne AU - Terradot, Laurent AU - Sjöstedt, Anders AU - Henry, Thomas T2 - PLoS Pathogens SN - 1553-7366 SN - 1553-7374 VL - 12 IS - 9 SP - e1005821 AB - The virulence of Francisella tularensis, the etiological agent of tularemia, relies on an atypical type VI secretion system (T6SS) encoded by a genomic island termed the Francisella Pathogenicity Island (FPI). While the importance of the FPI in F. tularensis virulence is clearly established, the precise role of most of the FPI-encoded proteins remains to be deciphered. In this study, using highly virulent F. tularensis strains and the closely related species F. novicida, IglG was characterized as a protein featuring a unique α-helical N-terminal extension and a domain of unknown function (DUF4280), present in more than 250 bacterial species. Three dimensional modeling of IglG and of the DUF4280 consensus protein sequence indicates that these proteins adopt a PAAR-like fold, suggesting they could cap the T6SS in a similar way as the recently described PAAR proteins. The newly identified PAAR-like motif is characterized by four conserved cysteine residues, also present in IglG, which may bind a metal atom. We demonstrate that IglG binds metal ions and that each individual cysteine is required for T6SS-dependent secretion of IglG and of the Hcp homologue, IglC and for the F. novicida intracellular life cycle. In contrast, the Francisella-specific N-terminal α-helical extension is not required for IglG secretion, but is critical for F. novicida virulence and for the interaction of IglG with another FPI-encoded protein, IglF. Altogether, our data suggest that IglG is a PAAR-like protein acting as a bi-modal protein that may connect the tip of the Francisella T6SS with a putative T6SS effector, IglF. DA - 2016/09/07 PY - 2016 PB - Public Library of Science LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 246a1033-b92c-452d-a489-47f7fe1bd5f0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation of TGF-β-neutralizing single-domain antibodies of predetermined epitope specificity using next-generation DNA sequencing DO - 10.1093/protein/gzw043 AU - Henry, Kevin A. AU - Hussack, Greg AU - Collins, Cathy AU - Zwaagstra, John C. AU - Tanha, Jamshid AU - MacKenzie, C. Roger T2 - Protein Engineering, Design and Selection SN - 1741-0126 SN - 1741-0134 SP - 1 EP - 5 KW - antibody; single-domain antibody; VHH; TGF-β; next-generation DNA sequencing; phage display AB - The epitope specificity of therapeutic antibodies is often critical to their efficacy and mode of action. Here, we report the isolation of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) against a pre-specified epitope of TGF-β3: namely, the site of interaction between the cytokine and its cell-surface type II receptor. By panning a phage-displayed immune llama VhH library against TGF-β3 using competitive elution with soluble dimeric type II receptor ectodomain in tandem with next-generation DNA sequencing, we identified several sdAbs that competed with the receptor for TGF-β3 binding and neutralized TGF-β3 in in vitro cellular assays. In contrast, all other sdAbs identified using conventional panning approaches (i.e., without regard to epitope specificity) did not target the site of receptor:cytokine interaction. We expect this strategy to be generally applicable for identifying epitope-specific sdAbs when binding reagents directed against the epitope of interest are available. The sdAbs identified here are of potential interest as cancer immunotherapeutics. DA - 2016/09/08 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 646f2540-63b6-4b0e-a7ae-731f5c2a6082 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Powder characterization using X-ray tomography and image analysis AU - Bernier, Fabrice AU - Pelletier, Roger AU - Lefebvre, Louis-Philippe T3 - 2016 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, Powdermet 2016, June 5-8, 2016, Boston, USA AB - Large scale deployment of additive manufacturing (AM) processes relies on part quality, specifically the presence of internai defects and part-to-part consistency. Sorne of the defects observed in finished parts have been associated with porosities in the powder feedstock used in AM processes including powder bed, laser cladding,and cold spray. Since the level of porosity in these powders is generally very low, standard characterization techniques, such as pycnometry and metallography with image analysis, are not well suited for quantification. This study presents a new approach combining high resolution X­ ray tomography with 3D image analysis to evaluate and quantify porosity in titanium powder feedstock. The effects of acquisition parameters and image analysis procedures on porosity quantification were investigated to validate the proposed method and assess its reliability. Data demonstrates that the proposed technique is sufficiently sensitive to differentiate powders with different porosity levels. DA - 2016/07/08 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 485f564f-02ba-4ff8-81fb-8ff44941c4d2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cold spray deposition of Ni-WC composite coating and its dry sliding wear behavior AU - Alidokht, S. A. AU - Manimunda, P. AU - Vo, P. AU - Yue, S. AU - Chromik, R. R. T3 - Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films, 2016-04-25, San Diago, CA, USA KW - Cold spray; Metal matrix composite; Friction; Mechanically mixed layer (MML); WC; Subsurface microstructure AB - Tungsten carbide based composites are highly wear resistant materials that are often fabricated as coatings by thermal spray processes. However, the high temperature of thermal spray may result in decarburization and a deterioration of the wear resistance. An alternative is to use cold spray to deposit WC based composite coatings. The Iower temperature allows one to retain the composition of initial WC feedstock but the cold spray process is only recently being researched for development of composite coatings. In this study, Ni and Ni-WC coatings were fabricated by cold spray. The WC and Ni powders were fed to a de Laval nozzle from separate hoppers with independent feed rates. By adjusting feedrates, a blend of Ni-50vol.% WC was sprayed, which resulted in a composite coating of Ni-10.5vol.% WC.The influence of WC on Ni deposition was examined via microstructural characterization, including morphology of the coating's top surface and polished cross sections. Mechanical properties of coatings were improved by incorporation of WC into the Ni matrix. The wear behavior of coatings was studied with sliding wear tests using a 6.35 mm diameter WC-Co ball. Ali tests were conducted in dry air with a sliding speed of 3 mm/sec, a track Iength of 10 mm, and normal load of 5 N. WC-Ni coatings were more wear resistant than cold-sprayed Ni coatings. The correlations between wom surface morphologies, subsurface microstructure induced by wear and the wear behavior of the coatings was discussed. Microstructural analyses showed a mechanically mixed layer (MML) on the top of wom surfaces consisting of compacted oxides. It was revealed that the presence of hard particles in the Ni-WC coating facilitated fast development of the MML, as well as stabilized the MML, characterized by Iess plastic flow, fewer cracking and higher hardness. DA - 2016/04/25 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7136df1f-b0b4-4988-8af1-cde5f3c48b48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numerical simulation of the effect of strip entry temperature on continuous galvanizing bath management and dross formation AU - Yu, K. R. AU - Ilinca, F. AU - Goodwin, F. E. T2 - 2016 AISTech Conference Proceedings T3 - The Iron and Steel Technology Conference, AISTech 2016, 16-19 May 2016, Pittsburgh, PA., U.S.A SP - PR-370-126 KW - Dross formation; Continuous Galvanizing Bath; Numerical modeling; Strip Entry Temperature AB - Achieving a good and stable thermal field and controlling the content of aluminum and iron in the continuous galvanizing bath operations are of critical importance in achieving automotive quality coated steel products. Due to the prior over-aging heat treatment, the strip entry temperature for advanced high strength steels (AHSS) may be different from the mean bath temperature. Such temperature difference may have significant impacts on the bath thermal field and consequently the dross formation patterns, potentially hampering the quality of the coating surface. DA - 2016/05 PY - 2016 PB - Association for Iron and Steel Technology LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b5a2c56f-dcc4-494c-b8ee-f3db158f58e8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Capacity of hybrid reinforced UHPC beams in flexure and shear AU - Alameer, Alameer AU - Saatcioglu, Murat T2 - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering Annual Conference 2015: Building on Our Growth Opportunities T3 - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering Annual Conference 2015, May 27-30, 2015, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada SN - 9781510823648 SP - 693 EP - 701 DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE) LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 79b3ce91-d2e9-4dbf-b803-706e801c8e99 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomethanation of syngas using anaerobic sludge: shift in the catabolic routes with the CO partial pressure increase DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01188 AU - Navarro, Silvia Sancho AU - Cimpoia, Ruxandra AU - Bruant, Guillaume AU - Guiot, Serge R. T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology SN - 1664-302X VL - 7 SP - 1188 AB - Syngas generated by thermal gasification of biomass or coal can be steam reformed and purified into methane, which could be used locally for energy needs, or re-injected in the natural gas grid. As an alternative to chemical catalysis, the main components of the syngas (CO, CO2, and H2) can be used as substrates by a wide range of microorganisms, to be converted into gas biofuels, including methane. This study evaluates the carboxydotrophic (CO-consuming) methanogenic potential present in an anaerobic sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating waste water, and elucidates the CO conversion routes to methane at 35 ± 3°C. Kinetic activity tests under CO at partial pressures (pCO) varying from 0.1 to 1.5 atm (0.09–1.31 mmol/L in the liquid phase) showed a significant carboxydotrophic activity potential for growing conditions on CO alone. A maximum methanogenic activity of 1 mmol CH4 per g of volatile suspended solid and per day was achieved at 0.2 atm of CO (0.17 mmol/L), and then the rate decreased with the amount of CO supplied. The intermediary metabolites such as acetate, H2, and propionate started to accumulate at higher CO concentrations. Inhibition experiments with 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES), fluoroacetate, and vancomycin showed that in a mixed culture CO was converted mainly to acetate by acetogenic bacteria, which was further transformed to methane by acetoclastic methanogens, while direct methanogenic CO conversion was negligible. Methanogenesis was totally blocked at high pCO in the bottles (≥1 atm). However it was possible to achieve higher methanogenic potential under a 100% CO atmosphere after acclimation of the sludge to CO. This adaptation to high CO concentrations led to a shift in the archaeal population, then dominated by hydrogen-utilizing methanogens, which were able to take over acetoclastic methanogens, while syntrophic acetate oxidizing (SAO) bacteria oxidized acetate into CO2 and H2. The disaggregation of the granular sludge showed a negative impact on their methanogenic activity, confirming that the acetoclastic methanogens were the most sensitive to CO, and a contrario, the advantage of using granular sludge for further development toward large-scale methane production from CO-rich syngas. DA - 2016/08/03 PY - 2016 PB - Frontiers Media LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 495f0e49-8942-43de-a4b1-6e0d2f22bbb5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High temperature performance of mullite whisker-reinforced ZTA DO - 10.1177/0021998315624498 AU - Robertson, Taylor AU - Huang, Xiao AU - Kearsey, Rick T2 - Journal of Composite Materials SN - 0021-9983 SN - 1530-793X KW - Ceramic matrix composite; mullite whiskers; zirconia toughened alumina; sintering; high temperature properties AB - In this work, an oxide-based ceramic matrix composite (CMC) consisting of a zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) matrix and reinforced with mullite whiskers is produced with the purpose of providing more oxidation resistance and cost-effective alternative to covalent discontinuously reinforced ceramics. ZTA has enhanced toughness, strength and creep resistance over single-phase alumina or zirconia. ZTA can further be strengthened by the inclusion of SiC whiskers; however, these whiskers are prone to oxidation at temperatures above 1000℃ leading to loss of properties. In this work, mullite whiskers are used as the reinforcement due to its stability in oxidizing atmospheres are high temperatures. Mullite whiskers are grown through the molten salt method and incorporated into the ZTA matrix using a colloidal processing route. The microstructure and room temperature properties have been reported in an earlier paper. Whisker additions have been shown to improve the flexural strength of ZTA at 1200℃ by 59.31%. There is some concern over the stability of large diameter whiskers at high temperatures, especially in environments with excessive moisture content or residual alkali contamination. Further work will be carried out to address these concerns as well as to develop a statistical analysis of the results presented. DA - 2016/01/05 PY - 2016 PB - SAGE Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 38419a6b-98f9-447d-b30b-e883dc0a5e3e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of certified reference materials for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins, part 1: calibration solutions DO - 10.5740/jaoacint.16-0151 AU - Beach, Daniel G. AU - Crain, Shelia M. AU - Lewis, Nona Aisha AU - LeBlanc, Patricia AU - Hardstaff, William R. AU - Perez, Ruth A. AU - Giddings, Sabrina AU - Martinez-Farina, Camilo F. AU - Stefanova, Roumiana AU - Burton, Ian W. AU - Kilcoyne, Jane AU - Melanson, Jeremy E. AU - Quilliam, Michael Arthur AU - McCarron, Pearse T2 - Journal of AOAC International SN - 1060-3271 SN - 1944-7922 VL - 99 IS - 5 SP - 1151 EP - 1162 AB - Okadaic acid (OA) and its analogs dinophysistoxins-1 (DTX1) and -2 (DTX2) are lipophilic polyethers produced by marine dinoflagellates. These toxins accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans. Regulatory testing of shellfish is essential to safeguard public health and for international trade. Certified reference materials (CRMs) play a key role in analytical monitoring programs. This paper presents an overview of the interdisciplinary work that went into the planning, production, and certification of calibration-solution CRMs for OA, DTX1, and DTX2. OA and DTX1 were isolated from large-scale algal cultures and DTX2 from naturally contaminated mussels. Toxins were isolated by a combination of extraction and chromatographic steps with processes adapted to suit the source and concentration of each toxin. New 19-epi-DSP toxin analogs were identified as minor impurities. Once OA, DTX1, and DTX2 were established to be of suitable purity, solutions were prepared and dispensed into flame-sealed glass ampoules. Certification measurements were carried out using quantitative NMR spectroscopy and LC-tandem MS. Traceability of measurements was established through certified external standards of established purity. Uncertainties were assigned following standards and guidelines from the International Organization for Standardization, with components from the measurement, stability, and homogeneity studies being propagated into final combined uncertainties. DA - 2016/08/13 PY - 2016 PB - AOAC International LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 53913ae4-86fe-47c3-b60c-48c44a10d6d3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Abstract 1216: assays for the selection and functional characterization of antibody-drug conjugates at the National Research Council of Canada DO - 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2016-1216 AU - Jaramillo, Maria L. AU - Meury, Luc AU - Jolicoeur, Normand AU - Banville, Myruam AU - Tao, Limei AU - McCourt, Maureen O'Connor T2 - Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA T2 - Cancer Research; 76 T3 - AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016, April 16-20, 2016, New Orleans, LA SN - 0008-5472 SN - 1538-7445 AB - One of the most promising and fastest growing classes of cancer therapeutics builds on the molecular targeting abilities of antibodies by combining them with drugs to generate highly specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). However, the development of ADCs requires time-consuming selection of the antibody for every target and cancer type. Screening technologies based on the use of conjugated secondary antibodies provide a fast and efficient surrogate assay from which to identify which antibodies are best internalized and suitable for immunoconjugate development into ADCs. DA - 2016/07/15 PY - 2016 PB - American Association for Cancer Research LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 567ed20b-bd54-4fdf-a87b-b69bdd6ef870 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ruminal in vitro gas production, dry matter digestibility, methane abatement potential, and fatty acid biohydrogenation of six species of microalgae DO - 10.1139/cjas-2015-0141 AU - Anele, U. Y. AU - Yang, W. Z. AU - McGinn, P. J. AU - Tibbetts, S. M. AU - McAllister, T. A. T2 - Canadian Journal of Animal Science SN - 0008-3984 SN - 1918-1825 VL - 96 IS - 3 SP - 354 EP - 363 KW - biohydrogenation; batch culture; lipid; methane; microalgae KW - biohydrogénation; culture en batch; lipide; méthane; microalgue AB - This study evaluated the composition, digestibility [dry matter digestibility (DMD)], CH4 abatement potential, and fatty acid biohydrogenation of six species of microalgae. Lipid content ranged from 115 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) (Scenedesmus sp. AMDD) to 361 g kg−1 DM (Tetracystis sp.), while Scenedesmus sp. AMDD had the highest carbohydrate (364 g kg−1 DM) and fibre content (277 g kg−1 DM). Gas production was highest (P < 0.001) for Micractinium reisseri and Chlorella vulgaris. In vitro DMD ranged from 654 g kg−1 for Scenedesmus sp. AMDD to 797 g kg−1 for Nannochloris bacillaris. Total CH4 differed (P < 0.001) among microalgae, ranging from 1.76 mL g−1 DM for Tetracystis sp. to 4.07 mL g−1 DM for M. reisseri. Nannochloropsis granulata (marine) had higher myristic, palmitoleic, and eicosapentaenoic acid levels than freshwater microalgae. Levels of α-linolenic acid were higher in Scenedesmus sp. AMDD than all other microalgae. CH4 production negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with levels of total carbohydrate, oleic, and α-linolenic acid. Despite having a lower lipid content, CH4 reductions with Scenedesmus sp. AMDD were comparable to Tetracystis sp. and N. bacillaris. Reductions in CH4 with Tetracystis sp. and N. bacillaris occurred without a decline in DMD, suggesting that overall microbial activity was not inhibited. AB - Cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer la composition, la digestibilité (DMD—« dry matter digestibility »), le potentiel de réduction du CH4 et la biohydrogénation des acides gras de six espèces de microalgues. Le contenu lipidique variait de 115 g kg−1 de matières sèches (DM — « dry matter ») (Scenedesmus sp. AMDD) à 361 g kg−1 DM (Tetracystis sp.), tandis que Scenedesmus sp. AMDD avait la plus grande teneur en hydrates de carbone (364 g kg−1 DM) et en fibres (277 g kg−1 DM). La production de gaz était la plus élevée (P < 0,001) chez Micractinium reisseri et Chlorella vulgaris. La DMD in vitro variait de 654 g kg−1 chez Scenedesmus sp. AMDD à 797 g kg−1 chez Nannochloris bacillaris. Le CH4 total différait (P < 0,001) parmi les microalgues, variant de 1,76 mL g−1 DM chez Tetracystis sp. à 4,07 mL g−1 DM chez M. reisseri. Nannochloropsis granulata (une espèce marine) avait des niveaux d’acides myristique, palmitoléique et éicosapentaénoique que les microalgues d’eau douce. Les niveaux d’acide α-linolénique étaient plus élevés chez Scenedesmus sp. AMDD que chez toutes les autres espèces de microalgues. Il y avait une corrélation négative (P < 0,05) entre la production de CH4 et les niveaux totaux d’hydrates de carbone et d’acides oléique et α-linolénique. Malgré une plus faible teneur en lipides, les réductions de productions de CH4 chez Scenedesmus sp. AMDD étaient comparables à celles de Tetracystis sp. et N. bacillaris. Les réductions de production de CH4 chez Tetracystis sp. et N. bacillaris avaient lieu sans réduction de DMD, ce qui suggère que l’activité microbienne totale n’a pas été inhibée. DA - 2016/04/19 PY - 2016 PB - National Research Council Canada. Research Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f8b0a750-4f37-4784-9ebf-0c43084640f9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro digestion of microalgal biomass from freshwater species isolated in Alberta, Canada for monogastric and ruminant animal feed applications DO - 10.1016/j.algal.2016.01.016 AU - Tibbetts, Sean M. AU - MacPherso, Terri AU - McGinn, Patrick J. AU - Fredeen, Alan H. T2 - Algal Research SN - 2211-9264 SN - 2211-9264 SP - ALGAL-00472 SP - 324 EP - 332 KW - Microalgae; Digestibility; Monogastric, Ruminant; Protein; Energy; Methane AB - In vitro digestion studies were conducted to examine the potential nutritional value of whole (WAB) and lipid-extracted biomass (LEB) from freshwater microalgae from Alberta, Canada. For WAB, protein solubility (PS) was statistically highest and the same (P = 0.109) for Chlorellavulgaris at 84% and Micractiniumreisseri at 78%, lowest (P < 0.001) for Nannochlorisbacillaris at 64% and intermediate for Tetracystis sp. at 73%. Dilute pepsin digestibility (DPD) was highest (P < 0.001) for C. vulgaris at 80% and lowest (P < 0.001) for N. bacillaris and Tetracystis sp. at 60–64%, which were the same (P = 0.075) and M. reisseri was intermediate at 72%. Two-phase gastric/pancreatic digestibility of protein (GPDProtein) and energy (GPDEnergy) were highest (P < 0.001) for M. reisseri at 78 and 57%, respectively, lowest (P < 0.001) for N. bacillaris and Tetracystis sp. at 49–52 and 41–43%, respectively, which were the same (P = 0.101 and 0.058, respectively) and C. vulgaris was intermediate at 69 and 52%, respectively. For LEB, PS was highest (P < 0.001) and the same (P = 0.088) for C. vulgaris and M. reisseri at 72–76%; which were higher (P < 0.001) than N. bacillaris and Tetracystis sp. at 60–62%, which were the same (P = 0.405). Similarly, DPD was highest (P < 0.001) and the same (P = 1.000) for C. vulgaris and M. reisseri both at 69%; which were higher (P < 0.001) than N. bacillaris and Tetracystis sp. at 58–62%, which were the same (P = 0.083). GPDProtein was highest (P < 0.001) and the same (P = 0.944) for M. reisseri and C. vulgaris at 79–80%, lowest (P < 0.001) for N. bacillaris at 50% and intermediate for Tetracystis sp. at 55%. GPDEnergy was highest (P < 0.001) for C. vulgaris at 69%, followed by M. reisseri at 61%, Tetracystis sp. at 48% and lowest (P = 0.006) for N. bacillaris at 45%. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) of a ruminant control diet was 45% and not significantly affected (P ≥ 0.071) by dietary algal supplementation with an average OMD of 36% when incorporated at 50% forage replacement (equivalent to 25–43% of the diet); except Tetracystis sp. LEB which decreased (P = 0.020) OMD to 28%. Dietary inclusion of all biomass at 100% forage replacement (equivalent to 51–85% of the diet) decreased (P ≤ 0.026) OMD to an average of 28%; except M. reisseri LEB which did not significantly affect (P = 0.921) OMD at 41%. Apparent metabolizable energy (aME) content of the control diet was 3.7 MJ kg− 1 and was not affected (P ≥ 0.179) by algal supplementation at an average of 3.1 MJ kg− 1, although a general trend of decreased aME with increased dietary levels was noted. Methane production from 48 h in vitro fermentation of diets with varying levels of WAB was 2.8–3.3 mol− 10 and was the same (P ≥ 0.429) as the control diet at 2.9 mol− 10. However, LEB at all levels decreased (P < 0.001) methane production by about 50% to 0.9–1.2 mol− 10, which suggests the potential for abating enteric methane emissions from ruminants by feeding microalgae, unrelated to its lipid content. DA - 2016/02/05 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : bced7503-7e47-4b06-8011-600c65ad0b5e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Purification of a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged glucosyltransferase using immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-3393-8_9 AU - De Costa, Fernanda AU - Barber, Carla J. S. AU - Pujara, Pareshkumar T. AU - Reed, Darwin W. AU - Covello, Patrick S. AU - Arthur Germano, Fett-Neto T2 - Biotechnology of Plant Secondary Metabolism: Methods and Protocols T2 - Methods in Molecular Biology; no. 1405 SN - 1064-3745 SN - 978-1-4939-3391-4 SN - 978-1-4939-3393-8 SP - 91 EP - 07 KW - IMAC; His-tagged protein; Glucosyltransferase; Recombinant; Purification AB - Short peptide tags genetically fused to recombinant proteins have been widely used to facilitate detection or purification without the need to develop specific procedures. In general, an ideal affinity tag would allow the efficient purification of tagged proteins in high yield, without affecting its function. Here, we describe the purification steps to purify a recombinant polyhistidine-tagged glucosyltransferase from Centella asiatica using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. DA - 2016/02/04 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5b0c1e70-e25c-4cb5-9cc9-1a18db65e5e5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - From plant extract to a cDNA encoding a glucosyltransferase candidate: proteomics and transcriptomics as tools to help elucidate saponin biosynthesis in Centella asiatica DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-3393-8_5 AU - de Costa, Fernanda AU - Barber, Carla J. S. AU - Reed, Darwin W. AU - Covello, Patrick S. AU - Arthur Germano, Fett-Neto T2 - Biotechnology of Plant Secondary Metabolism: Methods and Protocols T2 - Methods in Molecular Biology; no. 1405 SN - 1064-3745 SN - 978-1-4939-3391-4 SN - 978-1-4939-3393-8 SP - 43 EP - 48 KW - Centella asiatica; Saponin; Glucosyltransferase; Proteomics; Transcriptomics AB - Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Apiaceae), a small annual plant that grows in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and other parts of Asia, is well-known as a medicinal herb with a long history of therapeutic uses. The bioactive compounds present in C. asiatica leaves include ursane-type triterpene sapogenins and saponins—asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside, and madecassoside. Various bioactivities have been shown for these compounds, although most of the steps in the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins, including glycosylation, remain uncharacterized at the molecular level. This chapter describes an approach that integrates partial enzyme purification, proteomics methods, and transcriptomics, with the aim of reducing the number of cDNA candidates encoding for a glucosyltransferase involved in saponin biosynthesis and facilitating the elucidation of the pathway in this medicinal plant. DA - 2016/02/04 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 12534258-62d1-47f6-83e0-788f697db68e ER - TY - ABST TI - ChemInform Abstract : Application of wastewater and biosolids in soil : occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants DO - 10.1002/chin.201628296 AU - Mohapatra, D. P. AU - Cledon, M. AU - Brar, S. K. AU - Surampalli, R. Y. SN - 0931-7597 VL - 47 IS - 28 KW - applied chemistry; review;environmental protection; waste gas purification; waste water purification DA - 2016/06/23 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1c62259e-5d53-4ae5-b0af-93e5c55c7947 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A genetic algorithm optimization method for a morphing wing tip demonstrator validated using infra red experimental data DO - 10.2514/6.2016-4037 AU - Koreanschi, Andreea AU - Oliviu, Sugar Gabor AU - Acotto, Joran AU - Botez, Ruxandra M. AU - Mamou, Mahmoud AU - Mebarki, Youssef T2 - 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference T3 - 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, June 13-17, 2016, Washington, D.C. SN - 978-1-62410-437-4 AB - In the present paper an ‘in-house’ genetic algorithm is described and applied to an optimization problem of improving the aerodynamic performances of an airfoil through upper surface morphing. The results of the optimization of the flow behavior for the airfoil morphing upper-surface problem are validated with experimental transition results obtained with Infra-red Thermography for the CRIAQ MDO 505 wing tip demonstrator, proving that the 2D numerical optimization using the ‘in-house’ genetic algorithm is an important tool in improving various aspects of a wing’s performances DA - 2016/06/13 PY - 2016 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics CY - Reston, Virginia LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : dde71a65-95c5-4a04-af2f-7d2b47a44a6e ER - TY - CHAP TI - Analysis of genotyping-by-sequencing (Gbs) data DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-3167-5_15 AU - Kagale, Sateesh AU - Koh, Chushin AU - Clarke, Wayne E. AU - Bollina, Venkatesh AU - Parkin, Isobel A. P. AU - Sharpe, Andrew G. T2 - Plant Bioinformatics T2 - Methods in Molecular Biology; no. 1374 SN - 1064-3745 SN - 978-1-4939-3166-8 SN - 978-1-4939-3167-5 SP - 269 EP - 284 KW - Bowtie; Demultiplexing, Read map ping; GATK; GBS; Genetic variation; Genotyping; Genotyping -by-sequencing; Haplotype; HaplotypeCaller; Imputation; InDels; Minor allele frequency; Next generation sequencing; RAD-seq; Reduced representation sequencing; SAMtools; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Trimmomatic; UnifiedGenotyper AB - The development of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to rapidly detect nucleotide variation at the whole genome level, in many individuals simultaneously, has provided a transformative genetic profiling technique. GBS can be carried out in species with or without reference genome sequences yields huge amounts of potentially informative data. One limitation with the approach is the paucity of tools to transform the raw data into a format that can be easily interrogated at the genetic level. In this chapter we describe bioinformatics tools developed to address this shortfall together with experimental design considerations to fully leverage the power of GBS for genetic analysis. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2ebe20b9-f190-4f15-a0a5-a8789df676f1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Editorial : Special Issue on “International Conference on Electrochemical Energy Science and Technology (EEST2015), August 16–22, 2015, Vancouver, Canada” DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.148 AU - Sun, Shuhui AU - Qiao, Jinli AU - Hu, Wenbin AU - Wilkinson, David P. AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - Applied Energy T3 - Second International Conference on Electrochemical Energy Science and Technology (EEST2015), August 16–22, 2015, Vancouver, Canada SN - 0306-2619 VL - 175 SP - 403 EP - 404 AB - The depletion of fossil fuel, low utilization efficiency of energy, and their associated environmental pollution have caused serious challenges to humanity and sustainable living. To overcome these challenges, major efforts have been directed to explore clean and sustainable energy technologies and increase energy efficiency. DA - 2016/06/06 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7cb257b8-d406-4e85-ac4b-87146feab2ee ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal variations of a saxitoxin analogue (LWTX-1) in Lyngbya wollei (Cyanobacteria) mats in the St. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada) DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2016.06.001 AU - Hudon, C. AU - Gagnon, P. AU - Poirier larabie, S. AU - Gagnon, C. AU - Lajeunesse, A. AU - Lachapelle, M. AU - Quilliam, M. A. T2 - Harmful Algae SN - 1568-9883 VL - 57 SP - 69 EP - 77 KW - Benthic cyanobacterial mats; Cyanotoxins; PSP toxins; Lyngbya wollei; Fluvial lakes; St. Lawrence River AB - The concentration of the saxitoxin analogue LWTX-1 was quantified in samples of the benthic filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont) Speziale and Dyck collected in two fluvial lakes of the St. Lawrence River (Canada) over the 2006–2013 period. The study was aimed at documenting the spatial (between fluvial lakes, between sites within each lake) and temporal (interannual, monthly) variations of toxin concentration in relation with hydrological (water level), physical (water temperature, conductivity, transparency), chemical (nutrients in overlying water) and biological (L. wollei biomass and mat condition) characteristics. Toxin concentration was hypothesized to vary seasonally with biomass accumulation and environmental conditions. Toxin concentrations measured in Lake Saint-Louis (51 +/- 40 mg LWTX-1 g-1 DM, N = 29 days in 2007, 2009–2011) were double those in Lake Saint-Pierre (25 +/- 31 mg LWTX-1 g-1 DM, N = 26 days in 2006–2008, 2012–2013); however, August 2007 measurements taken from both lakes did not differ significantly. Ten of the twelve highest values (>100 mg LWTX-1 g-1 DM) were obtained from Lake Saint-Louis, between April and October in 2007, 2010 or 2011. Under ice samples showed intermediate concentrations of LWTX-1 (42 +/- 9 mg LWTX-1 g-1 DM, N = 2). Concentrations of LWTX-1 were positively correlated with Secchi depth (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), L. wollei biomass (Spearman r = 0.31, p < 0.01) and %N in filaments (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), suggesting toxin production was linked to mat growth and metabolism rather than water quality. Although LWTX-1 has been reported to have a low toxicity, monitoring of L. wollei abundance is required to assess the environmental and human health risks posed by this taxon in the St. Lawrence - Great Lakes system. DA - 2016/06/22 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 83a31482-4ad1-4f53-8e29-4f7321ef0b3c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic variations in ABCA7 can increase secreted levels of amyloid-β40 and amyloid-β42 peptides and ABCA7 transcription in cell culture models DO - 10.3233/JAD-150965 AU - Bamji-Mirza, Michelle AU - Li, Yan AU - Najem, Dema AU - Liu, Qing Yan AU - Walker, Douglas AU - Lue, Lih-Fen AU - Stupak, Jacek AU - Chan, Kenneth AU - Li, Jianjun AU - Ghani, Mahdi AU - Yang, Ze AU - Rogaeva, Ekaterina AU - Zhang, Wandong T2 - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease SN - 13872877 SN - 18758908 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 875 EP - 892 KW - ABC transporters; ABCA7 protein; Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid beta-peptides; BACE1 protein; genome-wide association study; myristoylation; SNPs AB - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. ABCA7 is highly expressed in the brain and a susceptibility gene for late-onset AD (LOAD). The minor alleles at two ABCA7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs3764650 (T>G; intron13) and rs3752246 at a predicted myristoylation site (C>G; exon33; p.Gly1527Ala), are significantly associated with LOAD risk; however, the mechanism of this association is unknown. Functional consequences of both SNPs were examined in HEK293 and CHO cells stably expressing AβPP Swe. Luciferase reporter assays in HEK293 cells suggested that intron13 carrying rs3764650 major T-allele (int13-T) possessed promoter-enhancing capabilities. Co-transfection experiments with hABCA7 and int13-T resulted in significantly increased ABCA7 protein level relative to that with int13-G. Expression of hABCA7 carrying rs3752246 risk allele led to increases in secreted Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 and β-secretase activity in CHO- and HEK-AβPP Swe cells. Hydroxymyristic acid treatment of cells expressing hABCA7 carrying the rs3752246 major G allele resulted in increased β-secretase activity and levels of Aβ, suggesting that lack of myristoylation contributes to the observed cell-phenotypes. Molecular weight determination, by gel-electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, of hABCA7 peptides spanning position 1527 showed loss of post-translational modification in the risk-allele peptide. These results suggest that decreased expression, or impaired function, of ABCA7 may contribute to AD pathology. DA - 2016/08/03 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 389afbc5-5668-4e87-8d22-2ecd66646cf1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proteomic differences in brain vessels of Alzheimer’s disease mice : normalization by PPARγ agonist pioglitazone DO - 10.1177/0271678X16655172 AU - Badhwar, Amanpreet AU - Brown, Rebecca AU - Stanimirovic, Danica B. AU - Haqqani, Arsalan S. AU - Hamel, Edith T2 - Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism SN - 0271-678X SN - 1559-7016 SP - 1 EP - 17 KW - Amyloid peptide; cerebral artery; oxidative stress; proliferator-activated receptor gamma; vascular biomarkers AB - Cerebrovascular insufficiency appears years prior to clinical symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease. The soluble, highly toxic amyloid-β species, generated from the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein, are known instigators of the chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency observed in both Alzheimer’s disease patients and transgenic mouse models. We have previously demonstrated that pioglitazone potently reverses cerebrovascular impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease overexpressing amyloid-β. In this study, we sought to characterize the effects of amyloid-β overproduction on the cerebrovascular proteome; determine how pioglitazone treatment affected the altered proteome; and analyze the relationship between normalized protein levels and recovery of cerebrovascular function. Three-month-old wildtype and amyloid precursor protein mice were treated with pioglitazone- (20 mg/kg/day, 14 weeks) or control-diet. Cerebral arteries were surgically isolated, and extracted proteins analyzed by gel-free and gel-based mass spectrometry. 193 cerebrovascular proteins were abnormally expressed in amyloid precursor protein mice. Pioglitazone treatment rescued a third of these proteins, mainly those associated with oxidative stress, promotion of cerebrovascular vasocontractile tone, and vascular compliance. Our results demonstrate that amyloid-β overproduction perturbs the cerebrovascular proteome. Recovery of cerebrovascular function with pioglitazone is associated with normalized levels of key proteins in brain vessel function, suggesting that pioglitazone-responsive cerebrovascular proteins could be early biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. DA - 2016/06/23 PY - 2016 LA - eng N1 - yes C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 71d738d5-c813-45cd-a157-dd851d4d9558 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analytical electron microscopy of carbon-rich mineral aggregates in solvent-diluted bitumen products from mined Alberta oil sands DO - 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00708 AU - Couillard, Martin AU - Mercier, Patrick H. J. T2 - Energy & Fuels SN - 0887-0624 SN - 1520-5029 VL - 30 IS - 7 SP - 5513 EP - 5524 AB - Contaminant solids in solvent-diluted bitumen product obtained by solvent extraction and solids agglomeration (SESA) of Alberta oil sands are characterized using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). In particular, the distribution of carbon present in these contaminant solids is determined from spatially resolved spectroscopy. Three distinct types of carbon-rich particles are identified and consist of carbonate minerals, micrometer-sized particles of toluene-insoluble organic carbon, and clay aggregates containing toluene-insoluble organic carbon. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) maps confirm the presence of carbonates, in addition to other minerals, whose abundances are determined by a recently developed quantitative phase analysis methodology. Carbonaceous micrometer-sized particles with detectable amounts of oxygen and sulfur also appear in the elemental maps and suggest the presence of bitumen-unrelated organic materials. Finally, EDX maps also suggest an intricate sub-micrometer association of carbon with clay minerals. To map the distribution of light elements and transition metals in these clay aggregates, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis has been carried out at the nanometer scale. In addition to carbon-rich regions, sub-10-nm titanium and iron oxide particles are often found dispersed on the clay surfaces. By observing clay platelets in orientations both parallel and perpendicular to the electron beam, EELS maps confirm that the carbon is present on the surface of the clays, rather than intercalated between individual clay mineral layers within the crystal structure. Furthermore, the organic coating is not uniform, displaying carbon-rich features with dimension on the order of a few nanometers, while leaving some regions of the clay mineral surface exposed. Partial nanometer-scale organic coverage has been proposed to result in a biwettable character for clay platelets that will influence the bitumen extraction process, and such coverage has been shown here directly for the first time using spatially resolved spectroscopic microscopy observations. DA - 2016/06/02 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f58fe631-e095-4385-a137-d555a1f0972d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Noise reductions in the NRC watt balance DO - 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540538 AU - Wood, B. M. AU - Sanchez, C. A. T2 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016) T3 - 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), July 10-15, 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 978-1-4673-9134-4 AB - After publication in 2014 of a Planck constant determination with low uncertainty, various modifications have been made to the NRC watt balance to lower type A and B uncertainty components. This paper lists the significant changes and in particular, details the reduction of the largest type A component by almost an order of magnitude. The impact of this reduction is then described with our first clear observation of the changes in the environmental magnetic flux density using the watt balance. DA - 2016/07 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 67223494-8a8d-490a-baf8-82ae077dbac6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A high-density SNP genotyping array for Brassica napus and its ancestral diploid species based on optimised selection of single-locus markers in the allotetraploid genome DO - 10.1007/s00122-016-2746-7 AU - Clarke, Wayne E. AU - Higgins, Erin E. AU - Plieske, Joerg AU - Wieseke, Ralf AU - Sidebottom, Christine AU - Khedikar, Yogendra AU - Batley, Jacqueline AU - Edwards, Dave AU - Meng, Jinling AU - Li, Ruiyuan AU - Lawley, Cynthia Taylor AU - Pauquet, Jérôme AU - Laga, Benjamin AU - Cheung, Wing AU - Iniguez-Luy, Federico AU - Dyrszka, Emmanuelle AU - Rae, Stephen AU - Stich, Benjamin AU - Snowdon, Rod J. AU - Sharpe, Andrew G. AU - Ganal, Martin W. AU - Parkin, Isobel A. P. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics SN - 0040-5752 SN - 1432-2242 AB - A high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Illumina Infinium array, containing 52,157 markers, was developed for the allotetraploid Brassica napus. A stringent selection process employing the short probe sequence for each SNP assay was used to limit the majority of the selected markers to those represented a minimum number of times across the highly replicated genome. As a result approximately 60 % of the SNP assays display genome-specificity, resolving as three clearly separated clusters (AA, AB, and BB) when tested with a diverse range of B. napus material. This genome specificity was supported by the analysis of the diploid ancestors of B. napus, whereby 26,504 and 29,720 markers were scorable in B. oleracea and B. rapa, respectively. Forty-four percent of the assayed loci on the array were genetically mapped in a single doubled-haploid B. napus population allowing alignment of their physical and genetic coordinates. Although strong conservation of the two positions was shown, at least 3 % of the loci were genetically mapped to a homoeologous position compared to their presumed physical position in the respective genome, underlying the importance of genetic corroboration of locus identity. In addition, the alignments identified multiple rearrangements between the diploid and tetraploid Brassica genomes. Although mostly attributed to genome assembly errors, some are likely evidence of rearrangements that occurred since the hybridisation of the progenitor genomes in the B. napus nucleus. Based on estimates for linkage disequilibrium decay, the array is a valuable tool for genetic fine mapping and genome-wide association studies in B. napus and its progenitor genomes. DA - 2016/06/30 PY - 2016 LA - eng N1 - yes C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f3b77185-97a7-421b-baf4-0785102d5033 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CoFlame : a refined and validated numerical algorithm for modeling sooting laminar coflow diffusion flames DO - 10.1016/j.cpc.2016.06.016 AU - Eaves, Nick A. AU - Zhang, Qingan AU - Liu, Fengshan AU - Guo, Hongsheng AU - Dworkin, Seth B. AU - Thomson, Murray J. T2 - Computer Physics Communications SN - 0010-4655 KW - Laminar diffusion flame; Soot model; Ethylene; Methane AB - Mitigation of soot emissions from combustion devices is a global concern. For example, recent EURO 6 regulations for vehicles have placed stringent limits on soot emissions. In order to allow design engineers to achieve the goal of reduced soot emissions, they must have the tools to so. Due to the complex nature of soot formation, which includes growth and oxidation, detailed numerical models are required to gain fundamental insights into the mechanisms of soot formation. A detailed description of the CoFlame FORTRAN code which models sooting laminar coflow diffusion flames is given. The code solves axial and radial velocity, temperature, species conservation, and soot aggregate and primary particle number density equations. The sectional particle dynamics model includes nucleation, PAH condensation and HACA surface growth, surface oxidation, coagulation, fragmentation, particle diffusion, and thermophoresis. The code utilizes a distributed memory parallelization scheme with strip-domain decomposition. The public release of the CoFlame code, which has been refined in terms of coding structure, to the research community accompanies this paper. CoFlame is validated against experimental data for reattachment length in an axi-symmetric pipe with a sudden expansion, and ethylene–air and methane–air diffusion flames for multiple soot morphological parameters and gas-phase species. Finally, the parallel performance and computational costs of the code is investigated. DA - 2016/06/21 PY - 2016 LA - eng N1 - yes C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 272e70ef-192e-4b81-9295-b45cffb073d5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Roadmap on silicon photonics DO - 10.1088/2040-8978/18/7/073003 AU - Thomson, David AU - Zilkie, Aaron AU - Bowers, John E. AU - Komljenovic, Tin AU - Reed, Graham T. AU - Vivien, Laurent AU - Marris-Morini, Delphine AU - Cassan, Eric AU - Virot, Léopold AU - Fédéli, Jean-Marc AU - Hartmann, Jean-Michel AU - Schmid, Jens H. AU - Xu, Dan-Xia AU - Boeuf, Frédéric AU - O’Brien, Peter AU - Mashanovich, Goran Z. AU - Nedeljkovic, M. T2 - Journal of Optics SN - 2040-8978 SN - 2040-8986 VL - 18 IS - 7 SP - 073003 - 1 EP - 073003 - 20 KW - silicon photonics; optical communication; integrated optics; silicon technology AB - Silicon photonics research can be dated back to the 1980s. However, the previous decade has witnessed an explosive growth in the field. Silicon photonics is a disruptive technology that is poised to revolutionize a number of application areas, for example, data centers, high-performance computing and sensing. The key driving force behind silicon photonics is the ability to use CMOS-like fabrication resulting in high-volume production at low cost. This is a key enabling factor for bringing photonics to a range of technology areas where the costs of implementation using traditional photonic elements such as those used for the telecommunications industry would be prohibitive. Silicon does however have a number of shortcomings as a photonic material. In its basic form it is not an ideal material in which to produce light sources, optical modulators or photodetectors for example. A wealth of research effort from both academia and industry in recent years has fueled the demonstration of multiple solutions to these and other problems, and as time progresses new approaches are increasingly being conceived. It is clear that silicon photonics has a bright future. However, with a growing number of approaches available, what will the silicon photonic integrated circuit of the future look like? This roadmap on silicon photonics delves into the different technology and application areas of the field giving an insight into the state-of-the-art as well as current and future challenges faced by researchers worldwide. Contributions authored by experts from both industry and academia provide an overview and outlook for the silicon waveguide platform, optical sources, optical modulators, photodetectors, integration approaches, packaging, applications of silicon photonics and approaches required to satisfy applications at mid-infrared wavelengths. Advances in science and technology required to meet challenges faced by the field in each of these areas are also addressed together with predictions of where the field is destined to reach. DA - 2016/06/26 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c25fd38d-b13c-4225-b687-5ddefecb89ab ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlating cellulose nanocrystal particle size and surface area DO - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01376 AU - Brinkmann, Andreas AU - Chen, Maohui AU - Couillard, Martin AU - Jakubek, Zygmunt J. AU - Leng, Tianyang AU - Johnston, Linda J. T2 - Langmuir SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 32 IS - 24 SP - 6105 EP - 6114 AB - Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are negatively charged nanorods that present challenges for characterization of particle size distribution and surface area—two of the common parameters for characterizing nanomaterials. CNC size distributions have been measured by two microscopy methods: atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The agreement between the two methods is good for length measurements, after taking into consideration tip-convolution effects for AFM. However, TEM widths are almost twice as large as AFM heights—an effect that we hypothesize is due to counting of a larger fraction of laterally associated CNCs in the TEM images. Overall, the difficulty of selecting individual particles for analysis and possible bias due to selection of a specific particle size during sample deposition are the main limitations associated with the microscopy measurements. The microscopy results were compared to Z-average data from dynamic light scattering, which is a useful method for routine analysis and for examining trends in size as a function of sample treatment. Measurements as a function of sonication energy were used to provide information on the presence of aggregates in the sample. Magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR was employed to estimate the surface area of CNCs based on the ratio of integrated spectral intensities of resonances stemming from C4 sites at the crystallite surfaces and from all C4 sites. Our approach was adapted from the application of solid-state NMR to characterize larger cellulose microfibers and appears to provide a useful estimate that overcomes the limitations of using the BET method for measuring surface areas of highly aggregated nanomaterials. The solid-state NMR results show that the lateral dimension of the CNCs is consistent with that of elementary cellulose crystallites. DA - 2016/05/26 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : df1fceea-c08d-4b99-8897-d9370e2db3c7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing machine learning-based models to estimate time to failure for PHM DO - 10.1109/ICPHM.2016.7542876 AU - Yang, Chunsheng AU - Ito, Takayuki AU - Yang, Yubin AU - Liu, Jie T2 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management (ICPHM) T3 - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management (ICPHM), June 20-22, 2016, Ottawa, ON, Canada SN - 978-1-5090-0382-2 SP - 1 EP - 6 AB - The core of PHM (Prognostic and Health Monitoring) technology is prognostics which is able to estimate time to failure (TTF) for the monitored components or systems using the built-in predictive models. However the development of predictive models for TTF estimation remains a challenge. To address this issue, we proposed to develop machine learning-based models for TTF estimation by using the techniques from machine learning and data mining. In the past decade, we have been working on the development of machine learning-based models for estimating TTF and applied the developed technology to various real-world applications such as train wheel prognostics, and aircraft engine prognostics. In this paper, we report two kinds of machine learning-based models for estimating TTF, including multistage classification, on-demand regression. The multistage classification improves the TTF estimation over one stage classification by dividing the time window into more small narrow time windows. A case study, APU prognostics, demonstrates the usefulness of the developed methods. The results from the case study show that the machine learning-based modeling method is an effective and feasible way to develop predictive models to estimate TTF for PHM. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 73ddf38f-568a-4745-87f4-d7094aeb8ef4 ER - TY - GEN TI - Retention time indexing in RP-LC-MS based metabolomics for enhancing metabolite identification. A cross-lab trial AU - Witting, Michael AU - Sillner, Nina AU - Spaggiari, Dany AU - Rudaz, Serge AU - Lintelmann, Jutta AU - Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter AU - Begou, Olga AU - Theodoridis, Georgios AU - Gika, Helen AU - Schmitt-Kopplin, Ph. AU - Quilliam, Michael Arthur T3 - 12th Annual Conference of the Metabolomics Society, June 27-30, 2016, Dublin, Ireland AB - Metabolite identification is still the major bottleneck in non-targeted metabolomics. Different levels of identifications have been proposed by the Metabolomics Society Identification Task group (Sumner et al 2007, plus paper with refined levels). The highest level of identification can be only achieved by comparison with an authentic standard using two independent properties such as retention times and MS/MS spectra. Having reference standards for all possible metabolites in a single laboratory is nearly impossible and not feasible. Several public repositories storing MS/MS spectra have been created, also covering various instrumentations including MS analyzers (e.g., Q-ToF, IT or ICR) (MassBank, Metlin etc.). MS/MS spectra represent only one part of an accurate identification and can be ambiguous in case of isomeric compounds, wrong collision energy queries, etc. Retention times could provide valuable information in LC-MS based metabolomics but are comparable only over a certain range. Even when using the same column and mobile phase chemistries and column dimensions, retention times can vary between labs due to different LC instrumentation. The concept of retention time indexing (RTI), already widely used in GC-MS, can help simplify the process by converting retention times to the dimensionless retention index, which is only dependent on stationary phase chemistry and mobile phase composition. Here we present our first preliminary results from a ring-trial using a novel RTI system based on a homologous series of substances purposely designed for LC-MS and several metabolite standards measured in 5 different laboratories using different LC-MS systems. DA - 2016/06/30 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2913608d-4bed-4d2f-a9e2-4330e343162d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of natural toxins by liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence nitrogen detection and application to the preparation of Certified Reference Materials DO - 10.5740/jaoacint.16-0146 AU - Thomas, Krista AU - Wechsler, Dominik AU - Chen, Yi-Min AU - Crain, Sheila AU - Quilliam, Michael A. T2 - Journal of AOAC International SN - 1060-3271 VL - 99 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 12 AB - The implementation of instrumental analytical methods such as LC-MS for routine monitoring of toxins requires the availability of accurate calibration standards. This is a challenge because many toxins are rare, expensive, dangerous to handle, and/or unstable, and simple gravimetric procedures are not reliable for establishing accurate concentrations in solution. NMR has served as one method of qualitative and quantitative characterization of toxin calibration solution Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). LC with chemiluminescence N detection (LC-CLND) was selected as a complementary method for comprehensive characterization of CRMs because it provides a molar response to N. Here we report on our investigation of LC-CLND as a method suitable for quantitative analysis of nitrogenous toxins. It was demonstrated that a wide range of toxins could be analyzed quantitatively by LC-CLND. Furthermore, equimolar responses among diverse structures were established and it was shown that a single high-purity standard such as caffeine could be used for instrument calibration. The limit of detection was approximately 0.6 ng N. Measurement of several of Canada’s National Research Council toxin CRMs with caffeine as the calibrant showed precision averaging 2% RSD and accuracy ranging from 97 to 102%. Application of LC-CLND to the production of calibration solution CRMs and the establishment of traceability of measurement results are presented. DA - 2016/08/12 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 085fd077-3d16-4c47-ad6c-573870d1b970 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Machine learning-based methods for TTF estimation with application to APU prognostics DO - 10.1007/s10489-016-0829-4 AU - Yang, Chunsheng AU - Letourneau, Sylvain AU - Liu, Jie AU - Cheng, Qiangqiang AU - Yang, Yubin T2 - Applied Intelligence SN - 0924-669X SN - 1573-7497 SP - 1 EP - 13 KW - Machine learning; Prognostics and health management; Classification; Clustering; Regression; Support vector machines (SVMs) AB - Machine learning-based predictive modeling is to develop machine learning-based or data-driven models to predict failures before they occur and estimate the remaining useful life or time to failure (TTF) accurately. Accurate TTF estimation plays a vital role in predictive maintenance or PHM (Prognostic and Health Management). Despite the availability of large amounts of data and a variety of powerful data analysis methods, predictive models developed for PHM still fail to provide accurate and precise TTF estimations. This paper addresses this problem by integrating machine learning algorithms such as classification, regression and clustering. A classification system is used to determine the likelihood of component failures such that rough indications of TTF are provided. Clustering and SVM-based local regression are then introduced to refine the time to failure estimations provided by the classification system. The paper illustrates the applicability of the proposed approach through a real world aerospace application with details on data pre-processing requirements. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce uncertainty in estimating time to failure, which in turn helps augment the usefulness of predictive maintenance. DA - 2016/08/16 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : eab141f5-639f-4899-a61d-51e478e9df0e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermal conductivity of bulk boron nitride nanotube sheets and their epoxy-impregnated composites DO - 10.1002/pssa.201533010 AU - Jakubinek, Michael B. AU - Niven, John F. AU - Johnson, Michel B. AU - Ashrafi, Benham AU - Kim, Keun Su AU - Simard, Benoit AU - White, Mary Anne T2 - Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials SN - 1862-6300 SN - 1862-6319 VL - 213 IS - 8 SP - 2237 EP - 2242 AB - The thermal conductivity of bulk, self-supporting boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) sheets composed of nominally 100% BNNTs oriented randomly in-plane was measured by a steady-state, parallel thermal conductance method. The sheets were either collected directly during synthesis or produced by dispersion and filtration. Differences between the effective thermal conductivities of filtration-produced BNNT buckypaper (∼1.5 W m−1 K−1) and lower-density as-synthesized sheets (∼0.75 W m−1 K−1), which are both porous materials, were primarily due to their density. The measured results indicate similar thermal conductivity, in the range of 7–12 W m−1 K−1, for the BNNT network in these sheets. High BNNT-content composites (∼30 wt.% BNNTs) produced by epoxy impregnation of the porous BNNT network gave 2–3 W m−1 K−1, more than 10× the baseline epoxy. The combination of manufacturability, thermal conductivity, and electrical insulation offers exciting potential for electrically insulating, thermally conductive coatings and packaging. Thermal conductivity of free-standing BNNT buckypaper, buckypaper composites, and related materials at room temperature. DA - 2016/03/10 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 01e4ef00-e2d0-4de6-aa56-efc8eba12c43 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extremely low noise UHF-band amplifiers for square kilometer array DO - 10.1117/12.2232154 AU - Jiang, Nianhau AU - Garcia, Dominic AU - Niranjanan, Pat AU - Halman, Mark AU - Wevers, Ivan T2 - Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII T2 - Proceedings of SPIE; no. 9914 T3 - Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, 28 June - 1 July 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom SP - 991420-3 KW - Low noise amplifier; cryogenic LNA; radio telescope receiver; square kilometer array; InP HEMT; UHF band LNA; hybrid microwave integrated circuit; MeerKAT AB - This paper demonstrates two designs of extremely low noise amplifiers in the low frequency range of 350 MHz to 1070 MHz. Hybrid microwave integrated circuit is adapted for a low noise design at this low frequency range. Discrete passive components with high-Q and large values are selected to integrate with the best low noise transistors to optimize the LNA performance. The first UHF band cryogenic LNA was designed with InP HEMTs in all three stages for Square Kilometer Array - mid telescope band-1 receiver. This LNA extended the low end frequency to 350 MHz, and achieved averaging 1.4 Kelvin of a record low noise temperature, more than 47 dB gain, and good input and output return losses < -10 dB over the broad bandwidth from 350 to 1050 MHz at 15 K. The second UHF band cryogenic LNA was developed for MeerKAT Array, a precursor of Square Kilometer Array. This LNA was designed with InP HEMT transistor at first stage to achieve best low noise performance and GaAs HEMTs for second and third stages to replace InP HEMTs and realize high gain and good amplitude stability at cryogenic temperature. The second LNA achieved a record low noise temperature of averaging 0.6 Kelvin, more than 45 dB gain, and good input and output return losses ≤ -12 dB over the wide bandwidth from 580 to 1070 MHz at 15 K. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - SPIE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5104483b-ca3a-432e-a98b-c3aec5cd2d57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CryoPAF4: a cryogenic phased array feed design DO - 10.1117/12.2232190 AU - Locke, Lisa AU - Garcia, Dominic AU - Halman, Mark AU - Henke, Doug AU - Hovey, Gary AU - Jiang, Nianhua AU - Knee, Lewis AU - Lacy, Gordon AU - Loop, David AU - Rupen, Michael AU - Veidt, Bruce AU - Wierzbicki, Ramunas T2 - Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII T2 - Proceedings of SPIE; no. 9914 T3 - Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, 28 June - 1 July 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom SP - 99141P-1 AB - Phased array feed (PAF) receivers used on radio astronomy telescopes offer the promise of increased fields of view while maintaining the superlative performance attained with traditional single pixel feeds (SPFs). However, the much higher noise temperatures of room temperature PAFs compared to cryogenically-cooled SPFs have prevented their general adoption. Here we describe a conceptual design for a cryogenically cooled 2.8 – 5.18 GHz dual linear polarization PAF with estimated receiver temperature of 11 K. The cryogenic PAF receiver will comprise a 140 element Vivaldi antenna array and low-noise amplifiers housed in a 480 mm diameter cylindrical dewar covered with a RF transparent radome. A broadband two-section coaxial feed is integrated within each metal antenna element to withstand the cryogenic environment and to provide a 50 ohm impedance for connection to the rest of the receiver. The planned digital beamformer performs digitization, frequency band selection, beam forming and array covariance matrix calibration. Coupling to a 15 m offset Gregorian dual-reflector telescope, cryoPAF4 can expect to form 18 overlapping beams increasing the field of view by a factor of ~8x compared to a single pixel receiver of equal system temperature. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - SPIE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a6f40199-4dc4-4ea8-99d9-597747de301e ER - TY - JOUR TI - An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection DO - 10.2147/CEG.S84017 AU - Hussack, Greg AU - Tanha, Jamshid T2 - Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology SN - 1178-7023 SN - 1178-7023 VL - 9 SP - 209 EP - 224 KW - antibody; Clostridium difficile; immunotherapy; toxin AB - Clostridium difficile continues to be one of the most prevalent hospital-acquired bacterial infections in the developed world, despite the recent introduction of a novel and effective antibiotic agent (fidaxomicin). Alternative approaches under investigation to combat the anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria include fecal transplantation therapy, vaccines, and antibody-based immunotherapies. In this review, we catalog the recent advances in antibody-based approaches under development and in the clinic for the treatment of C. difficile infection. By and large, inhibitory antibodies that recognize the primary C. difficile virulence factors, toxin A and toxin B, are the most popular passive immunotherapies under investigation. We provide a detailed summary of the toxin epitopes recognized by various antitoxin antibodies and discuss general trends on toxin inhibition efficacy. In addition, antibodies to other C. difficile targets, such as surface-layer proteins, binary toxin, motility factors, and adherence and colonization factors, are introduced in this review. DA - 2016/08/01 PY - 2016 PB - Dove Medical Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : cb331245-37fb-4216-864c-5b5e832a8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determination of chemical purity and isotopic composition of natural and carbon-13-labeled arsenobetaine bromide standards by quantitative 1H-NMR DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-9827-y AU - Le, Phuong-Mai AU - Ding, Jianfu AU - Leek, Donald M. AU - Mester, Zoltan AU - Robertson, Gilles AU - Windust, Anthony AU - Meija, Juris T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 49 IS - 8 SP - 681 EP - 691 KW - Isotope ratio measurements; Arsenobetaine; Standard; Certified reference material AB - In this study, we report the characterization of three arsenobetaine-certified reference materials by quantitative NMR. We have synthesized an arsenobetaine bromide high-purity standard of natural isotopic composition (ABET-1) and two carbon-13-labeled isotopic standards (BBET-1 and CBET-1). Assignments of the chemical purity and isotopic composition are not trivial in the case of arsenobetaine, and in this study we utilized quantitative 1H-NMR techniques for the determination of the mass fractions (chemical purity). The isotopic purity of all three standards was also assessed by NMR from the carbon-13 satellite signals. The standards are non-hygroscopic, highpurity (ca. 0.99 g/g), and the carbon-13 enrichment for both isotopic standards is x(13C) ≈ 0.99. These standards are designed for use as primary calibrators for mass spectrometric determination of arsenobetaine in environmental samples. DA - 2016/08/11 PY - 2016 PB - Springer Verlag LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8cfca93b-ee4b-4828-8933-b2d464f06a9b ER - TY - JOUR TI - BRPF1 is essential for development of fetal hematopoietic stem cells DO - 10.1172/JCI80711 AU - You, Linya AU - Li, Lin AU - Zou, Jinfeng AU - Yan, Kezhi AU - Belle, Jad AU - Nijnik, Anastasia AU - Wang, Edwin AU - Yang, Xiang-Jiao T2 - Journal of Clinical Investigation SN - 0021-9738 SN - 1558-8238 AB - Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) serve as a life-long reservoir for all blood cell types and are clinically useful for a variety of HSC transplantation-based therapies. Understanding the role of chromatin organization and regulation in HSC homeostasis may provide important insights into HSC development. Bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) is a multivalent chromatin regulator that possesses 4 nucleosome-binding domains and activates 3 lysine acetyltransferases (KAT6A, KAT6B, and KAT7), suggesting that this protein has the potential to stimulate crosstalk between different chromatin modifications. Here, we investigated the function of BRPF1 in hematopoiesis by selectively deleting its gene in murine blood cells. Brpf1-deficient pups experienced early lethality due to acute bone marrow failure and aplastic anemia. The mutant bone marrow and fetal liver exhibited severe deficiency in HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors, along with elevated reactive oxygen species, senescence, and apoptosis. BRPF1 deficiency also reduced the expression of multipotency genes, including Slamf1, Mecom, Hoxa9, Hlf, Gfi1, Egr, and Gata3. Furthermore, BRPF1 was required for acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 23, a highly abundant but not well-characterized epigenetic mark. These results identify an essential role of the multivalent chromatin regulator BRPF1 in definitive hematopoiesis and illuminate a potentially new avenue for studying epigenetic networks that govern HSC ontogeny. DA - 2016/08/8 PY - 2016 PB - American Society for Clinical Investigation LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9cacff12-f201-4009-9908-4fce5f32af9a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exogenous abscisic acid and gibberellic acid elicit opposing effects on Fusarium graminearum infection in wheat DO - 10.1094/PHYTO-01-16-0033-R AU - Buhrow, Leann M. AU - Cram, Dustin AU - Tulpan, Dan AU - Foroud, Nora A. AU - Loewen, Michele C. T2 - Phytopathology SN - 0031-949X SN - 1943-7684 VL - 106 IS - 9 SP - 986 EP - 996 KW - grain yield AB - Although the roles of salicylate (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have been well-characterized in Fusarium head blight (FHB)-infected cereals, the roles of other phytohormones remain more ambiguous. Here, the association between an array of phytohormones and FHB pathogenesis in wheat is investigated. Comprehensive profiling of endogenous hormones demonstrated altered cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), and JA metabolism in a FHB-resistant cultivar, whereas challenge by Fusarium graminearum increased abscisic acid (ABA), JA, and SA in both FHB-susceptible and -resistant cultivars. Subsequent investigation of ABA or GA coapplication with fungal challenge increased and decreased FHB spread, respectively. These phytohormones-induced effects may be attributed to alteration of the F. graminearum transcriptome because ABA promoted expression of early-infection genes, including hydrolases and cytoskeletal reorganization genes, while GA suppressed nitrogen metabolic gene expression. Neither ABA nor GA elicited significant effects on F. graminearum fungal growth or sporulation in axenic conditions, nor do these phytohormones affect trichothecene gene expression, deoxynivalenol mycotoxin accumulation, or SA/JA biosynthesis in F. graminearum-challenged wheat spikes. Finally, the combined application of GA and paclobutrazol, a Fusarium fungicide, provided additive effects on reducing FHB severity, highlighting the potential for combining fungicidal agents with select phytohormone-related treatments for management of FHB infection in wheat. DA - 2016/09 PY - 2016 PB - American Phytopathological Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : de68145c-828a-46f9-816e-aabfeef34c7a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hounsfield unit recovery in clinical cone beam CT images of the thorax acquired for image guided radiation therapy DO - 10.1088/0031-9155/61/15/5781 AU - Thing, Rune Slot AU - Bernchou, Uffe AU - Mainegra-Hing, Ernesto AU - Hansen, Olfred AU - Brink, Carsten T2 - Physics in Medicine and Biology SN - 0031-9155 SN - 1361-6560 VL - 61 SP - 5781 EP - 5802 KW - cone beam CT; image guided radiotherapy; image quality; Monte Carlo AB - A comprehensive artefact correction method for clinical cone beam CT (CBCT) images acquired for image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) on a commercial system is presented. The method is demonstrated to reduce artefacts and recover CT-like Hounsfield units (HU) in reconstructed CBCT images of five lung cancer patients. Projection image based artefact corrections of image lag, detector scatter, body scatter and beam hardening are described and applied to CBCT images of five lung cancer patients. Image quality is evaluated through visual appearance of the reconstructed images, HU-correspondence with the planning CT images, and total volume HU error. Artefacts are reduced and CT-like HUs are recovered in the artefact corrected CBCT images. Visual inspection confirms that artefacts are indeed suppressed by the proposed method, and the HU root mean square difference between reconstructed CBCTs and the reference CT images are reduced by 31% when using the artefact corrections compared to the standard clinical CBCT reconstruction. A versatile artefact correction method for clinical CBCT images acquired for IGRT has been developed. HU values are recovered in the corrected CBCT images. The proposed method relies on post processing of clinical projection images, and does not require patient specific optimisation. It is thus a powerful tool for image quality improvement of large numbers of CBCT images. DA - 2016/07/13 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3b951041-8528-4c4e-8aea-b8388d0be22b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inelastic light scattering spectroscopy in si/SiGe nanostructures: strain, chemical composition and thermal properties DO - 10.1016/j.ssc.2016.07.008 AU - Tsybeskov, L. AU - Mala, S. A. AU - Wang, X. AU - Baribeau, J.-M. AU - Wu, X. AU - Lockwood, D. J. T2 - Solid State Communications SN - 0038-1098 SN - 1879-2766 KW - Nanostructures; Molecular Beam Epitaxy; Inelastic Light Scattering; Raman Scattering AB - We present a review of recent studies of inelastic light scattering spectroscopy in two types of Si/SiGe nanostructures: planar superlattices and cluster (dot) multilayers including first- and second-order Raman scattering, polarized Raman scattering and low-frequency inelastic light scattering associated with folded acoustic phonons. The results are used in semi-quantitative analysis of chemical composition, strain and thermal conductivity in these technologically important materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices. DA - 2016/07/09 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e7469215-77b6-45da-b380-175305bd4da2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Experiments on calibrating tilt-shift lenses for close-range photogrammetry DO - 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B5-99-2016 AU - Nocerino, E. AU - Menna, F. AU - Remondino, F. AU - Beraldin, J.-A. AU - Cournoyer, L. AU - Reain, G. T2 - ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences T3 - XXIII ISPRS Congress, July, 12–19, 2016, Prague, Czech Republic SN - 2194-9034 VL - XLI-B5 SP - 99 EP - 105 KW - Tilt-shift lens; Scheimpflug principle; Close range photogrammetry; Brown model; Pinhole camera; Calibration; Accuracy; Precision; Relative accuracy AB - One of the strongest limiting factors in close range photogrammetry (CRP) is the depth of field (DOF), especially at very small object distance. When using standard digital cameras and lens, for a specific camera – lens combination, the only way to control the extent of the zone of sharp focus in object space is to reduce the aperture of the lens. However, this strategy is often not sufficient; moreover, in many cases it is not fully advisable. In fact, when the aperture is closed down, images lose sharpness because of diffraction. Furthermore, the exposure time must be lowered (susceptibility to vibrations) and the ISO increased (electronic noise may increase). In order to adapt the shape of the DOF to the subject of interest, the Scheimpflug rule is to be applied, requiring that the optical axis must be no longer perpendicular to the image plane. Nowadays, specific lenses exist that allow inclining the optical axis to modify the DOF: they are called tilt-shift lenses. In this paper, an investigation on the applicability of the classic photogrammetric model (pinhole camera coupled with Brown’s distortion model) to these lenses is presented. Tests were carried out in an environmentally controlled metrology laboratory at the National Research Council (NRC) Canada and the results are hereafter described in detail. DA - 2016/06/15 PY - 2016 PB - Copernicus Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 6f196209-8a6d-4076-b1b9-a5ad6dd48a9d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrocarbon biodegradation by Arctic sea-ice and sub-ice microbial communities during microcosm experiments, Northwest Passage (Nunavut, Canada) DO - 10.1093/femsec/fiw130 AU - Garneau, Marie-Ève AU - Michel, Christine AU - Meisterhans, Guillaume AU - Fortin, Nathalie AU - King, Thomas L. AU - Greer, Charles W. AU - Lee, Kenneth T2 - FEMS Microbiology Ecology SN - 0168-6496 SN - 1574-6941 KW - arctic; sea ice; hydrocarbon biodegradation; bioremediation; 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing; microbial community fingerprinting AB - The increasing accessibility to navigation and offshore oil exploration brings risks of hydrocarbon releases in Arctic waters. Bioremediation of hydrocarbons is a promising mitigation strategy but challenges remain, particularly due to low microbial metabolic rates in cold, ice-covered seas. Hydrocarbon degradation potential of ice-associated microbes collected from the Northwest Passage was investigated. Microcosm incubations were run for 15 days at -1.7°C with and without oil to determine the effects of hydrocarbon exposure on microbial abundance, diversity and activity, and to estimate component-specific hydrocarbon loss. Diversity was assessed with automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and ion torrent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial activity was measured by 3H-leucine uptake rates. After incubation, sub-ice and sea-ice communities degraded 94% and 48% of the initial hydrocarbons, respectively. Hydrocarbon exposure changed the composition of sea-ice and sub-ice communities; in sea-ice microcosms, Bacteroidetes (mainly Polaribacter) dominated whereas in sub-ice microcosms, Epsilonproteobacteria contribution increased, but that of Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased. Sequencing data revealed a decline in diversity and increases in Colwellia and Moritella in oil-treated microcosms. Low concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sub-ice seawater may explain higher hydrocarbon degradation when compared to sea ice, where DOM was abundant and composed of labile exopolysaccharides. DA - 2016/7/06 PY - 2016 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7c0aa52f-edde-4536-bc0b-f3df34a692ee ER - TY - JOUR TI - H₂-saturation of high affinity H₂-oxidizing bacteria alters the ecological niche of soil microorganisms unevenly among taxonomic groups DO - 10.7717/peerj.1782 AU - Piché-Choquette, Sarah AU - Tremblay, Julien AU - Tringe, Susannah G. AU - Constant, Philippe T2 - PeerJ SN - 2167-8359 VL - 4 SP - e1782 SP - 1 EP - 19 KW - Microbiology KW - Soil Science KW - Microbial ecology KW - Soil KW - Correlation network AB - Soil microbial communities are continuously exposed to H₂ diffusing into the soil from the atmosphere. N₂-fixing nodules represent a peculiar microniche in soil where H₂ can reach concentrations up to 20,000 fold higher than in the global atmosphere (0.530 ppmv). In this study, we investigated the impact of H₂ exposure on soil bacterial community structure using dynamic microcosm chambers simulating soil H₂ exposure from the atmosphere and N₂-fixing nodules. Biphasic kinetic parameters governing H₂ oxidation activity in soil changed drastically upon elevated H₂ exposure, corresponding to a slight but significant decay of high affinity H₂-oxidizing bacteria population, accompanied by an enrichment or activation of microorganisms displaying low-affinity for H₂. In contrast to previous studies that unveiled limited response by a few species, the relative abundance of 958 bacterial ribotypes distributed among various taxonomic groups, rather than a few distinct taxa, was influenced by H₂ exposure. Furthermore, correlation networks showed important alterations of ribotype covariation in response to H₂ exposure, suggesting that H₂ affects microbe-microbe interactions in soil. Taken together, our results demonstrate that H₂-rich environments exert a direct influence on soil H₂-oxidizing bacteria in addition to indirect effects on other members of the bacterial communities. DA - 2016/03/10 PY - 2016 PB - PeerJ Inc. LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c8f2d2c2-b53d-44e3-8650-8048909785cf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phase-variable Heptose I glycan extensions modulate efficacy of 2C7 vaccine antibody directed against Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.1600374 AU - Chakraborti, Srinjoy AU - Lewis, Lisa A. AU - Cox, Andrew D. AU - St. Michael, Frank AU - Li, Jianjun AU - Rice, Peter A. AU - Ram, Sanjay T2 - The Journal of Immunology SN - 0022-1767 SN - 1550-6606 VL - 196 IS - 11 SP - 4576 EP - 4586 AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhea, has developed resistance to most conventional antibiotics. Safe and effective vaccines against gonorrhea are needed urgently. A candidate vaccine that targets a lipooligosaccharide (LOS) epitope recognized mAb 2C7 attenuates gonococcal burden in the mouse vaginal colonization model. Glycan extensions from the LOS core heptoses (HepI and HepII) are controlled by phase-variable LOS glycosyltransferase (lgt) genes; we sought to define how HepI glycan extensions affect mAb 2C7 function. Isogenic gonococcal mutants in which the lgt required for mAb 2C7 reactivity (lgtG) was genetically locked on and the lgt loci required for HepI variation (lgtA, lgtC, and lgtD) were genetically locked on or off in different combinations were created. We observed 100% complement-dependent killing by mAb 2C7 of a mutant that expressed lactose (Gal-Glc) from HepI, whereas a mutant that expressed Gal-Gal-Glc-HepI fully resisted killing (>100% survival). Mutants that elaborated 4- (Gal-GlcNAc-Gal-Glc-HepI) and 5-glycan (GalNAc-Gal-GlcNAc-Gal-Glc-HepI) structures displayed intermediate phenotypes (<50% killing with 2 μg/ml and >95% killing with 4 μg/ml mAb 2C7). The contrasting phenotypes of the lactose-HepI and the Gal-Gal-Glc-HepI LOS structures were recapitulated with phase variants of a recently isolated clinical strain. Despite lack of killing of the Gal-Gal-Glc-HepI mutants, mAb 2C7 deposited sufficient C3 on these bacteria for opsonophagocytic killing by human neutrophils. In conclusion, mAb 2C7 showed functional activity against all gonococcal HepI LOS structures defined by various lgtA/C/D on/off combinations, thereby providing further impetus for use of the 2C7 epitope in a gonococcal vaccine. DA - 2016/05/02 PY - 2016 PB - American Association of Immunologists, Inc LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f87202e0-9f7a-4295-b3b1-c40cfbd5103a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Constraints on the architecture of the HD 95086 planetary system with the Gemini Planet Imager DO - 10.3847/2041-8205/822/2/L29 AU - Rameau, Julien AU - Nielsen, Eric L. AU - De Rosa, Robert J. AU - Blunt, Sarah C. AU - Patience, Jenny AU - Doyon, René AU - Graham, James R. AU - Lafrenière, David AU - MacIntosh, Bruce AU - Marchis, Franck AU - Bailey, Vanessa AU - Chilcote, Jeffrey K. AU - Duchene, Gaspard AU - Esposito, Thomas M. AU - Hung, Li-Wei AU - Konopacky, Quinn M. AU - Maire, Jérôme AU - Marois, Christian AU - Metchev, Stanimir AU - Perrin, Marshall D. AU - Pueyo, Laurent AU - Rajan, Abhijith AU - Savransky, Dmitry AU - Wang, Jason J. AU - Ward-Duong, Kimberly AU - Wolff, Schuyler G. AU - Ammons, S. Mark AU - Hibon, Pascale AU - Ingraham, Patrick AU - Kalas, Paul AU - Morzinski, Katie M. AU - Oppenheimer, Rebecca AU - Rantakyearö, Fredrik T. AU - Thomas, Sandrine T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 2041-8213 VL - 822 IS - 2 SP - L29 SP - 1 EP - 7 KW - Astrometry KW - Planet–disk interactions KW - Planetary systems KW - Individual stars KW - HD 95086 DA - 2016/05/06 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 20f2671f-dd89-4351-a1ab-7e0047654c41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A search for sub-second radio variability predicted to arise toward 3C 84 from intergalatic disperson DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/93 AU - Hales, C. A. AU - Max-Moerbeck, W. AU - Roshi, D. A. AU - Rupen, M. P. T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 823 IS - 2 SP - 93 SP - 1 EP - 7 KW - Intergalactic medium KW - Large-scale structure of universe KW - Radiation mechanisms KW - Radio continuum KW - Solar wind KW - Sun KW - Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) AB - We empirically evaluate the scheme proposed by Lieu & Duan in which the light curve of a time-steady radio source is predicted to exhibit increased variability on a characteristic timescale set by the sightline's electron column density. Application to extragalactic sources is of significant appeal, as it would enable a unique and reliable probe of cosmic baryons. We examine temporal power spectra for 3C 84, observed at 1.7 GHz with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. These data constrain the ratio between standard deviation and mean intensity for 3C 84 to less than 0.05% at temporal frequencies ranging between 0.1 and 200 Hz. This limit is 3 orders of magnitude below the variability predicted by Lieu & Duan and is in accord with theoretical arguments presented by Hirata & McQuinn rebutting electron density dependence. We identify other spectral features in the data consistent with the slow solar wind, a coronal mass ejection, and the ionosphere. DA - 2016/05/25 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ed0c5751-471a-43d9-bf80-0a3a20202778 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An ALMA search for substructure, fragmentation, and hidden protostars in starless cores in Chamaeleon I DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/160 AU - Dunham, Michael M. AU - Offner, Stella S. R. AU - Pineda, Jaime E. AU - Bourke, Tyler L. AU - Tobin, John J. AU - Arce, Héctor G. AU - Chen, Xuepeng AU - Di Francesco, James AU - Johnstone, Doug AU - Lee, Katherine I. AU - Myers, Philip C. AU - Price, Daniel AU - Sadavoy, Sarah I. AU - Schnee, Scott T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 823 IS - 2 SP - 160 SP - 1 EP - 23 KW - ISM clouds KW - Star formation KW - Low-mass stars KW - Submillimeter AB - We present an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 106 GHz (Band 3) continuum survey of the complete population of dense cores in the Chamaeleon I molecular cloud. We detect a total of 24 continuum sources in 19 different target fields. All previously known Class 0 and Class I protostars in Chamaeleon I are detected, whereas all of the 56 starless cores in our sample are undetected. We show that the Spitzer+Herschel census of protostars in Chamaeleon I is complete, with the rate at which protostellar cores have been misclassified as starless cores calculated as <1/56, or <2%. We use synthetic observations to show that starless cores collapsing following the turbulent fragmentation scenario are detectable by our ALMA observations when their central densities exceed ~10⁸ cm⁻³, with the exact density dependent on the viewing geometry. Bonnor–Ebert spheres, on the other hand, remain undetected to central densities at least as high as 10¹⁰cm⁻³. Our starless core non-detections are used to infer that either the star-formation rate is declining in Chamaeleon I and most of the starless cores are not collapsing, matching the findings of previous studies, or that the evolution of starless cores are more accurately described by models that develop less substructure than predicted by the turbulent fragmentation scenario, such as Bonnor–Ebert spheres. We outline future work necessary to distinguish between these two possibilities. DA - 2016/06/01 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3332619d-7e55-405a-996e-5c051b6ef9f9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An alma search for substructure, fragmentation, and hidden protostars in starless cores in Chamaeleon I DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/160 AU - Dunham, Michael M. AU - Offner, Stella S. R. AU - Pineda, Jaime E. AU - Bourke, Tyler L. AU - Tobin, John J. AU - Arce, Héctor G. AU - Chen, Xuepeng AU - Di Francesco, James AU - Johnstone, Doug AU - Lee, Katherine I. AU - Myers, Philip C. AU - Price, Daniel AU - Sadavoy, Sarah I. AU - Schnee, Scott T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 823 IS - 2 SP - 160 SP - 1 EP - 23 KW - ISM clouds KW - Star formation KW - Low-mass stars KW - Submillimeter AB - We present an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 106 GHz (Band 3) continuum survey of the complete population of dense cores in the Chamaeleon I molecular cloud. We detect a total of 24 continuum sources in 19 different target fields. All previously known Class 0 and Class I protostars in Chamaeleon I are detected, whereas all of the 56 starless cores in our sample are undetected. We show that the Spitzer+Herschel census of protostars in Chamaeleon I is complete, with the rate at which protostellar cores have been misclassified as starless cores calculated as <1/56, or <2%. We use synthetic observations to show that starless cores collapsing following the turbulent fragmentation scenario are detectable by our ALMA observations when their central densities exceed ~10⁸ cm⁻³, with the exact density dependent on the viewing geometry. Bonnor–Ebert spheres, on the other hand, remain undetected to central densities at least as high as 10¹⁰cm⁻³. Our starless core non-detections are used to infer that either the star-formation rate is declining in Chamaeleon I and most of the starless cores are not collapsing, matching the findings of previous studies, or that the evolution of starless cores are more accurately described by models that develop less substructure than predicted by the turbulent fragmentation scenario, such as Bonnor–Ebert spheres. We outline future work necessary to distinguish between these two possibilities. DA - 2016/06/01 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a7820523-6e04-4665-b999-5c209176afd0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A deep search for prompt radio emission from thermonuclear supernovae with the Very Large Array DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/119 AU - Chomiuk, Laura AU - Soderberg, Alicia M. AU - Chevalier, Roger A. AU - Bruzewski, Seth AU - Foley, Ryan J. AU - Parrent, Jerod AU - Strader, Jay AU - Badenes, Carles AU - Fransson, Claes AU - Kamble, Atish AU - Margutti, Raffaella AU - Rupen, Michael P. AU - Simon, Joshua D. T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 821 IS - 2 SP - 119 SP - 1 EP - 27 KW - Binaries KW - Circumstellar matter KW - Radio continuum KW - General supernovae KW - Individual supernovae DA - 2016/04/20 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9d492bde-b30d-4e47-af1e-ae399ea41e7e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Searching for the HR 8799 debris disk with HST/STIS DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/149 AU - Gerard, B. AU - Lawler, S. AU - Marois, C. AU - Tannock, M. AU - Matthews, B. AU - Venn, K. T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 823 IS - 2 SP - 149 SP - 1 EP - 10 KW - Circumstellar matter KW - Planetary systems KW - Individual stars KW - HR 8799 KW - Image processing techniques AB - We present a new algorithm for space telescope high contrast imaging of close-to-face-on planetary disks called Optimized Spatially Filtered (OSFi) normalization. This algorithm is used on HR 8799 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) coronagraphic archival data, showing an over-luminosity after reference star point-spread function (PSF) subtraction that may be from the inner disk and/or planetesimal belt components of this system. The PSF-subtracted radial profiles in two separate epochs from 2011 and 2012 are consistent with one another, and self-subtraction shows no residual in both epochs. We explore a number of possible false-positive scenarios that could explain this residual flux, including telescope breathing, spectral differences between HR 8799 and the reference star, imaging of the known warm inner disk component, OSFi algorithm throughput and consistency with the standard spider normalization HST PSF subtraction technique, and coronagraph misalignment from pointing accuracy. In comparison to another similar STIS data set, we find that the over-luminosity is likely a result of telescope breathing and spectral difference between HR 8799 and the reference star. Thus, assuming a non-detection, we derive upper limits on the HR 8799 dust belt mass in small grains. In this scenario, we find that the flux of these micron-sized dust grains leaving the system due to radiation pressure is small enough to be consistent with measurements of other debris disk halos. DA - 2016/06/01 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 09011d7c-d3d0-45fa-933c-33cfd076217e ER - TY - JOUR TI - The next generation Virgo cluster survey XVI: the angular momentum of dwarf early-type galaxies from globular cluster satellites DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/822/1/51 AU - Toloba, Elisa AU - Li, Biao AU - Guhathakurta, Puragra AU - Peng, Eric W. AU - Ferrarese, Laura AU - Côté, Patrick AU - Emsellem, Eric AU - Gwyn, Stephen AU - Zhang, Hongxin AU - Boselli, Alessandro AU - Cuillandre, Jean-Charles AU - Jordan, Andres AU - Liu, Chengze T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 822 IS - 1 SP - 51 SP - 1 EP - 19 KW - Galaxy clusters KW - Individual galaxies KW - Virgo KW - Dwarf galaxies KW - Elliptical galaxies KW - Lenticular galaxies KW - Galaxy evolution KW - Galaxy halos KW - Galaxy kinematics KW - Galaxy dynamics DA - 2016/05/03 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1b606116-9bf1-4c0a-9cc4-d2ec27ce3bef ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pressure-sensitive paint measurements on a moving store in the NRC 1.5 m blowdown wind tunnel DO - 10.2514/6.2016-4161 AU - Mébarki, Youssef T2 - 32nd AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference, 13-17 June 2016, Washington, D.C. T3 - 32nd AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference Washington, D.C. SN - 978-1-62410-438-1 AB - The pressure-sensitive paint technique (PSP) is used to measure the model surface pressures in wind tunnel testing. In the NRC 1.5 m blowdown wind tunnel, the testing time is limited between 10 to 100 sec, depending on the mass flow rate and the tunnel geometry (2D or 3D test section). Traditionally, production PSP testing required a stationary model during the image acquisition. In order to optimize the testing time, a novel approach for PSP testing in production wind tunnels has been implemented to acquire PSP data on continuously moving objects. This type of testing (pitch and roll sweeps) is the usual method of testing in the 1.5 m blowdown wind tunnel, when conventional instrumentation is used (balance forces and pressure tap data). The measurement method is based on the single shot lifetime method, using UV-LED excitation pulses and 49 Hz image acquisition with a scientific CMOS (sCMOS) camera. The method was demonstrated on the fins of a generic store, tested at M = 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0, at angles of attack from -10° to 20°, and moving at variable pitch rates of 3°/s, -6°/s and 9°/s. The PSP data on the moving model (pitch sweep mode) was compared to PSP data on steady model (pitch step mode), to determine the maximum acceptable pitch rate. The store model was not instrumented with pressure taps and the PSP data from the pitch sweep test was compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A single Cp offset from the CFD simulations was used to compensate for the model global temperature changes. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - AIAA Association LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : eb2ee871-835c-4c21-82d5-36c44ba3a252 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gas phase absorption of spectroscopy of C60⁺₆₀ and C⁺₇₀ in a cryogenic ion trap: comparison with astronomical measurements DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/822/1/17 AU - Campbell, E. K. AU - Holz, M. AU - Maier, J. P. AU - Gerlich, D. AU - Walker, G. A. H. AU - Bohlender, D. T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 822 IS - 1 SP - 17 SP - 1 EP - 7 KW - ISM molecules AB - Recent low-temperature laboratory measurements and astronomical observations have proved that the fullerene cation C⁺₆₀ is responsible for four diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). These absorptions correspond to the strongest bands of the lowest electronic transition. The gas phase spectrum below 10K is reported here for the full wavelength range encompassed by the electronic transition. The absorption spectrum of C⁺₇₀ with its origin band at 7959.2Å has been obtained under similar laboratory conditions. Observations made toward the reddened star HD 183143 were used in a specific search for the absorption of these fullerene cations in diffuse clouds. In the case of C⁺₆₀, one further band in the astronomical spectrum at $9348.5 Å is identified, increasing the total number of assigned DIBs to five. Numerous other C⁺₆₀ absorptions in the laboratory spectrum are found to lie below the astronomical detection limit. Special emphasis is placed on the laboratory determination of absolute absorption cross-sections. For C⁺₆₀ this directly yields a column density, N(C⁺₆₀)of 2× 10¹³cm⁻² in diffuse clouds, without the need to rely on theoretical oscillator strengths. The intensity of the C⁺₇₀ electronic transition in the range 7000–8000 Å is spread over many features of similar strength. Absorption cross-section measurements indicate that even for a similar column density, the individual absorption bands of C⁺₇₀ will be too weak to be detected in the astronomical spectra, which is confirmed giving an upper limit of 2mÅ to the equivalent width. DA - 2016/04/27 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 54a9aa03-e500-405c-a01d-252f408c0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gas phase absorption of spectroscopy of C60⁺₆₀ and C⁺₇₀ in a cryogenic ion trap: comparison with astronomical measurements DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/822/1/17 AU - Campbell, E. K. AU - Holz, M. AU - Maier, J. P. AU - Gerlich, D. AU - Walker, G. A. H. AU - Bohlender, D. T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 822 IS - 1 SP - 17 SP - 1 EP - 7 KW - ISM molecules AB - Recent low-temperature laboratory measurements and astronomical observations have proved that the fullerene cation C⁺₆₀ is responsible for four diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). These absorptions correspond to the strongest bands of the lowest electronic transition. The gas phase spectrum below 10K is reported here for the full wavelength range encompassed by the electronic transition. The absorption spectrum of C⁺₇₀ with its origin band at 7959.2Å has been obtained under similar laboratory conditions. Observations made toward the reddened star $\mathrm{HD}\;183143$ were used in a specific search for the absorption of these fullerene cations in diffuse clouds. In the case of C⁺₆₀, one further band in the astronomical spectrum at $9348.5 Å is identified, increasing the total number of assigned DIBs to five. Numerous other C⁺₆₀ absorptions in the laboratory spectrum are found to lie below the astronomical detection limit. Special emphasis is placed on the laboratory determination of absolute absorption cross-sections. For C⁺₆₀ this directly yields a column density, N(C⁺₆₀)of 2× 10¹³cm⁻² in diffuse clouds, without the need to rely on theoretical oscillator strengths. The intensity of the C⁺₇₀ electronic transition in the range 7000–8000 Å is spread over many features of similar strength. Absorption cross-section measurements indicate that even for a similar column density, the individual absorption bands of C⁺₇₀ will be too weak to be detected in the astronomical spectra, which is confirmed giving an upper limit of 2mÅ to the equivalent width. DA - 2016/04/27 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0ac26f32-e4c3-41d1-99fd-31d12b1168f7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A substructure inside spiral arms and a mirror image across the galactic meridian DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/53 AU - Vallée, Jacques P. T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 821 IS - 1 SP - 53 SP - 1 EP - 12 KW - Disc galaxy KW - Galaxy formation KW - Galaxy: fundamental parameters KW - Galaxy structure KW - ISM kinematics and dynamics AB - Though the galactic density wave theory is over 50 years old and is well known in science, it has been difficult to say whether it fits our own Milky Way disk. Here we show a substructure inside the spiral arms. This substructure is reversing with respect to the Galactic Meridian (longitude zero), and crosscuts of the arms at negative longitudes appear as mirror images of crosscuts of the arms at positive longitudes. Four lanes are delineated: a mid-arm (extended ¹²CO gas at the mid-arm, H i atoms), an in-between offset by about 100 pc (synchrotron, radio recombination lines), an in-between offset by about 200 pc (masers, colder dust), and an inner edge (hotter dust seen in mid-IR and near-IR). DA - 2016/04/11 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 4df1ca4a-a16a-436a-b97c-695fdeb43591 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spectral reflectance of polar bear and other large Arctic mammal pelts; potential applications to remote sensing surveys DO - 10.3390/rs8040273 AU - Leblanc, George AU - Francis, Charles M. AU - Soffer, Raymond AU - Kalacska, Margaret AU - de Gea, Julie T2 - Remote Sensing SN - 2072-4292 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 273 SP - 1 EP - 21 KW - Polar bear KW - Seal KW - Spectral signature KW - Muskox KW - Caribou KW - Hyperspectral AB - Spectral reflectance within the 350–2500 nm range was measured for 17 pelts of arctic mammals (polar bear, caribou, muskox, and ringed, harp and bearded seals) in relation to snow. Reflectance of all pelts was very low at the ultraviolet (UV) end of the spectrum (<10%), increased through the visual and near infrared, peaking at 40%–60% between 1100 and 1400 nm and then gradually dropped, though remaining above 20% until at least 1800 nm. In contrast, reflectance of snow was very high in the UV range (>90%), gradually dropped to near zero at 1500 nm, and then fluctuated between zero and 20% up to 2500 nm. All pelts could be distinguished from clean snow at many wavelengths. The polar bear pelts had higher and more uniform averaged reflectance from about 600–1100 nm than most other pelts, but discrimination was challenging due to variation in pelt color and intensity among individuals within each species. Results suggest promising approaches for using remote sensing tools with a broad spectral range to discriminate polar bears and other mammals from clean snow. Further data from live animals in their natural environment are needed to develop functions to discriminate among species of mammals and to determine whether other environmental elements may have similar reflectance. DA - 2016/03/25 PY - 2016 PB - MDPI LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a0e64e9a-db04-41d1-93c9-24d45761a08f ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of molecular structure and environment on the miscibility and diffusivity in polythiophene-methanofullerene bulk heterojunctions: theory and modeling with the RISM approach DO - 10.3390/polym8040136 AU - Kobryn, Alexander AU - Gusarov, Sergey AU - Shankar, Karthik T2 - Polymers T3 - 2015 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, December 15–20, 2015, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA SN - 2073-4360 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 136 SP - 1 EP - 16 KW - Organic photovoltaics KW - Structural properties KW - Dynamical properties KW - PCBM KW - P3HT KW - P3BT KW - RISM AB - Although better means to model the properties of bulk heterojunction molecular blends are much needed in the field of organic optoelectronics, only a small subset of methods based on molecular dynamics- and Monte Carlo-based approaches have been hitherto employed to guide or replace empirical characterization and testing. Here, we present the first use of the integral equation theory of molecular liquids in modelling the structural properties of blends of phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a carboxylated poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT), respectively. For this, we use the Reference Interaction Site Model (RISM) with the Universal Force Field (UFF) to compute the microscopic structure of blends and obtain insight into the miscibility of its components. Input parameters for RISM, such as optimized molecular geometries and charge distribution of interaction sites, are derived by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. We also run Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to compare the diffusivity of the PCBM in binary blends with P3HT and P3BT, respectively. A remarkably good agreement with available experimental data and results of alternative modelling/simulation is observed for PCBM in the P3HT system. We interpret this as a step in the validation of the use of our approach for organic photovoltaics and support of its results for new systems that do not have reference data for comparison or calibration. In particular, for the less-studied P3BT, our results show that expectations about its performance in binary blends with PCBM may be overestimated, as it does not demonstrate the required level of miscibility and short-range structural organization. In addition, the simulated mobility of PCBM in P3BT is somewhat higher than what is expected for polymer blends and falls into a range typical for fluids. The significance of our predictive multi-scale modelling lies in the insights it offers into nanoscale morphology and charge transport behaviour in multi-component organic semiconductor blends. DA - 2016/04/09 PY - 2016 PB - MDPI LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9e47b5a1-1198-4bbc-9e48-83c3735d2230 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optofluidic device based microflow cytometers for particle/cell detection: a review DO - 10.3390/mi7040070 AU - Zhang, Yushan AU - Watts, Benjamin R. AU - Guo, Tianyi AU - Zhang, Zhiyi AU - Xu, Changqing AU - Fang, Qiyin T2 - Micromachines SN - 2072-666X VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 70 SP - 1 EP - 21 KW - Optofluidic device KW - Microfluidics KW - Microflow cytometer KW - Microfabrication AB - Optofluidic devices combining micro-optical and microfluidic components bring a host of new advantages to conventional microfluidic devices. Aspects, such as optical beam shaping, can be integrated on-chip and provide high-sensitivity and built-in optical alignment. Optofluidic microflow cytometers have been demonstrated in applications, such as point-of-care diagnostics, cellular immunophenotyping, rare cell analysis, genomics and analytical chemistry. Flow control, light guiding and collecting, data collection and data analysis are the four main techniques attributed to the performance of the optofluidic microflow cytometer. Each of the four areas is discussed in detail to show the basic principles and recent developments. 3D microfabrication techniques are discussed in their use to make these novel microfluidic devices, and the integration of the whole system takes advantage of the miniaturization of each sub-system. The combination of these different techniques is a spur to the development of microflow cytometers, and results show the performance of many types of microflow cytometers developed recently. DA - 2016/04/15 PY - 2016 PB - MDPI LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : fb51d972-4595-40b9-b893-9b9fd6d57a42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrogen bonding in 2,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one methanol solvate DO - 10.1515/zkri-2015-1915 AU - Suresh, T. AU - Vijayakumar, V. AU - Kumar, L. Jyothish AU - Sarveswari, S. AU - Jotani, Mukesh M. AU - Otero-de-la-Roza, Alberto AU - Tan, Yee Seng AU - Tiekink, Edward R. T. T2 - Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials SN - 2196-7105 SN - 2194-4946 VL - 231 IS - 6 SP - 365 EP - 374 KW - Conformation KW - Crystal structure analysis KW - DFT KW - Piperiden-4-one KW - X-ray diffraction AB - The crystal structure analysis of a 2,6-diaryl 4-piperidone derivative, isolated as a mono-methanol solvate, reveals that both the piperidone and the methanol molecule lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. A chair conformation is found for the piperidone ring with the aryl and methyl groups in equatorial positions. The most prominent feature of the molecular packing is the formation of supramolecular zigzag chains mediated by amine-N–H···O(methanol) and hydroxyl-O–H···N(amine) hydrogen bonds, i.e. the methanol molecule serves as a bridge between piperidone molecules. The molecular structure is compared with that determined in an unsolvated form and the gas-phase equilibrium structure, obtained using density-functional theory (DFT); differences relate, in the main, to the relative dispositions of the aryl rings. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces of the experimental structures indicates very similar relative contributions with the notable exception being the contribution by O···H/H···O which at 13.7% in the methanol solvate is >8.5% in the unsolvated form. DA - 2016/05/12 PY - 2016 PB - De Gruyter LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f5d87451-9c24-47cf-91a9-9c0dfd049d88 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How to name new chemical elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2016) DO - 10.1515/pac-2015-0802 AU - Koppenol, Willem H. AU - Corish, John AU - García-Martínez, Javier AU - Meija, Juris AU - Reedijk, Jan T2 - Pure and Applied Chemistry SN - 1365-3075 SN - 0033-4545 VL - 88 IS - 4 KW - Element KW - Inorganic Chemistry Division KW - Naming process KW - Nomenclature KW - Periodic table AB - A procedure is proposed to name new chemical elements. After the discovery of a new element is established by the joint IUPAC-IUPAP Working Group, the discoverers are invited to propose a name and a symbol to the IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division. Elements can be named after a mythological concept, a mineral, a place or country, a property or a scientist. After examination and acceptance by the Inorganic Chemistry Division, the proposal follows the accepted IUPAC procedure and is then ratified by the Council of IUPAC. This document is a slightly amended version of the 2002 IUPAC Recommendations; the most important change is that the names of all new elements should have an ending that reflects and maintains historical and chemical consistency. This would be in general “-ium” for elements belonging to groups 1–16, i.e. including the f-block elements, “-ine” for elements of group 17 and “-on” for elements of group 18. DA - 2016/04/21 PY - 2016 PB - De Gruyter LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e363378f-57d2-41ce-9791-dc45ffbea2d6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report) DO - 10.1515/pac-2015-0503 AU - Meija, Juris AU - Coplen, Tyler B. AU - Berglund, Michael AU - Brand, Willi A. AU - De Bièvre, Paul AU - Gröning, Manfred AU - Holden, Norman E. AU - Irrgeher, Johanna AU - Loss, Robert D. AU - Walczyk, Thomas AU - Prohaska, Thomas T2 - Pure and Applied Chemistry SN - 1365-3075 SN - 0033-4545 VL - 88 IS - 3 SP - 293 EP - 306 KW - Atomic weight KW - ciaaw.org KW - Critical evaluation KW - Elements KW - Isotopes KW - Isotopic abundance KW - IUPAC Technical Report KW - Periodic table AB - The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (ciaaw.org) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (iupac.org) has revised the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE). The update involved a critical evaluation of the recent published literature. The new TICE 2013 includes evaluated data from the “best measurement” of the isotopic abundances in a single sample, along with a set of representative isotopic abundances and uncertainties that accommodate known variations in normal terrestrial materials. DA - 2016/02/20 PY - 2016 PB - De Gruyter LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : aeb83db7-8cc2-41ad-9847-519b9471bae8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report) DO - 10.1515/pac-2015-0305 AU - Meija, Juris AU - Coplen, Tyler B. AU - Berglund, Michael AU - Brand, Willi A. AU - De Bièvre, Paul AU - Gröning, Manfred AU - Holden, Norman E. AU - Irrgeher, Johanna AU - Loss, Robert D. AU - Walczyk, Thomas AU - Prohaska, Thomas T2 - Pure and Applied Chemistry SN - 1365-3075 SN - 0033-4545 VL - 88 IS - 3 SP - 265 EP - 291 KW - Atomic weights KW - Atomic-weight intervals KW - Cadmium KW - ciaaw.org; KW - Conventional atomic-weight values KW - Half-life KW - IUPAC Technical Report KW - Molybdenum KW - Selenium KW - Standard atomic weight KW - Thorium KW - Uranium AB - The biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of 19 elements. The standard atomic weights of four elements have been revised based on recent determinations of isotopic abundances in natural terrestrial materials: cadmium to 112.414(4) from 112.411(8), molybdenum to 95.95(1) from 95.96(2), selenium to 78.971(8) from 78.96(3), and thorium to 232.0377(4) from 232.038 06(2). The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (ciaaw.org) also revised the standard atomic weights of fifteen elements based on the 2012 Atomic Mass Evaluation: aluminium (aluminum) to 26.981 5385(7) from 26.981 5386(8), arsenic to 74.921 595(6) from 74.921 60(2), beryllium to 9.012 1831(5) from 9.012 182(3), caesium (cesium) to 132.905 451 96(6) from 132.905 4519(2), cobalt to 58.933 194(4) from 58.933 195(5), fluorine to 18.998 403 163(6) from 18.998 4032(5), gold to 196.966 569(5) from 196.966 569(4), holmium to 164.930 33(2) from 164.930 32(2), manganese to 54.938 044(3) from 54.938 045(5), niobium to 92.906 37(2) from 92.906 38(2), phosphorus to 30.973 761 998(5) from 30.973 762(2), praseodymium to 140.907 66(2) from 140.907 65(2), scandium to 44.955 908(5) from 44.955 912(6), thulium to 168.934 22(2) from 168.934 21(2), and yttrium to 88.905 84(2) from 88.905 85(2). The Commission also recommends the standard value for the natural terrestrial uranium isotope ratio, N(²³⁸U)/N(²³⁵U)=137.8(1). DA - 2016/02/24 PY - 2016 PB - De Gruyter LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 23a71e6c-605b-458b-b56e-5efb0a347895 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proteomic analysis of the secretome of Cellulomonas fimi ATCC 484 and Cellulomonas flavigena ATCC 482 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0151186 AU - Wakarchuk, Warren W. AU - Brochu, Denis AU - Foote, Simon AU - Robotham, Anna AU - Saxena, Hirak AU - Erak, Tamara AU - Kelly, John AU - Kim, Kyoung Heon T2 - PLOS ONE SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - e0151186 SP - 1 EP - 13 KW - Cellulases KW - Carbohydrates KW - Genomic databases KW - Actinobacteria KW - Peptidoglycans KW - Protein expression KW - Protein secretion AB - The bacteria in the genus Cellulomonas are known for their ability to degrade plant cell wall biomass. Cellulomonas fimi ATCC 484 and C. flavigena ATCC 482 have been the subject of much research into secreted cellulases and hemicellulases. Recently the genome sequences of both C. fimi ATCC 484 and C. flavigena ATCC 482 were published, and a genome comparison has revealed their full spectrum of possible carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Using mass spectrometry, we have compared the proteins secreted by C. fimi and C. flavigena during growth on the soluble cellulose substrate, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), as well as a soluble xylan fraction. Many known C. fimi CAZymes were detected, which validated our analysis, as were a number of new CAZymes and other proteins that, though identified in the genome, have not previously been observed in the secretome of either organism. Our data also shows that many of these are co-expressed on growth of either CMC or xylan. This analysis provides a new perspective on Cellulomonas enzymes and provides many new CAZyme targets for characterization. DA - 2016/03/07 PY - 2016 PB - PLos LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2774950f-f621-47b0-a570-e551304a9a59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ideal, constant-loss nanophotonic mode converter using a Lagrangian approach DO - 10.1364/OE.24.006680 AU - Horth, Alexandre AU - Cheben, Pavel AU - Schmid, Jens H. AU - Kashyap, Raman AU - Quitoriano, Nathaniel J. T2 - Optics Express SN - 1094-4087 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 6680 EP - 6688 KW - Integrated optics KW - Optoelectronics KW - Integrated optics devices AB - Coupling light between an optical fiber and a silicon nanophotonic waveguide is a challenge facing the field of silicon photonics to which various mode converters have been proposed. Inverted tapers stand out as a practical solution enabling efficient and broadband mode conversion. Current design approaches often use linearly-shaped tapers and two dimensional approximations; however, these approaches have not been rigorously verified and there is not an overarching design framework to guide the design process. Here, using a Lagrangian formulation, we propose an original, constant-loss framework for designing shape-controlled photonic devices and apply this formalism to derive an ideal constant-loss taper (CLT). We specifically report on the experimental demonstration of a fabrication-tolerant, 15-µm-long CLT coupler, that produces 0.56 dB fiber-chip coupling efficiency, the highest efficiency-per-length ratio ever reported. DA - 2016/03/17 PY - 2016 PB - OSA Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7b0d052f-dcd0-49c8-a1b7-f62f9bae926a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Attosecond optics and technology: progress to date and future prospects [Invited] DO - 10.1364/JOSAB.33.001081 AU - Chang, Zenghu AU - Corkum, Paul B. AU - Leone, Stephen R. T2 - Journal of the Optical Society of America B SN - 0740-3224 SN - 1520-8540 VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1081 EP - 1097 KW - Ultrafast optics KW - Strong field laser physics KW - Multiphoton processes AB - The milestones of attosecond optics research in the last 15 years are briefly reviewed, and the latest trends in applications in gaseous and condensed matter are introduced. An outlook on future development of attosecond soft x-ray sources and their application is provided. DA - 2016/05/11 PY - 2016 PB - OSA Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5573589a-0fa9-474b-8854-ada70674b7df ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager’s adaptive optics system DO - 10.1364/AO.55.000323 AU - Poyneer, Lisa A. AU - Palmer, David W. AU - MacIntosh, Bruce AU - Savransky, Dmitry AU - Sadakuni, Naru AU - Thomas, Sandrine AU - Véran, Jean-Pierre AU - Follette, Katherine B. AU - Greenbaum, Alexandra Z. AU - Ammons, S. Mark AU - Bailey, Vanessa P. AU - Bauman, Brian AU - Cardwell, Andrew AU - Dillon, Daren AU - Gavel, Donald AU - Hartung, Markus AU - Hibon, Pascale AU - Perrin, Marshall D. AU - Rantakyrö, Fredrik T. AU - Sivaramakrishnan, Anand AU - Wang, Jason J. T2 - Applied Optics SN - 0003-6935 SN - 1539-4522 VL - 55 IS - 2 SP - 323 EP - 340 AB - The Gemini Planet Imager’s adaptive optics (AO) subsystem was designed specifically to facilitate high-contrast imaging. A definitive description of the system’s algorithms and technologies as built is given. 564 AO telemetry measurements from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey campaign are analyzed. The modal gain optimizer tracks changes in atmospheric conditions. Science observations show that image quality can be improved with the use of both the spatially filtered wavefront sensor and linear-quadratic-Gaussian control of vibration. The error budget indicates that for all targets and atmospheric conditions AO bandwidth error is the largest term. DA - 2016/01/07 PY - 2016 PB - OSA Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8c92396b-215c-4694-9c78-a2f394172783 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from two hospital outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California, USA DO - 10.1186/s12879-016-1526-y AU - Warner, Wayne A. AU - Kuang, Shan N. AU - Hernandez, Rina AU - Chong, Melissa C. AU - Ewing, Peter J. AU - Fleischer, Jen AU - Meng, Jia AU - Chu, Sheena AU - Terashita, Dawn AU - English, L’Tanya AU - Chen, Wangxue AU - Xu, H. Howard T2 - BMC Infectious Diseases SN - 1471-2334 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 194 SP - 1 EP - 13 KW - Acinetobacter baumannii KW - Nosocomial outbreak KW - Epidemiology KW - Antimicrobial susceptibility KW - Mechanism of resistance AB - BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii have been responsible for an increasing number of nosocomial infections including bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. In this study, we analyzed 38 isolates of A. baumannii obtained from two hospital outbreaks in Los Angeles County for the molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance determinants. METHODS: Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, tri-locus multiplex PCR and multi-locus sequence typing (Pasteur scheme) were used to examine clonal relationships of the outbreak isolates. Broth microdilution method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates. PCR and subsequent DNA sequencing were employed to characterize antibiotic resistance genetic determinants. RESULTS: Trilocus multiplex PCR showed these isolates belong to Global Clones I and II, which were confirmed to ST1 and ST2, respectively, by multi-locus sequence typing. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis identified two clonal clusters, one with 20 isolates (Global Clone I) and the other with nine (Global Clone II), which dominated the two outbreaks. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using 14 antibiotics indicated that all isolates were resistant to antibiotics belonging to four or more categories of antimicrobial agents. In particular, over three fourth of 38 isolates were found to be resistant to both imipenem and meropenem. Additionally, all isolates were found to be resistant to piperacillin, four cephalosporin antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Resistance phenotypes of these strains to fluoroquinolones were correlated with point mutations in gyrA and parC genes that render reduced affinity to target proteins. ISAba1 was detected immediately upstream of the bla ₒₓₐ₋₂₃ gene present in those isolates that were found to be resistant to both carbapenems. Class 1 integron-associated resistance gene cassettes appear to contribute to resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The two outbreaks were found to be dominated by two clonal clusters of A. baumannii belonging to MLST ST1 and ST2. All isolates were resistant to antibiotics of at least four categories of antimicrobial agents, and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles correlate well with genetic determinants. The results of this study will facilitate our understanding of the molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of A. baumannii obtained from Los Angeles hospitals. DA - 2016/05/04 PY - 2016 PB - BioMed Central Ltd LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 02061952-fe8d-484f-b6ef-321a98a238c1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermal stability of high voltage Li₁₋ₓMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄ cathode material synthesized via a sol-gel method DO - 10.1149/2.0621606jes AU - Khakani, Soumia El AU - Rochefort, Dominic AU - MacNeil, Dean D. T2 - Journal of The Electrochemical Society SN - 0013-4651 SN - 1945-7111 VL - 163 IS - 6 SP - A947 EP - A952 KW - ARC KW - LiMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄ KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Spinel cathode KW - Thermal runway KW - Thermal stability AB - The thermal stability of a high-voltage spinel cathode (LiMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄), synthesized via a sol-gel method, was investigated using Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) and compared to that of LiMn₂O₄. Both cathode materials crystallize in the Fd¯3¯m space group with nearly identical surface areas (∼0.65 m² g⁻¹), but they show different microstructures and morphologies that affect their reactivity. In the presence of 1 M LiPF¹ in ethylene carbonate (EC): diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:2 v/v) electrolyte, both materials show an exothermic surface reaction that is dependent on the cathode morphology, at relatively low temperatures (below 200°C). The onset temperature of the self-heating reaction for Li₁₋ₓMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄ sample is found to be as low as 60°C (compared to 140°C for Li₁₋ₓMn₂O₄), significantly affecting the thermal stability of a whole battery containing LiMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄ as the cathode. The decomposition of the spinel material takes place at 195°C for Li₁₋ₓMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄ and at 215°C for Li₁₋ₓMn₂O₄, with significantly higher self-heating rates for Li₁₋ₓMn₁.₅Ni₀.₅O₄ than for LiMn₂O₄. Our results show that, above 200°C, Ni⁴⁺ is reduced to the more stable Ni²⁺ oxidation state and the oxygen released from the cathode during this reaction fuels the combustion of carbonate solvents. DA - 2016/03/10 PY - 2016 PB - Electrochemical Society Inc. LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ff98b29c-1547-40b9-b509-e6b6c7f6edfd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling study of solid-particle erosion with consideration of particle velocity dependent model parameters DO - 10.1142/S1793962316500264 AU - Qian, Shijie AU - Chen, Kuiying AU - Liu, Rong AU - Liang, Ming T2 - International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing SN - 1793-9623 SN - 1793-9615 SP - 1650026 KW - Solid-particle erosion KW - Particle impact velocity KW - Particle impingement angle KW - Cutting wear KW - Deformation wear KW - Erosion rate AB - An advanced erosion model that correlates two model parameters—the energies required to remove unit mass of target material during cutting wear and deformation wear, respectively, with particle velocity, particle size and density, as well as target material properties, is proposed. This model is capable of predicting the erosion rates for a material under solid-particle impact over a specific range of particle velocity at the impingement angle between 0° and 90°, provided that the experimental data of erosion rate for the material at a particle velocity within this range and at impingement angles between 0° and 90° are available. The proposed model is applied on three distinct types of materials: aluminum, perspex and graphite, to investigate the dependence behavior of the model parameters on particle velocity for ductile and brittle materials. The predicted model parameters obtained from the model are validated by the experimental data of aluminum plate under Al₂O₃ particle impact. The significance and limitation of the model are discussed; possible improvements on the model are suggested. DA - 2016/05/03 PY - 2016 PB - World Scientific Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e8861235-e8b1-4569-aa2e-8d4e9dbc4604 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Printed optically transparent graphene cellulose electrodes DO - 10.1117/12.2208790 AU - Sinar, Dogan AU - Knopf, George K. AU - Nikumb, Suwas AU - Andrushchenko, Anatoly T2 - Proceedings of SPIE: Organic Photonic Materials and Devices T3 - SPIE OPTO, 13 February 2016, San Francisco, California, United States VL - 9745 SP - 974515 SP - 1 EP - 8 KW - Optically transparent electrical conductors KW - Optical transmittance KW - Graphene KW - Carboxymethyl cellulose KW - Thermal reduction KW - AuCl₃ dopant AB - Optically transparent electrodes are a key component in variety of products including bioelectronics, touch screens, flexible displays, low emissivity windows, and photovoltaic cells. Although highly conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films are often used in these electrode applications, the raw material is very expensive and the electrodes often fracture when mechanically stressed. An alternative low-cost material for inkjet printing transparent electrodes on glass and flexible polymer substrates is described in this paper. The water based ink is created by using a hydrophilic cellulose derivative, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), to help suspend the naturally hydrophobic graphene (G) sheets in a solvent composed of 70% DI water and 30% 2-butoxyethanol. The CMC chain has hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional sites which allow adsorption on G sheets and, therefore, permit the graphene to be stabilized in water by electrostatic and steric forces. Once deposited on the functionalized substrate the electrical conductivity of the printed films can be “tuned” by decomposing the cellulose stabilizer using thermal reduction. The entire electrode can be thermally reduced in an oven or portions of the electrode thermally modified using a laser annealing process. The thermal process can reduce the sheet resistance of G-CMC films to < 100 Ω/sq. Experimental studies show that the optical transmittance and sheet resistance of the G-CMC conductive electrode is a dependent on the film thickness (ie. superimposed printed layers). The printed electrodes have also been doped with AuCl₃ to increase electrical conductivity without significantly increasing film thickness and, thereby, maintain high optical transparency. DA - 2016/02/24 PY - 2016 PB - SPIE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d6d3c69c-216e-498d-8c7e-a9995809bab8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-field solid-state ³⁵Cl NMR in selenium(IV) and tellurium(IV) hexachlorides DO - 10.1134/S0022476616020104 AU - Terskikh, V. V. AU - Pawsey, S. AU - Ripmeester, J. A. T2 - Journal of Structural Chemistry SN - 0022-4766 SN - 1573-8779 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 308 EP - 318 KW - ³⁵Cl NMR KW - ³⁵Cl NQR KW - Selenium KW - Tellurium KW - Hexachloride KW - DFT calculations KW - CASTEP NMR AB - We report solid-state ³⁵Cl NMR spectra in three hexachlorides, (NH₄)₂SeCl₆, (NH₄)₂TeCl₆ and Rb₂TeCl₆. The C Q (³⁵Cl) quadrupole coupling constants in the three compounds were found to be 41.4±0.1 MHz, 30.3±0.1 MHz and 30.3±0.1 MHz, respectively, some of the largest C Q (³⁵Cl) quadrupole coupling constants ever measured in polycrystalline powdered solids directly via ³⁵Cl NMR spectroscopy. The ³⁵Cl EFG tensors are axial in all three cases reflecting the C ₄ᵥ point group symmetry of the chlorine sites. ³⁵Cl NMR experiments in these compounds were only made possible by employing the WURST-QCPMG pulse sequence in the ultrahigh magnetic field of 21.1 T. ³⁵Cl NMR results agree with the earlier reported ³⁵Cl NQR values and with the complementary plane-wave DFT calculations. The origin of the very large C Q (³⁵Cl) quadrupole coupling constants in these and other main-group chlorides lies in the covalent-type chlorine bonding. The ionic bonding in the ionic chlorides results in significantly reduced C Q (³⁵Cl) values as illustrated with triphenyltellurium chloride Ph₃TeCl. The high sensitivity of ³⁵Cl NMR to the chlorine coordination environment is demonstrated using tetrachlorohydroxotellurate hydrate K[TeCl₄(OH)]∙0.5H₂O as an example. ¹²⁵Te MAS NMR experiments were performed for tellurium compounds to support ³⁵Cl NMR findings. DA - 2016/03 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ced94e84-cc64-46a6-a416-dacc2056e741 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Review of near-infrared methods for wound assessment DO - 10.1117/1.JBO.21.9.091304 AU - Sowa, Michael G. AU - Kuo, Wen-Chuan AU - Ko, Alex C-T. AU - Armstrong, David G. T2 - Journal of Biomedical Optics SN - 1083-3668 VL - 21 IS - 9 SP - 091304 SP - 1 EP - 18 KW - Fluorescence angiography KW - Optical coherence tomography KW - Photoplethysmography KW - Near-infrared imaging KW - Nonlinear optical imaging KW - Inflammation; KW - Proliferation KW - Remodeling AB - Wound management is a challenging and costly problem that is growing in importance as people are living longer. Instrumental methods are increasingly being relied upon to provide objective measures of wound assessment to help guide management. Technologies that employ near-infrared (NIR) light form a prominent contingent among the existing and emerging technologies. We review some of these technologies. Some are already established, such as indocyanine green fluorescence angiography, while we also speculate on others that have the potential to be clinically relevant to wound monitoring and assessment. These various NIR-based technologies address clinical wound management needs along the entire healing trajectory of a wound. DA - 2016/04/18 PY - 2016 PB - SPIE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f622d2fd-d6fd-477b-9502-e09dd5a4b2d2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhanced experimental testing of new erosion-resistant compressor blade coatings DO - 10.1115/1.4033580 AU - Leithead, Sean G. AU - Allan, William D. E. AU - Zhao, Linruo AU - Yang, Qi T2 - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power SN - 0742-4795 VL - 138 IS - 11 SP - 112603 SP - 1 EP - 12 AB - Performance differences between bare 17-4PH steel V103 profile (NACA 6505 with rounded leading edge (LE) and trailing edge (TE)) gas turbine engine axial compressor blades, and those coated with either a chromium-aluminum-titanium nitride (CrAlTiN) or a titanium-aluminum nitride (TiₓAl₁₋ₓN) erosion-resistant coating were tested. A coating thickness of 16 μm was used, based on experimental results in the literature. Coatings were applied using arc physical vapor deposition at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). All blades were tested under identical operating conditions in the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) turbomachinery erosion rig. Based on a realism factor (RF) defined by the authors, this experimental rig was determined to provide the best known approximation to actual compressor blade erosion in aircraft gas turbine engine axial compressors. An average brown-out erosive media concentration of 4.9 g/m³ of air was used during testing. An overall defined Leithead–Allan–Zhao (LAZ) score metric, based on mass and blade dimension changes, compared the erosion-resistant performance of the bare and coated blades. Blade surface roughness data were also obtained. Based on the LAZ Score, CrAlTiN-coated blades performed at least 79% better than bare blades, and TiₓAl₁₋ₓN-coated blades performed at least 93% better than bare blades. The TiₓAl₁₋ₓN-coated blades performed at least 33% better than the CrAlTiN-coated blades. Extrapolation of results predicted that a V-22 Osprey tiltrotor military aircraft, for example, could fly up to 79 more missions with TiₓAl₁₋ₓN-coated compressor blades in brown-out sand concentrations than with uncoated blades. DA - 2016/06/01 PY - 2016 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7ed48b0b-5177-40b6-9f9e-360c70c3a35a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prediction of burst pressure in multistage tube hydroforming of aerospace alloys DO - 10.1115/1.4032437 AU - Saboori, M. AU - Gholipour, J. AU - Champliaud, H. AU - Wanjara, P. AU - Gakwaya, A. AU - Savoie, J. T2 - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power SN - 0742-4795 VL - 138 IS - 8 SP - 082101 SP - 1 EP - 5 AB - Bursting, an irreversible failure in tube hydroforming (THF), results mainly from the local plastic instabilities that occur when the biaxial stresses imparted during the process exceed the forming limit strains of the material. To predict the burst pressure, Oyan's and Brozzo's decoupled ductile fracture criteria (DFC) were implemented as user material models in a dynamic nonlinear commercial 3D finite-element (FE) software, ls-dyna. THF of a round to V-shape was selected as a generic representative of an aerospace component for the FE simulations and experimental trials. To validate the simulation results, THF experiments up to bursting were carried out using Inconel 718 (IN 718) tubes with a thickness of 0.9 mm to measure the internal pressures during the process. When comparing the experimental and simulation results, the burst pressure predicated based on Oyane's decoupled damage criterion was found to agree better with the measured data for IN 718 than Brozzo's fracture criterion. DA - 2016/03/08 PY - 2016 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 280221d3-9fa2-4e91-a47c-8a0d287ac384 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A discrete stress–strength interference theory-based dynamic supplier selection model for maintenance service outsourcing DO - 10.1109/TEM.2016.2527684 AU - Li, Ling AU - Liu, Min AU - Shen, Weiming AU - Cheng, Guoqing T2 - IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management SN - 0018-9391 SN - 1558-0040 VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 189 EP - 200 KW - Demand fulfillment level KW - Maintenance service outsourcing KW - Stress–strength interference (SSI) theory KW - Supplier reliability KW - Supplier selection AB - Maintenance service outsourcing is a strategic driver for asset intensive industries pursuing the enhancement of supply chain performance. Maintenance service supplier selection plays a relevant role in this premise since its significant impact on equipment availability, and hence, on business success. To periodically review suppliers' performances and update the outsourcing contract, a discrete stress-strength interference (DSSI) theory-based dynamic supplier selection model is presented for maintenance service outsourcing process. Taken account of the influence of randomness and uncertainty, a novel and universal evaluation criterion, demand fulfillment level (DFL) is introduced based on the DSSI theory. DFL is relevant to two random variables, which are random user's service order quantity (stress) and random supplier's service fulfillment quantity (strength), and DFL is defined as the probability that the latter (strength) is larger than the former (stress). Based on DFL, the proposed model can help users outsource the corresponding maintenance service to the most suitable supplier (maximum supplier reliability) at different periods. The decision rule can be described as a dynamic 3-D diagram, according to which decision makers can periodically review suppliers' performances and update the outsourcing contract. A case study on maintenance service supplier selection problem for a steel company illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed model. DA - 2016/03/01 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9a90cbff-9fe9-4e0b-a57f-4f264c4d6c9e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Manufacturability of a printed resistance-based multiplexing scheme for smart drug packaging DO - 10.1109/TCPMT.2016.2516401 AU - Graddage, Neil AU - Ding, Heping AU - Py, Christophe AU - Lee, James AU - Tao, Ye T2 - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology SN - 2156-3950 SN - 2156-3985 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 335 EP - 345 KW - Drugs KW - Electronics packaging KW - Patient monitoring KW - Printed circuit manufacture AB - The efficacy of drug plans can critically depend on patient's adherence to a prescribed intake schedule. Detection of the rupture of blisters in drug packages through circuits printed on the package allows medical practitioners to monitor patient's compliance. In the current state of the art, each blister is overprinted with a conductive track and their rupture is detected by a dedicated pin in a reusable integrated circuit (IC) that records and communicates the results. In this paper, we are reporting on the development of a smart drug package based on the multiplexed detection of printed resistive tracks monitored by an IC with a reduced number of pins, which lowers the cost and the complexity of components and assembly. Using a generalized formalism, it is shown how manufacturing tolerances limit the achievable multiplexing factor. Tests with our chosen screen printing technique allow us to conclude that a factor of 3 is achievable. This was verified by the design and the fabrication of a multiplexed 28-blister package and corresponding interrogation system. A detailed analysis reveals the limits of the technique and points to factors that may reduce variability, and the robustness of the technique is demonstrated by environmental and mechanical tests. This technique is shown to be a viable way of reducing the complexity of integration of printed and conventional electronics. DA - 2016/01/27 PY - 2016 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d16bda2b-8e37-4b26-a31a-b744148f972c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Overcoming power broadening of the quantum dot emission in a pure wurtzite nanowire DO - 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.195316 AU - Reimer, M. E. AU - Bulgarini, G. AU - Fognini, A. AU - Heeres, R. W. AU - Witek, B. J. AU - Versteegh, M. A. M. AU - Rubino, A. AU - Braun, T. AU - Kamp, M. AU - Höfling, S. AU - Dalacu, D. AU - Lapointe, J. AU - Poole, P. J. AU - Zwiller, V. T2 - Physical Review B SN - 2469-9950 SN - 2469-9969 VL - 93 IS - 19 SP - 195316 SP - 1 EP - 9 AB - One of the key challenges in developing quantum networks is to generate single photons with high brightness, purity, and long temporal coherence. Semiconductor quantum dots potentially satisfy these requirements; however, due to imperfections in the surrounding material, the coherence generally degrades with increasing excitation power yielding a broader emission spectrum. Here we overcome this power-broadening regime and demonstrate an enhanced coherence at exciton saturation where the detected count rates are highest. We detect single-photon count rates of 460 000 counts per second under pulsed laser excitation while maintaining a single-photon purity greater than 99%. Importantly, the enhanced coherence is attained with quantum dots in ultraclean wurtzite InP nanowires, where the surrounding charge traps are filled by exciting above the wurtzite InP nanowire band gap. By raising the excitation intensity, the number of possible charge configurations in the quantum dot environment is reduced, resulting in a narrower emission spectrum. Via Monte Carlo simulations we explain the observed narrowing of the emission spectrum with increasing power. Cooling down the sample to 300 mK, we further enhance the single-photon coherence twofold as compared to operation at 4.5 K, resulting in a homogeneous coherence time, T₂, of 1.2 ns, and two-photon interference visibility as high as 83% under strong temporal postselection (∼5% without temporal postselection). DA - 2016/05/25 PY - 2016 PB - American Physical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a5c48e82-c78d-49ca-9896-6e8aaf981dd1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Raman-induced slow-light delay of THz-bandwidth pulses DO - 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.043810 AU - Bustard, Philip J. AU - Heshami, Khabat AU - England, Duncan G. AU - Spanner, Michael AU - Sussman, Benjamin J. T2 - Physical Review A SN - 2469-9926 SN - 2469-9934 VL - 93 IS - 4 SP - 043810 AB - We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme to generate optically controlled delays based on off-resonant Raman absorption. Dispersion in a transparency window between two neighboring, optically activated Raman absorption lines is used to reduce the group velocity of broadband 765 nm pulses. We implement this approach in a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) waveguide at room temperature, and demonstrate Raman-induced delays of up to 140 fs for a 650-fs duration, 1.8-THz bandwidth, pulse. Our approach should be applicable to single-photon signals, offers wavelength tunability, and is a step toward processing ultrafast photons. DA - 2016/04/06 PY - 2016 PB - American Physical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5ccb84b2-0cdc-4835-a7bd-e167ece89a9d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elevated leukocyte azurophilic enzymes in human diabetic ketoacidosis plasma degrade cerebrovascular endothelial junctional proteins DO - 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001720 AU - Woo, Martin M. H. AU - Patterson, Eric K. AU - Clarson, Cheril AU - Cepinskas, Gediminas AU - Bani-Yaghoub, Mahmud AU - Stanimirovic, Danica B. AU - Fraser, Douglas D. T2 - Critical Care Medicine SN - 0090-3493 KW - Blood-brain barrier KW - Children KW - Diabetic ketoacidosis KW - Leukocytes KW - Proteinase-3 KW - Vasogenic cerebral edema AB - OBJECTIVE: Diabetic ketoacidosis in children is associated with vasogenic cerebral edema, possibly due to the release of destructive polymorphonuclear neutrophil azurophilic enzymes. Our objectives were to measure plasma azurophilic enzyme levels in children with diabetic ketoacidosis, to correlate plasma azurophilic enzyme levels with diabetic ketoacidosis severity, and to determine whether azurophilic enzymes disrupt the blood-brain barrier in vitro. DESIGN: Prospective clinical and laboratory study. SETTING: The Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre. SUBJECTS: Pediatric type 1 diabetes patients; acute diabetic ketoacidosis or age-/sex-matched insulin-controlled. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Acute diabetic ketoacidosis in children was associated with elevated polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Plasma azurophilic enzymes were elevated in diabetic ketoacidosis patients, including human leukocyte elastase (p < 0.001), proteinase-3 (p < 0.01), and myeloperoxidase (p < 0.001). A leukocyte origin of human leukocyte elastase and proteinase-3 in diabetic ketoacidosis was confirmed with buffy coat quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (p < 0.01). Of the three azurophilic enzymes elevated, only proteinase-3 levels correlated with diabetic ketoacidosis severity (p = 0.002). Recombinant proteinase-3 applied to human brain microvascular endothelial cells degraded both the tight junction protein occludin (p < 0.05) and the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin (p < 0.05). Permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers was increased by recombinant proteinase-3 application (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with systemic polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation and degranulation. Of all the polymorphonuclear neutrophil azurophilic enzymes examined, only proteinase-3 correlated with diabetic ketoacidosis severity and potently degraded the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Proteinase-3 might mediate vasogenic edema during diabetic ketoacidosis, and selective proteinase-3 antagonists may offer future vascular- and neuroprotection. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Lippincott Williams and Wilkins LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2f0f7fc9-27f4-43f8-bdf5-db50e8196c0d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Brain penetration, target engagement, and disposition of the blood-brain barrier-crossing bispecific antibody antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 DO - 10.1096/fj.201500078 AU - Webster, Carl I. AU - Caram-Salas, Nadia AU - Haqqani, Arsalan S. AU - Thom, George AU - Brown, Lee AU - Rennie, Kerry AU - Yogi, Alvaro AU - Costain, Willard AU - Brunette, Eric AU - Stanimirovic, Danica B. T2 - The FASEB Journal SN - 0892-6638 SN - 1530-6860 VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 1927 EP - 1940 KW - Pain KW - Receptor-mediated transcytosis KW - Brain endothelial cells KW - Mass spectrometry AB - Receptor mediated transcytosis harnessing the cellular uptake and transport of natural ligands across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) has been identified as a means for antibody delivery to the CNS. In this study, we characterized bispecific antibodies in which a BBB-crossing antibody fragment FC5 was used as a BBB carrier. Cargo antibodies were either a high-affinity, selective antibody antagonist of the metabotropic glutamate receptor-1 (BBB-mGluR1), a widely abundant CNS target, or an IgG that does not bind the CNS target (BBB-NiP). Both BBB-NiP and BBB-mGluR1 demonstrated a similar 20-fold enhanced rate of transcytosis across an in vitro BBB model compared with mGluR1 IgG fused to a control antibody fragment. All 3 bispecific antibodies exhibited identical pharmacokinetics in vivo. Comparative assessment of BBB-NiP and BBB-mGluR1 revealed that, whereas their serum pharmacokinetics and BBB penetration were identical, their central disposition (brain levels) and elimination (cerebrospinal fluid levels) were widely different, due to central target-mediated removal of the mGluR1-engaging antibody. Central mGluR1 target engagement after systemic administration was demonstrated by a dose-dependent inhibition of mGluR-1-mediated thermal hyperalgesia and by colocalization of the antibody with thalamic neurons involved in mGluR1-mediated pain processing. We demonstrate the feasibility of targeting central G-protein-coupled receptors using a BBB-crossing bispecific antibody approach and emerging principles that govern brain distribution and disposition of these antibodies. These data will be important for designing safe and selective CNS antibody therapeutics. DA - 2016/02/02 PY - 2016 PB - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 73a5d42c-7e5f-4e65-836d-407585a2631b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Far-infrared and sub-millimetre imaging of HD 76582's circumstellar disc DO - 10.1093/mnras/stw813 AU - Marshall, Jonathan P. AU - Booth, Mark AU - Holland, Wayne AU - Matthews, Brenda C. AU - Greaves, Jane S. AU - Zuckerman, Ben T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 459 IS - 3 SP - 2893 EP - 2904 KW - Circumstellar matter KW - Individual stars KW - HD 76582 KW - Planetary systems AB - Debris discs, the tenuous rocky and icy remnants of planet formation, are believed to be evidence for planetary systems around other stars. The JCMT/SCUBA-2 debris disc legacy survey ‘SCUBA-2 Observations of Nearby Stars’ (SONS) observed 100 nearby stars, amongst them HD 76582, for evidence of such material. Here, we present imaging observations by JCMT/SCUBA-2 and Herschel/PACS at sub-millimetre and far-infrared wavelengths, respectively. We simultaneously model the ensemble of photometric and imaging data, spanning optical to sub-millimetre wavelengths, in a self-consistent manner. At far-infrared wavelengths, we find extended emission from the circumstellar disc providing a strong constraint on the dust spatial location in the outer system, although the angular resolution is too poor to constrain the interior of the system. In the sub-millimetre, photometry at 450 and 850 μm reveals a steep fall-off that we interpret as a disc dominated by moderately sized dust grains (amin = 36 μm), perhaps indicative of a non-steady-state collisional cascade within the disc. A disc architecture of three distinct annuli, comprising an unresolved component at 20 au and outer components at 80 and 270 au, along with a very steep particle size distribution (γ = 5), is proposed to match the observations. DA - 2016/04/08 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 16bb3c18-923c-47ea-bf3c-6346cf733098 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The extended disc and halo of the Andromeda galaxy observed with Spitzer-IRAC DO - 10.1093/mnras/stw652 AU - Rafiei Ravandi, Masoud AU - Barmby, Pauline AU - Ashby, Matthew L. N. AU - Laine, Seppo AU - Davidge, T. J. AU - Zhang, Jenna AU - Bianchi, Luciana AU - Babul, Arif AU - Chapman, S. C. T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 459 IS - 2 SP - 1403 EP - 1414 KW - Individual galaxies KW - M31 KW - spiral galaxies KW - stellar content KW - infrared galaxies AB - We present the first results from an extended survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) using 41.1 h of observations by Spitzer-IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 µm. This survey extends previous observations to the outer disc and halo, covering total lengths of 4°.4 and 6°.6 along the minor and major axes, respectively. We have produced surface brightness profiles by combining the integrated light from background-corrected maps with stellar counts from a new catalogue of point sources. Using auxiliary catalogues, we have carried out a statistical analysis in colour–magnitude space to discriminate M31 objects from foreground Milky Way stars and background galaxies. The catalogue includes 426 529 sources, of which 66 per cent have been assigned probability values to identify M31 objects with magnitude depths of [3.6] = 19.0 ± 0.2, [4.5] = 18.7 ± 0.2. We discuss applications of our data for constraining the stellar mass and characterizing point sources in the outer radii. DA - 2016/03/20 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3c4f4a72-f7c3-4888-82a6-02eedcb2b474 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A census of dense cores in the Taurus L1495 cloud from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey DO - 10.1093/mnras/stw301 AU - Marsh, K. A. AU - Kirk, J. M. AU - André, Ph. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Könyves, V. AU - Palmeirim, P. AU - Men'shchikov, A. AU - Ward-Thompson, D. AU - Benedettini, M. AU - Bresnahan, D. W. AU - Di Francesco, J. AU - Elia, D. AU - Motte, F. AU - Peretto, N. AU - Pezzuto, S. AU - Roy, A. AU - Sadavoy, S. AU - Schneider, N. AU - Spinoglio, L. AU - White, G. J. T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 459 IS - 1 SP - 342 EP - 356 KW - Stars formation KW - Luminosity function KW - Mass function KW - ISM clouds KW - ISM individual objects KW - L1495 KW - local interstellar matter KW - submillimetre AB - We present a catalogue of dense cores in a ∼4° × 2° field of the Taurus star-forming region, inclusive of the L1495 cloud, derived from Herschel SPIRE and PACS observations in the 70 μm, 160 μm, 250 μm, 350 μm, and 500 μm continuum bands. Estimates of mean dust temperature and total mass are derived using modified blackbody fits to the spectral energy distributions. We detect 525 starless cores of which ∼10–20 per cent are gravitationally bound and therefore presumably prestellar. Our census of unbound objects is ∼85 per cent complete for M > 0.015 M⊙ in low-density regions (AV ≲ 5 mag), while the bound (prestellar) subset is ∼85 per cent complete for M > 0.1 M⊙ overall. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) is consistent with lognormal form, resembling the stellar system initial mass function, as has been reported previously. All of the inferred prestellar cores lie on filamentary structures whose column densities exceed the expected threshold for filamentary collapse, in agreement with previous reports. Unlike the prestellar CMF, the unbound starless CMF is not lognormal, but instead is consistent with a power-law form below 0.3 M⊙ and shows no evidence for a low-mass turnover. It resembles previously reported mass distributions for CO clumps at low masses (M ≲ 0.3 M⊙). The volume density PDF, however, is accurately lognormal except at high densities. It is consistent with the effects of self-gravity on magnetized supersonic turbulence. The only significant deviation from lognormality is a high-density tail which can be attributed unambiguously to prestellar cores. DA - 2016/02/10 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 70b2dde6-d187-4e33-950b-9b1346a40ce6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deep feature selection: theory and application to identify enhancers and promoters DO - 10.1089/cmb.2015.0189 AU - Li, Yifeng AU - Chen, Chih-Yu AU - Wasserman, Wyeth W. T2 - Journal of Computational Biology SN - 1066-5277 SN - 1557-8666 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 322 EP - 336 KW - Deep feature selection KW - Deep learning KW - Enhancer KW - Promoter AB - Sparse linear models approximate target variable(s) by a sparse linear combination of input variables. Since they are simple, fast, and able to select features, they are widely used in classification and regression. Essentially they are shallow feed-forward neural networks that have three limitations: (1) incompatibility to model nonlinearity of features, (2) inability to learn high-level features, and (3) unnatural extensions to select features in a multiclass case. Deep neural networks are models structured by multiple hidden layers with nonlinear activation functions. Compared with linear models, they have two distinctive strengths: the capability to (1) model complex systems with nonlinear structures and (2) learn high-level representation of features. Deep learning has been applied in many large and complex systems where deep models significantly outperform shallow ones. However, feature selection at the input level, which is very helpful to understand the nature of a complex system, is still not well studied. In genome research, the cis-regulatory elements in noncoding DNA sequences play a key role in the expression of genes. Since the activity of regulatory elements involves highly interactive factors, a deep tool is strongly needed to discover informative features. In order to address the above limitations of shallow and deep models for selecting features of a complex system, we propose a deep feature selection (DFS) model that (1) takes advantages of deep structures to model nonlinearity and (2) conveniently selects a subset of features right at the input level for multiclass data. Simulation experiments convince us that this model is able to correctly identify both linear and nonlinear features. We applied this model to the identification of active enhancers and promoters by integrating multiple sources of genomic information. Results show that our model outperforms elastic net in terms of size of discriminative feature subset and classification accuracy. DA - 2016/01/22 PY - 2016 PB - Mary Ann Liebert LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a3e7d7b1-dc03-4ce9-8d7e-0f7608d711ae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time delay in molecular photoionization DO - 10.1088/0953-4075/49/9/095602 AU - Hockett, P. AU - Frumker, E. AU - Villeneuve, D. M. AU - Corkum, P. B. T2 - Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics SN - 0953-4075 SN - 1361-6455 VL - 49 IS - 9 SP - 095602 SP - 1 EP - 11 KW - Attosecond KW - Photoionization KW - Wigner delay KW - Angle-resolved KW - Molecular AB - Time-delays in the photoionization of molecules are investigated. As compared to atomic ionization, the time-delays expected from molecular ionization present a much richer phenomenon, with a strong spatial dependence due to the anisotropic nature of the molecular scattering potential. We investigate this from a scattering theory perspective, and make use of molecular photoionization calculations to examine this effect in representative homonuclear and hetronuclear diatomic molecules, nitrogen and carbon monoxide. We present energy and angle-resolved maps of the Wigner delay time for single-photon valence ionization, and discuss the possibilities for experimental measurements. DA - 2016/04/22 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d5237744-9312-4ecb-8ae2-ca9d93add431 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optical quantum memory for ultrafast photons using molecular alignment DO - 10.1080/09500340.2016.1181218 AU - Thekkadath, G. S. AU - Heshami, K. AU - England, D. G. AU - Bustard, P. J. AU - Sussman, B. J. AU - Spanner, M. T2 - Journal of Modern Optics SN - 0950-0340 SN - 1362-3044 SP - 1 EP - 8 KW - Photonic memory KW - Quantum memory KW - Molecular alignment AB - The absorption of broadband photons in atomic ensembles requires either an effective broadening of the atomic transition linewidth, or an off-resonance Raman interaction. Here, we propose a scheme for a quantum memory capable of storing and retrieving ultrafast photons in an ensemble of two-level atoms using a propagation medium with a time–dependent refractive index generated from aligning an ensemble of gas-phase diatomic molecules. The refractive index dynamics generates an effective longitudinal inhomogeneous broadening of the two-level transition. We numerically demonstrate this scheme for storage and retrieval of a weak pulse as short as 50 fs, with a storage time of up to 20 ps. With additional optical control of the molecular alignment dynamics, the storage time can be extended about one nanosecond leading to time–bandwidth products of order 10⁴. This scheme could in principle be achieved using either a hollow-core fibre or a high-pressure gas cell, in a gaseous host medium comprised of diatomic molecules and a two-level atomic vapour at room temperature. DA - 2016/05/10 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 4e1882da-704f-4576-b2da-b9f511501387 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quality control assessment of the Mission Airborne Carbon 13 (MAC-13) hyperspectral imagery from Costa Rica DO - 10.1080/07038992.2016.1160771 AU - Kalacska, Margaret AU - Arroyo-Mora, J. Pablo AU - Soffer, Raymond AU - Leblanc, George T2 - Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing SN - 0703-8992 SN - 1712-7971 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 85 EP - 105 AB - A data quality assessment of airborne hyperspectral imagery (HSI) from Mission Airborne Carbon 2013 (MAC13) is presented. Because data quality is fundamentally important for modeling landscape biophysical characteristics from HSI, this article presents an assessment related to spectral alignment, spectroradiometric calibration, and geocorrection for 2,700 km² of imagery acquired with the CASI-1500 and SASI-644 systems (375 nm – 2523 nm, 2.5 m resampled pixel size). MODIS, in-situ and image-based estimations of aerosol optical depth are compared for calculations of visibility for atmospheric correction. Information content (dimensionality) across the 5 ecosystems and 2 developed areas are also compared to illustrate the benefit of the extensive spectral resolution of the data. New approaches to the offset corrections of the imagery improved the accuracy of the calibrated results (radiance and reflectance). Assessment of visibility values applied to the atmospheric correction adduced that apparent reflectance computed using in-scene modeled visibility produced the most similar results to ground spectra. Dimensionality analysis revealed increased information content for all ecosystems when both sensors were considered. While not every HSI issue can be completely compensated for, an appreciation of common artifacts allows users to make more informed decision about their impact on planned analysis. AB - Une évaluation de la qualité des données de l’imagerie hyperspectrale «hyperspectral imagery» (HSI) aéroportée de la Mission Airborne Carbon 2013 (MAC13) est présentée. Parce que la qualité des données est d’une importance fondamentale pour la modélisation des caractéristiques biophysiques du paysage à partir de HSI, ce document présente une évaluation liée à l’alignement spectral, l’étalonnage spectroradiométrique, et la géocorrection pour 2,700 km²2 d’images acquises avec le CASI-1500 et le SASI-644 (375 nm – 2523 nm, 2.5 m taille des pixels rééchantillonnés). Les estimations de l’épaisseur optique des aérosols basées soit sur MODIS, soit sur les données in situ ou soit sur l’imagerie sont comparées pour les calculs de la visibilité pour la correction atmosphérique. Le contenu de l’information (dimensionnalité) dans les 5 écosystèmes et les 2 régions développées est également comparé afin d’illustrer l’avantage de la résolution spectrale importante des données. De nouvelles approches pour les corrections de décalage de l’imagerie ont amélioré la précision des résultats calibrés (luminance et réflectance). L’évaluation des valeurs de visibilité appliquée à la correction atmosphérique montre que la réflectance apparente calculée en utilisant la visibilité modélisée dans la scène a produit les résultats les plus semblables aux spectres mesurés sur le terrain. L’analyse de la dimensionnalité a révélé l’augmentation du contenu de l’information pour tous les écosystèmes lorsque les deux capteurs étaient considérés. Bien que certains problèmes d’étalonnage de HSI ne puissent être complètement corrigés, une meilleure compréhension des problèmes les plus communs permet aux utilisateurs de prendre des décisions éclairées au sujet de l’impact qu’ils peuvent avoir sur l’analyse planifiée. DA - 2016/03/10 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 6479df10-3a57-405b-806a-10c8a5581358 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-frequency operation of a mid-infrared interband cascade system at room temperature DO - 10.1063/1.4950700 AU - Lotfi, Hossein AU - Li, Lu AU - Lei, Lin AU - Ye, Hao AU - Shazzad Rassel, S. M. AU - Jiang, Yuchao AU - Yang, Rui Q. AU - Mishima, Tetsuya D. AU - Santos, Michael B. AU - Gupta, James A. AU - Johnson, Matthew B. T2 - Applied Physics Letters SN - 0003-6951 SN - 1077-3118 VL - 108 IS - 20 SP - 201101 SP - 1 EP - 5 KW - Capacitance KW - High temperature instruments KW - Current density KW - Diffusion KW - Low temperature detectors AB - The high-frequency operation of a mid-infrared interband cascade system that consists of a type-I interband cascade laser and an uncooled interband cascade infrared photodetector (ICIP) is demonstrated at room temperature. The 3-dB bandwidth of this system under direct frequency modulation was ∼850 MHz. A circuit model was developed to analyze the high-frequency characteristics. The extracted 3-dB bandwidth for an uncooled ICIP was ∼1.3 GHz, signifying the great potential of interband cascade structures for high-speed applications. The normalized Johnson-noise-limited detectivity of these ICIPs exceeded 10⁹ cm Hz½/W at 300 K. These results validate the advantage of ICIPs to achieve both high speed and high sensitivity at high temperatures. DA - 2016/05/16 PY - 2016 PB - American Institute of Physics LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : baa0f795-d7d1-4c11-a225-5d6c46dd2cf9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Herschel detects oxygen in the β Pictoris debris disk DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201628395 AU - Brandeker, A. AU - Cataldi, G. AU - Olofsson, G. AU - Vandenbussche, B. AU - Acke, B. AU - Barlow, M. J. AU - Blommaert, J. A. D. L. AU - Cohen, M. AU - Dent, W. R. F. AU - Dominik, C. AU - Di Francesco, J. AU - Fridlund, M. AU - Gear, W. K. AU - Glauser, A. M. AU - Greaves, J. S. AU - Harvey, P. M. AU - Heras, A. M. AU - Hogerheijde, M. R. AU - Holland, W. S. AU - Huygen, R. AU - Ivison, R. J. AU - Leeks, S. J. AU - Lim, T. L. AU - Liseau, R. AU - Matthews, B. C. AU - Pantin, E. AU - Pilbratt, G. L. AU - Royer, P. AU - Sibthorpe, B. AU - Waelkens, C. AU - Walker, H. J. T2 - Astronomy & Astrophysics SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 591 SP - A27 SP - 1 EP - 6 KW - Early-type stars KW - Individual stars KW - beta Pictoris KW - circumstellar matter AB - The young star β Pictoris is well known for its dusty debris disk produced through collisional grinding of planetesimals, kilometre-sized bodies in orbit around the star. In addition to dust, small amounts of gas are also known to orbit the star; this gas is likely the result of vaporisation of violently colliding dust grains. The disk is seen edge on and from previous absorption spectroscopy we know that the gas is very rich in carbon relative to other elements. The oxygen content has been more difficult to assess, however, with early estimates finding very little oxygen in the gas at a C/O ratio that is 20 × higher than the cosmic value. A C/O ratio that high is difficult to explain and would have far-reaching consequences for planet formation. Here we report on observations by the far-infrared space telescope Herschel, using PACS, of emission lines from ionised carbon and neutral oxygen. The detected emission from C⁺ is consistent withthat previously reported observed by the HIFI instrument on Herschel, while the emission from O is hard to explain without assuming a higher density region in the disk, perhaps in the shape of a clump or a dense torus required to sufficiently excite the O atoms. A possible scenario is that the C/O gas is produced by the same process responsible for the CO clump recently observed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in the disk and that the redistribution of the gas takes longer than previously assumed. A more detailed estimate of the C/O ratio and the mass of O will have to await better constraints on the C/O gas spatial distribution. DA - 2016/06/06 PY - 2016 PB - EDP Sciences LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 78ce62ec-668d-46f9-8d5a-fe75c1743310 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dust emissivity in the star-forming filament OMC 2/3 DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201527364 AU - Sadavoy, S. I. AU - Stutz, A. M. AU - Schnee, S. AU - Mason, B. S. AU - Di Francesco, J. AU - Friesen, R. K. T2 - Astronomy & Astrophysics SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 588 SP - A30 SP - 1 EP - 11 KW - Star formation KW - Star dust KW - Star extinction KW - ISM clouds AB - We present new measurements of the dust emissivity index, β, for the high-mass, star-forming OMC 2/3 filament. We combined 160−500 μm data from Herschel with long-wavelength observations at 2 mm and fit the spectral energy distributions across a ≃2 pc long, continuous section of OMC 2/3 at 15 000 AU (0.08 pc) resolution. With these data, we measured β and reconstructed simultaneously the filtered-out large-scale emission at 2 mm. We implemented both variable and fixed values of β, finding that β = 1.7−1.8 provides the best fit across most of OMC 2/3. These β values are consistent with a similar analysis carried out with filtered Herschel data. Thus, we show that β values derived from spatial filtered emission maps agree well with those values from unfiltered data at the same resolution. Our results contradict the very low β values (~0.9) previously measured in OMC 2/3 between 1.2 mm and 3.3 mm data, which we attribute to elevated fluxes in the 3.3 mm observations. Therefore, we find no evidence of rapid, extensive dust grain growth in OMC 2/3. Future studies with Herschel data and complementary ground-based long-wavelength data can apply our technique to obtain reliable determinations of β in nearby cold molecular clouds. DA - 2016/03/14 PY - 2016 PB - EDP Sciences LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ec15fe60-3ac8-4a75-8b72-7c4393c33aca ER - TY - JOUR TI - Water in star-forming regions with Herschel(WISH) DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201525835 AU - Benz, A. O. AU - Bruderer, S. AU - van Dishoeck, E. F. AU - Melchior, M. AU - Wampfler, S. F. AU - van der Tak, F. AU - Goicoechea, J. R. AU - Indriolo, N. AU - Kristensen, L. E. AU - Lis, D. C. AU - Mottram, J. C. AU - Bergin, E. A. AU - Caselli, P. AU - Herpin, F. AU - Hogerheijde, M. R. AU - Johnstone, D. AU - Liseau, R. AU - Nisini, B. AU - Tafalla, M. AU - Visser, R. AU - Wyrowski, F. T2 - Astronomy & Astrophysics SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 590 SP - A105 SP - 1 EP - 38 KW - Star formation KW - Low-mass stars KW - Massive stars KW - ISM molecules KW - Astrochemistry KW - ISM ultraviolet AB - CONTEXT: Hydrides are simple compounds containing one or a few hydrogen atoms bonded to a heavier atom. They are fundamental precursor molecules in cosmic chemistry and many hydride ions have become observable in high quality for the first time thanks to the Herschel Space Observatory. Ionized hydrides such as CH⁺ and OH⁺ (and also HCO⁺), which affect the chemistry of molecules such as water, provide complementary information on irradiation by far-UV (FUV) or X-rays and gas temperature. AIMS: We explore hydrides of the most abundant heavier elements in an observational survey covering young stellar objects (YSOs) with different mass and evolutionary state. The focus is on hydrides associated with the dense protostellar envelope and outflows, contrary to previous work that focused on hydrides in diffuse foreground clouds. METHODS: Twelve YSOs were observed with HIFI on Herschel in six spectral settings providing fully velocity-resolved line profiles as part of the Water in star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) program. The YSOs include objects of low (Class 0 and I), intermediate, and high mass, with luminosities ranging from 4 L⊙ to 2 × 105 L⊙. RESULTS: The targeted lines of CH⁺, OH⁺, H₂O⁺+, C⁺, and CH are detected mostly in blue-shifted absorption. H₃O⁺ and SH⁺ are detected in emission and only toward some high-mass objects. The observed line parameters and correlations suggest two different origins related to gas entrained by the outflows and to the circumstellar envelope. The derived column densities correlate with bolometric luminosity and envelope mass for all molecules, best for CH, CH⁺, and HCO⁺. The column density ratios of CH⁺/OH⁺ are estimated from chemical slab models, assuming that the H₂ density is given by the specific density model of each object at the beam radius. For the low-mass YSOs the observed ratio can be reproduced for an FUV flux of 2–400 times the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) at the location of the molecules. In two high-mass objects, the UV flux is 20–200 times the ISRF derived from absorption lines, and 300–600 ISRF using emission lines. Upper limits for the X-ray luminosity can be derived from H₃O⁺ observations for some low-mass objects. CONCLUSIONS: If the FUV flux required for low-mass objects originates at the central protostar, a substantial FUV luminosity, up to 1.5 L⊙, is required. There is no molecular evidence for X-ray induced chemistry in the low-mass objects on the observed scales of a few 1000 AU. For high-mass regions, the FUV flux required to produce the observed molecular ratios is smaller than the unattenuated flux expected from the central object(s) at the Herschel beam radius. This is consistent with an FUV flux reduced by circumstellar extinction or by bloating of the protostar. DA - 2016/05/24 PY - 2016 PB - EDP Sciences LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5422f3f2-cbda-4819-9952-b912b9b37b27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disc colours in field and cluster spiral galaxies at 0.5 ≲z ≲ 0.8 DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201525801 AU - Cantale, Nicolas AU - Jablonka, Pascale AU - Courbin, Frédéric AU - Rudnick, Gregory AU - Zaritsky, Dennis AU - Meylan, Georges AU - Desai, Vandana AU - De Lucia, Gabriella AU - Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso AU - Poggianti, Bianca M. AU - Finn, Rose AU - Simard, Luc T2 - Astronomy & Astrophysics SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 589 SP - A82 SP - 1 EP - 13 KW - Data analysis methods KW - Galaxy clusters KW - Galaxy evolution AB - We present a detailed study of the colours of late-type galaxy discs for ten of the EDisCS galaxy clusters with 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 0.8. Our cluster sample contains 172 spiral galaxies, and our control sample is composed of 96 field disc galaxies. We deconvolved their ground-based V and I images obtained with FORS2 at the VLT with initial spatial resolutions between 0.4 and 0.8 arcsec to achieve a final resolution of 0.1 arcsec with 0.05 arcsec pixels, which is close to the resolution of the ACS at the HST. After removing the central region of each galaxy to avoid pollution by the bulges, we measured the V−I colours of the discs. We find that 50% of cluster spiral galaxies have disc V−I colours redder by more than 1σ of the mean colours of their field counterparts. This is well above the 16% expected for a normal distribution centred on the field disc properties. The prominence of galaxies with red discs depends neither on the mass of their parent cluster nor on the distance of the galaxies to the cluster cores. Passive spiral galaxies constitute 20% of our sample. These systems are not abnormally dusty. They are are made of old stars and are located on the cluster red sequences. Another 24% of our sample is composed of galaxies that are still active and star forming, but less so than galaxies with similar morphologies in the field. These galaxies are naturally located in the blue sequence of their parent cluster colour–magnitude diagrams. The reddest of the discs in clusters must have stopped forming stars more than ~5 Gyr ago. Some of them are found among infalling galaxies, suggesting preprocessing. Our results confirm that galaxies are able to continue forming stars for some significant period of time after being accreted into clusters, and suggest that star formation can decline on seemingly long (1 to 5 Gyr) timescales. DA - 2016/04/18 PY - 2016 PB - EDP Sciences LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 82d47f8d-863f-49e7-868b-e4e585db53ec ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selective occupancy of methane by cage symmetry in TBAB ionic clathrate hydrate DO - 10.1039/C6CC00264A AU - Muromachi, Sanehiro AU - Udachin, Konstantin A. AU - Alavi, Saman AU - Ohmura, Ryo AU - Ripmeester, John A. T2 - Chemical Communications SN - 1359-7345 SN - 1364-548X VL - 52 IS - 32 SP - 5621 EP - 5624 AB - Methane trapped in the two distinct dodecahedral cages of the ionic clathrate hydrate of TBAB was studied by single crystal XRD and MD simulation. The relative CH₄ occupancies over the cage types were opposite to those of CO₂, which illustrates the interplay between the cage symmetry and guest shape and dynamics, and thus the gas selectivity. DA - 2016/03/17 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0fc1052f-9f3f-4a56-bbdb-f18a1e1a0919 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determination of underivatized amino acids in microsamples of a yeast nutritional supplement by LC-MS following microwave assisted acid hydrolysis DO - 10.1039/C6AY00407E AU - Aviram, Lilach Yishai AU - McCooeye, Margaret AU - Mester, Zoltan T2 - Analytical Methods SN - 1759-9660 SN - 1759-9679 VL - 8 IS - 22 SP - 4497 EP - 4503 AB - In this paper we describe a rapid method for microscale microwave assisted acid hydrolysis followed by quantitative amino acid analysis, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry UPLC-ESI-MS (QTOF) without derivatization. Such an approach allows substantial decrease in the amount of yeast sample (less than 1 mg) required for effective analysis. The vapor phase hydrolysis approach was compared to condensed phase hydrolysis and all the microwave parameters were optimized for 16 amino acids. Separation was achieved on a BEH C-18 column. Limits of detection and quantitation (LODs/LOQs), using standard solutions, were in the sub-ppb range. The method was successfully applied to the determination and quantitation of methionine and selenomethionine by isotope dilution and standard addition methods in yeast on a yeast certified reference material sample. DA - 2016/05/04 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c337c563-9ee2-4f32-a5bd-a1df661582aa ER - TY - JOUR TI - AFM force indentation analysis on leukemia cells DO - 10.1039/C6AY00131A AU - Fortier, Hélène AU - Variola, Fabio AU - Wang, Chen AU - Zou, Shan T2 - Analytical Methods SN - 1759-9660 SN - 1759-9679 VL - 8 IS - 22 SP - 4421 EP - 4431 AB - A significant body of literature has reported strategies and techniques to assess the mechanical properties of biological samples such as proteins, cellular and tissue systems. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to detect elasticity changes of cancer cells. However, only a few studies have provided a detailed and complete protocol of the experimental procedures and data analysis methods for non-adherent blood cancer cells. In this work, the elasticity of NB4 cells derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was probed by AFM indentation measurements to investigate the effects of the disease on cellular biomechanics. Understanding how leukemia influences the nanomechanical properties of cells is expected to provide a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms associated with cancer, and promises to become a valuable new tool for cancer detection and staging. In this context, the quantification of the mechanical properties of APL cells requires a systematic and optimized approach for data collection and analysis in order to generate reproducible and comparative data. This report elucidates the automated data analysis process that integrates programming, force curve collection and analysis optimization to assess variations of cell elasticity in response to processing criteria. A processing algorithm was developed to automatically analyze large numbers of AFM datasets in an efficient and accurate manner. In fact, since the analysis involves multiple steps that must be repeated for many individual cells, an automated and unbiased processing approach is essential to precisely determine cell elasticity. Different fitting models for extracting the Young’s modulus have been systematically applied to validate the process, and the best fitting criteria, such as the contact point location and indentation length, have been determined in order to obtain consistent results. The designed automated processing code described in this report not only permits us to correlate alterations in cellular biomechanics to cancer cell maturity, but also to assess drug-induced changes in cell elasticity for drug screening purposes. DA - 2016/05/16 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d4eec980-1a1c-45a2-891a-2e8f0ed64f14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A large-scale synthesis of heteroatom (N and S) co-doped hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) derived from polyquaternium for superior oxygen reduction reactivity DO - 10.1039/C5GC02625C AU - Wu, Mingjie AU - Qiao, Jinli AU - Li, Kaixi AU - Zhou, Xuejun AU - Liu, Yuyu AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - Green Chem. SN - 1463-9262 SN - 1463-9270 VL - 18 IS - 9 SP - 2699 EP - 2709 AB - A simple, large-scale and green synthetic route is demonstrated for the preparation of polyquaternium derived heteroatom (N and S) co-doped hierarchically porous carbon (HPC). Our protocol allows for the simultaneous optimization of both porous structures and surface functionalities of (N and S) co-doped carbon (N–S-HPC). As a result, the obtained N–S-HPC shows a superior catalytic ORR performance to the commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline media, including high catalytic activity, remarkable long-term stability and strong methanol tolerance. Even in acidic media where most non-precious metal catalysts suffer from high overpotential and low durability, our N–S-HPC exhibits an amazing ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.73 V, and 40% enhanced limited diffusion-current density when compared to the Pt/C catalyst. Particularly, when used for constructing a zinc–air battery cathode, such an N–S-HPC catalyst can give a discharge peak power density as high as 536 mW cm⁻². At 1.0 V of cell voltage, a current density of 317 mA cm⁻² is achieved. This performance is superior to all reported non-precious metal catalysts in the literature for zinc–air batteries and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art platinum-based catalyst. DA - 2016/01/05 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 054e57dc-e1f7-4320-a773-23a99b611638 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermally insensitive determination of the linewidth broadening factor in nanostructured semiconductor lasers using optical injection locking DO - 10.1038/srep27825 AU - Wang, Cheng AU - Schires, Kevin AU - Osiński, Marek AU - Poole, Philip J. AU - Grillot, Frédéric T2 - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - 27825 SP - 1 EP - 8 KW - Diode lasers KW - Semiconductor lasers AB - In semiconductor lasers, current injection not only provides the optical gain, but also induces variation of the refractive index, as governed by the Kramers-Krönig relation. The linear coupling between the changes of the effective refractive index and the modal gain is described by the linewidth broadening factor, which is responsible for many static and dynamic features of semiconductor lasers. Intensive efforts have been made to characterize this factor in the past three decades. In this paper, we propose a simple, flexible technique for measuring the linewidth broadening factor of semiconductor lasers. It relies on the stable optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers, and the linewidth broadening factor is extracted from the residual side-modes, which are supported by the amplified spontaneous emission. This new technique has great advantages of insensitivity to thermal effects, the bias current, and the choice of injection-locked mode. In addition, it does not require the explicit knowledge of optical injection conditions, including the injection strength and the frequency detuning. The standard deviation of the measurements is less than 15%. DA - 2016/06/15 PY - 2016 PB - Nature Publishing Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d685ba98-eae9-4812-ae6b-c1898cc2212b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Full characterization of an attosecond pulse generated using an infrared driver DO - 10.1038/srep26771 AU - Zhang, Chunmei AU - Brown, Graham G. AU - Kim, Kyung Taec AU - Villeneuve, D. M. AU - Corkum, P. B. T2 - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - 26771 SP - 1 EP - 6 AB - The physics of attosecond pulse generation requires using infrared driving wavelength to reach the soft X-rays. However, with longer driving wavelength, the harmonic conversion efficiency drops significantly. It makes the conventional attosecond pulse measurement using streaking very difficult due to the low photoionization cross section in the soft X-rays region. In-situ measurement was developed for precisely this purpose. We use in-situ measurement to characterize, in both space and time, an attosecond pulse produced by ultrafast wavefront rotation of a 1.8 μm fundamental beam. We confirm what models suggest – that each beamlet is an isolated attosecond pulse in the time domain. We get almost constant flat wavefront curvature through the whole photon energy range. The measurement method is scalable to the soft X-ray spectral region. DA - 2016/05/27 PY - 2016 PB - Nature Publishing Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 960c0439-d3f7-459a-b868-4cc7c25b1c0e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Frequency and bandwidth conversion of single photons in a room-temperature diamond quantum memory DO - 10.1038/ncomms11200 AU - Fisher, Kent A. G. AU - England, Duncan G. AU - MacLean, Jean-Philippe W. AU - Bustard, Philip J. AU - Resch, Kevin J. AU - Sussman, Benjamin J. T2 - Nature Communications SN - 2041-1723 VL - 7 SP - 11200 SP - 1 EP - 6 AB - The spectral manipulation of photons is essential for linking components in a quantum network. Large frequency shifts are needed for conversion between optical and telecommunication frequencies, while smaller shifts are useful for frequency-multiplexing quantum systems, in the same way that wavelength division multiplexing is used in classical communications. Here we demonstrate frequency and bandwidth conversion of single photons in a room-temperature diamond quantum memory. Heralded 723.5 nm photons, with 4.1 nm bandwidth, are stored as optical phonons in the diamond via a Raman transition. Upon retrieval from the diamond memory, the spectral shape of the photons is determined by a tunable read pulse through the reverse Raman transition. We report central frequency tunability over 4.2 times the input bandwidth, and bandwidth modulation between 0.5 and 1.9 times the input bandwidth. Our results demonstrate the potential for diamond, and Raman memories in general, as an integrated platform for photon storage and spectral conversion. DA - 2016/04/05 PY - 2016 PB - Nature Publishing Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8b3730b4-d1fc-422a-8811-fb3a499b5b66 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acid is key to the radical-trapping antioxidant activity of nitroxides DO - 10.1021/jacs.6b00677 AU - Haidasz, Evan A. AU - Meng, Derek AU - Amorati, Riccardo AU - Baschieri, Andrea AU - Ingold, Keith U. AU - Valgimigli, Luca AU - Pratt, Derek A. T2 - Journal of the American Chemical Society SN - 0002-7863 SN - 1520-5126 VL - 138 IS - 16 SP - 5290 EP - 5298 AB - Persistent dialkylnitroxides (e.g., 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl, TEMPO) play a central role in the activity of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS)—additives that inhibit the (photo)oxidative degradation of consumer and industrial products. The accepted mechanism of HALS comprises a catalytic cycle involving the rapid combination of a nitroxide with an alkyl radical to yield an alkoxyamine that subsequently reacts with a peroxyl radical to eventually re-form the nitroxide. Herein, we offer evidence in favor of an alternative reaction mechanism involving the acid-catalyzed reaction of a nitroxide with a peroxyl radical to yield an oxoammonium ion followed by electron transfer from an alkyl radical to the oxoammonium ion to re-form the nitroxide. In preliminary work, we showed that TEMPO reacts with peroxyl radicals at diffusion-controlled rates in the presence of acids. Now, we show that TEMPO can be regenerated from its oxoammonium ion by reaction with alkyl radicals. We have determined that this reaction, which has been proposed to be a key step in TEMPO-catalyzed synthetic transformations, occurs with k ∼ 1–3 × 10¹⁰ M⁻¹ s⁻¹, thereby enabling it to compete with O² for alkyl radicals. The addition of weak acids facilitates this reaction, whereas the addition of strong acids slows it by enabling back electron transfer. The chemistry is shown to occur in hydrocarbon autoxidations at elevated temperatures without added acid due to the in situ formation of carboxylic acids, accounting for the long-known catalytic radical-trapping antioxidant activity of TEMPO that prompted the development of HALS. DA - 2016/03/29 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0cd0ea13-7ff5-469a-95ef-e766fdfdc7a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Expanding the repertoire of molecular linkages to silicon: Si–S, Si–Se, and Si–Te Bonds DO - 10.1021/acsami.6b00784 AU - Hu, Minjia AU - Liu, Fenglin AU - Buriak, Jillian M. T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 8 IS - 17 SP - 11091 EP - 11099 KW - Silicon KW - Surface KW - Chalcogenide KW - Sulfur KW - Selenium KW - Tellurium KW - Radical AB - Silicon is the foundation of the electronics industry and is now the basis for a myriad of new hybrid electronics applications, including sensing, silicon nanoparticle-based imaging and light emission, photonics, and applications in solar fuels, among others. From interfacing of biological materials to molecular electronics, the nature of the chemical bond plays important roles in electrical transport and can have profound effects on the electronics of the underlying silicon itself, affecting its work function, among other things. This work describes the chemistry to produce ≡Si–E bonds (E = S, Se, and Te) through very fast microwave heating (10–15 s) and direct thermal heating (hot plate, 2 min) through the reaction of hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces with dialkyl or diaryl dichalcogenides. The chemistry produces surface-bound ≡Si–SR, ≡Si–SeR, and ≡Si–TeR groups. Although the interfacing of molecules through ≡Si–SR and ≡Si–SeR bonds is known, to the best of our knowledge, the heavier chalcogenide variant, ≡Si–TeR, has not been described previously. The identity of the surface groups was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and depth profiling with time-of-flight-secondary ionization mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Possible mechanisms are outlined, and the most likely, based upon parallels with well-established molecular literature, involve surface silyl radicals or dangling bonds that react with either the alkyl or aryl dichalcogenide directly, REER, or its homolysis product, the alkyl or aryl chalcogenyl radical, RE· (where E = S, Se, and Te). DA - 2016/04/07 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c1c1a44d-27a8-422d-80b6-47aff6cbb712 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accelerated removal of Fe-antisite defects while nanosizing hydrothermal LiFePO₄ with Ca²⁺ DO - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00334 AU - Paolella, Andrea AU - Turner, Stuart AU - Bertoni, Giovanni AU - Hovington, Pierre AU - Flacau, Roxana AU - Boyer, Chad AU - Feng, Zimin AU - Colombo, Massimo AU - Marras, Sergio AU - Prato, Mirko AU - Manna, Liberato AU - Guerfi, Abdelbast AU - Demopoulos, George P. AU - Armand, Michel AU - Zaghib, Karim T2 - Nano Letters SN - 1530-6984 SN - 1530-6992 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 2692 EP - 2697 KW - Antisite KW - LiFePO₄ KW - calcium KW - surface KW - defects KW - hydrothermal AB - Based on neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), we show that calcium ions help eliminate the Fe-antisite defects by controlling the nucleation and evolution of the LiFePO₄ particles during their hydrothermal synthesis. This Ca-regulated formation of LiFePO₄ particles has an overwhelming impact on the removal of their iron antisite defects during the subsequent carbon-coating step since (i) almost all the Fe-antisite defects aggregate at the surface of the LiFePO₄ crystal when the crystals are small enough and (ii) the concomitant increase of the surface area, which further exposes the Fe-antisite defects. Our results not only justify a low-cost, efficient and reliable hydrothermal synthesis method for LiFePO₄ but also provide a promising alternative viewpoint on the mechanism controlling the nanosizing of LiFePO₄, which leads to improved electrochemical performances. DA - 2016/03/11 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9c4e096d-0c16-4cab-a2cd-5894bdc25dec ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deterministic integration of single photon sources in silicon based photonic circuits DO - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04709 AU - Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil AU - Elshaari, Ali W. AU - Jöns, Klaus D. AU - Fognini, Andreas AU - Dalacu, Dan AU - Poole, Philip J. AU - Reimer, Michael E. AU - Zwiller, Val T2 - Nano Letters SN - 1530-6984 SN - 1530-6992 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 2289 EP - 2294 KW - Integrated quantum optics KW - Nanowire quantum dot KW - Single-photons KW - Hybrid photonics AB - A major step toward fully integrated quantum optics is the deterministic incorporation of high quality single photon sources in on-chip optical circuits. We show a novel hybrid approach in which preselected III–V single quantum dots in nanowires are transferred and integrated in silicon based photonic circuits. The quantum emitters maintain their high optical quality after integration as verified by measuring a low multiphoton probability of 0.07 ± 0.07 and emission line width as narrow as 3.45 ± 0.48 GHz. Our approach allows for optimum alignment of the quantum dot light emission to the fundamental waveguide mode resulting in very high coupling efficiencies. We estimate a coupling efficiency of 24.3 ± 1.7% from the studied single-photon source to the photonic channel and further show by finite-difference time-domain simulations that for an optimized choice of material and design the efficiency can exceed 90%. DA - 2016/03/08 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d197109e-0e22-4ff2-bc70-2a1b51a3c924 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ionomer self-assembly in dilute solution studied by coarse-grained molecular dynamics DO - 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02158 AU - Ghelichi, Mahdi AU - Malek, Kourosh AU - Eikerling, Michael H. T2 - Macromolecules SN - 0024-9297 SN - 1520-5835 VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 1479 EP - 1489 AB - Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, reported in this article, elucidate the self-assembly of semiflexible ionomer molecules into cylindrical bundle-like aggregates. Ionomer chains are composed of hydrophobic backbones, grafted with pendant side chains that are terminated by anionic headgroups. Bundles have a core of backbones surrounded by a surface layer of charged anionic headgroups and a diffuse halo of counterions. Parametric studies of bundle properties unravel the interplay of backbone hydrophobicity, strength of electrostatic interactions between charged moieties, side chain content, and counterion valence: expectedly, the size of bundles increases with backbone hydrophobicity; the aggregate size depends nonmonotonically on the Bjerrum length; increasing the grafting density of pendant side chains results in smaller bundles; and the counterion valence exerts a strong effect on bundle size and counterion localization in the near-bundle region. Results reveal how the ionomer architecture and solvent properties influence the ionomer aggregation and associated electrostatic and mechanical bundle properties. These properties of ionomer aggregates are vital for rationalizing the water sorption behavior and transport phenomena as well as the chemical and mechanical stability of ionomer membranes. DA - 2016/02/02 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2aeba8dc-9a31-4a12-83a6-c0e4356cbc1e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sequential nanopatterned block copolymer self-assembly on surfaces DO - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01365 AU - Jin, Cong AU - Olsen, Brian C. AU - Wu, Nathanael L. Y. AU - Luber, Erik J. AU - Buriak, Jillian M. T2 - Langmuir SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 32 IS - 23 SP - 5890 EP - 5898 AB - Bottom-up self-assembly of high-density block-copolymer nanopatterns is of significant interest for a range of technologies, including memory storage and low-cost lithography for on-chip applications. The intrinsic or native spacing of a given block copolymer is dependent upon its size (N, degree of polymerization), composition, and the conditions of self-assembly. Polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) block copolymers, which are well-established for the production of strongly segregated single-layer hexagonal nanopatterns of silica dots, can be layered sequentially to produce density-doubled and -tripled nanopatterns. The center-to-center spacing and diameter of the resulting silica dots are critical with respect to the resulting double- and triple-layer assemblies because dot overlap reduces the quality of the resulting pattern. The addition of polystyrene (PS) homopolymer to PS-b-PDMS reduces the size of the resulting silica dots but leads to increased disorder at higher concentrations. The quality of these density-multiplied patterns can be calculated and predicted using parameters easily derived from SEM micrographs of corresponding single and multilayer patterns; simple geometric considerations underlie the degree of overlap of dots and layer-to-layer registration, two important factors for regular ordered patterns, and clearly defined dot borders. Because the higher-molecular-weight block copolymers tend to yield more regular patterns than smaller block copolymers, as defined by order and dot circularity, this sequential patterning approach may provide a route toward harnessing these materials, thus surpassing their native feature density. DA - 2016/05/18 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ae78d03e-4423-4de5-89fb-823bb3c0676b ER - TY - JOUR TI - pH-triggered release of hydrophobic molecules from self-assembling hybrid nanoscaffolds DO - 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00040 AU - Lu, Lei AU - Unsworth, Larry D. T2 - Biomacromolecules SN - 1525-7797 SN - 1526-4602 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 1425 EP - 1436 AB - Self-assembling peptide based hydrogels have a wide range of applications in the field of tissue repair and tissue regeneration. Because of its physicochemical properties, (RADA)₄ has been studied as a potential platform for 3D cell culture, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Despite some small molecule and protein release studies with this system, there is a lack of work investigating the controlled release of hydrophobic compounds (i.e., anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial drugs, etc.) that are important for many clinical therapies. Attempts to incorporate hydrophobic compounds into self-assembling matrices usually inhibited nanofiber formation, rather resulting in a peptide–drug complex or microcrystal formation. Herein, a self-assembling chitosan/carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin nanoparticle system was used to load dexamethasone, which formed within a self-assembling (RADA)₄ nanoscaffold matrix. Nanoparticles dispersed within the matrix were stabilized by the nanofibers within. The in vitro release of dexamethasone from the hybrid system was observed to be pH sensitive. At pH 7, release was observed for more than 8 days, with three distinct kinetic domains in the first 6 days. Data suggest that the deprotonation of chitosan at a solution pH > 6.8 leads to nanoparticle dissociation and ultimately the release of dexamethasone from the hybrid system. This system has the potential to form a multifunctional scaffold that can self-assemble with the ability to control the release of hydrophobic drugs for a wide variety of applications. DA - 2016/03/03 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9e4287db-e138-42bd-a2f4-805f4418351b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integration of 3D gene expression patterns and gene regulatory networks for clinical applications in epithelial ovarian cancer DO - 10.1109/BHI.2016.7455954 AU - Tchagang, Alain B. AU - Fauteux, Francois AU - Pan, Youlian T2 - 2016 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI) T3 - 2016 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), 24-27 Feb., 2016, Las Vegas, NV SN - 978-1-5090-2455-1 SP - 541 EP - 544 AB - In the past decades, many high-throughput studies have been performed to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), to improve treatments and to develop early detection and staging biomarkers. EOC is still a deadly disease due in part to a lack of screening tools and to the absence of subtype and stage-specific targeted treatments. Here, we applied an integrative three-dimensional clustering algorithm to analyze gene expression data from normal ovaries and four subtypes of EOC. Our analysis revealed major differences between subtypes and highlighted biological patterns linked with stages of the disease. These results may contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying EOC and find applications in EOC detection and treatment. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - IEEE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a233c394-6360-4bb1-8719-15d6a89bf65f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dual strain-promoted alkyne–nitrone cycloadditions for simultaneous labeling of bacterial peptidoglycans DO - 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00063 AU - Sherratt, Allison R. AU - Chigrinova, Mariya AU - MacKenzie, Douglas A. AU - Rastogi, Neelabh K. AU - Ouattara, Myriam T. M. AU - Pezacki, Aidan T. AU - Pezacki, John P. T2 - Bioconjugate Chemistry SN - 1043-1802 SN - 1520-4812 VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 1222 EP - 1226 AB - Bioorthogonal chemistry has been applied to study a multitude of biological processes in complex environments through incorporation and detection of small functional groups. However, few reactions are known to be compatible with each other to allow for studies of more than one biomolecule simultaneously. Here we describe a dual labeling method wherein two stereoelectronically contrasting nitrone tags are incorporated into bacteria peptidoglycan and detected via strain-promoted alkyne–nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) simultaneously. Furthermore, we show orthogonality with the azide functionality broadening the potential for simultaneous biomolecular target labeling in less accommodating metabolic pathways. We also demonstrate the simultaneous labeling of two different food-associated bacteria, L. innocua (a model for the food-born pathogen L. monocytogenes) and L. lactis (a fermentation bacterium). The ability to monitor multiple processes and even multiple organisms concurrently through nitrone/nitrone or nitrone/azide incorporation strengthens the current bioorthogonal toolbox and gives rise to robust duplex labeling of organisms to potentiate the studies of rapid biological phenomena. DA - 2016/03/26 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 63664b0f-d45e-46fd-a6de-a782a01b67a0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structural studies of trypanosoma brucei RNA editing ligases and their binding partner proteins DO - 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01257 AU - Shaneh, Alireza AU - Purisima, Enrico O. AU - Salavati, Reza AU - Sulea, Traian T2 - Biochemistry SN - 0006-2960 SN - 1520-4995 VL - 55 IS - 16 SP - 2319 EP - 2331 AB - To study the mechanism of ligating nicked RNA strands, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations of Trypanosoma brucei RNA editing ligases L1 and L2 complexed with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fragments. In each resulting model, a Mg²⁺ ion coordinates the 5′-PO₄ of the nicked nucleotide and the 3′-OH of the terminal nucleotide for a nucleophilic reaction consistent with the postulated step 3 chemistry of the ligation mechanism. Moreover, coordination of the 3′-OH to the Mg²⁺ ion may lower its pKa, thereby rendering it a more effective nucleophile as an oxyanion. Thus, Mg²⁺ may play a twofold role: bringing the reactants into the proximity of each other and activating the nucleophile. We also conducted solvated interaction energy calculations to explore whether ligation specificities can be correlated to ligase–dsRNA binding affinity changes. The calculated dsRNA binding affinities are stronger for both L1 and L2 when the terminal nucleotide is changed from cytosine to guanine, in line with their experimentally measured ligation specificities. Because the ligation mechanism is also influenced by interactions of the ligase with partner proteins from the editosome subcomplex, we also modeled the structure of the RNA-bound L2 in complex with the oligonucleotide binding (OB) domain of largest editosome interacting protein A1. The resulting L2–dsRNA–A1 model, which is consistent with mutagenesis and binding data recorded to date, provides the first atomic-level glimpse of plausible interactions around the RNA ligation site in the presence of an OB domain presented in-trans to a nucleic acid ligase. DA - 2016/03/31 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d23ec889-346b-4dd1-97a6-528313a08e92 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complementary approaches to searching MEDLINE may be sufficient for updating systematic reviews DO - 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.03.004 AU - Sampson, Margaret AU - De Bruijn, Berry AU - Urquhart, Christine AU - Shojania, Kaveh T2 - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology SN - 0895-4356 KW - Information retrieval KW - Systematic reviews KW - Support vector machine KW - Clinical query KW - PubMed similar articles KW - MEDLINE AB - OBJECTIVES To maximize the proportion of relevant studies identified for inclusion in systematic reviews (recall), complex time-consuming Boolean searches across multiple databases are common. Although MEDLINE provides excellent coverage of health science evidence, it has proved challenging to achieve high levels of recall through Boolean searches alone. STUDY DESIGNE AND SETTING Recall of one Boolean search method, the clinical query (CQ), combined with a ranking method, support vector machine (SVM), or PubMed-related articles, was tested against a gold standard of studies added to 6 updated Cochrane reviews and 10 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) evidence reviews. For the AHRQ sample, precision and temporal stability were examined for each method. RESULTS Recall of new studies was 0.69 for the CQ, 0.66 for related articles, 0.50 for SVM, 0.91 for the combination of CQ and related articles, and 0.89 for the combination of CQ and SVM. Precision was 0.11 for CQ and related articles combined, and 0.11 for CQ and SVM combined. Related articles showed least stability over time. CONCLUSIONS The complementary combination of a Boolean search strategy and a ranking strategy appears to provide a robust method for identifying relevant studies in MEDLINE. DA - 2016/03/11 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 6b5e526b-028e-4ef6-a829-7fe1cd320a97 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aztec pyramid DO - 10.1016/j.mattod.2016.04.017 AU - SpringThorpe, Tony AU - Caballero, Juan AU - Barrios, Pedro AU - Wasilewski, Zbigniew T2 - Materials Today SN - 1369-7021 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 292 EP - 293 DA - 2016/05/04 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 38588c86-4e69-41cc-af5f-b0219d40174d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimization and scale-up of cell culture and purification processes for production of an adenovirus-vectored tuberculosis vaccine candidate DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.090 AU - Shen, Chun Fang AU - Jacob, Danielle AU - Zhu, Tao AU - Bernier, Alice AU - Shao, Zhongqi AU - Yu, Xuefeng AU - Patel, Mehul AU - Lanthier, Stephane AU - Kamen, Amine T2 - Vaccine SN - 0264-410X VL - 34 IS - 29 SP - 3381 EP - 3387 KW - Adenovirus-vectored vaccine KW - Tuberculosis vaccine KW - Cell culture KW - Process development KW - Purification AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death by infectious disease worldwide. The only available TB vaccine is the Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG). However, parenterally administered Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine confers only limited immune protection from pulmonary tuberculosis in humans. There is a need for developing effective boosting vaccination strategies. AdAg85A, an adenoviral vector expressing the mycobacterial protein Ag85A, is a new tuberculosis vaccine candidate, and has shown promising results in pre-clinical studies and phase I trial. This adenovirus vectored vaccine is produced using HEK 293 cell culture. Here we report on the optimization of cell culture conditions, scale-up of production and purification of the AdAg85A at different scales. Four commercial serum-free media were evaluated under various conditions for supporting the growth of HEK293 cell and production of AdAg85A. A culturing strategy was employed to take advantages of two culture media with respective strengths in supporting the cell growth and virus production, which enabled to maintain virus productivity at higher cell densities and resulted in more than two folds of increases in culture titer. The production of AdAg85A was successfully scaled up and validated at 60 L bioreactor under the optimal conditions. The AdAg85A generated from the 3 L and 60 L bioreactor runs was purified through several purification steps. More than 98% of total cellular proteins was removed, over 60% of viral particles was recovered after the purification process, and purity of AdAg85A was similar to that of the ATCC VR-1516 Ad5 standard. Vaccination of mice with the purified AdAg85A demonstrated a very good level of Ag85A-specific antibody responses. The optimized production and purification conditions were transferred to a GMP facility for manufacturing of AdAg85A for generation of clinical grade material to support clinical trials. DA - 2016/05/04 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5bf5e726-57eb-49b8-a084-2e32cfce92ab ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase containing virus-like particles produced in HEK-293 suspension culture: an effective influenza vaccine candidate DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.089 AU - Venereo-Sanchez, Alina AU - Gilbert, Renald AU - Simoneau, Melanie AU - Caron, Antoine AU - Chahal, Parminder AU - Chen, Wangxue AU - Ansorge, Sven AU - Li, Xuguang AU - Henry, Olivier AU - Kamen, Amine T2 - Vaccine SN - 0264-410X VL - 34 IS - 29 SP - 3371 EP - 3380 KW - Influenza vaccine KW - Virus-like particles KW - Stable cell line KW - HEK-293 KW - Quantification KW - Bioreactor production KW - Tangential flow filtration AB - Virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute a promising alternative as influenza vaccine. They are non-replicative particles that mimic the morphology of native viruses which make them more immunogenic than classical subunit vaccines. In this study, we propose HEK-293 cells in suspension culture in serum-free medium as an efficient platform to produce large quantities of VLPs. For this purpose, a stable cell line expressing the main influenza viral antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) (subtype H1N1) under the regulation of a cumate inducible promoter was developed (293HA-NA cells). The production of VLPs was evaluated by transient transfection of plasmids encoding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag or M1 influenza matrix protein. To facilitate the monitoring of VLPs production, Gag was fused to the green fluorescence protein (GFP). The transient transfection of the gag containing plasmid in 293HA-NA cells increased the release of HA and NA seven times more than its counterpart transfected with the M1 encoding plasmid. Consequently, the production of HA-NA containing VLPs using Gag as scaffold was evaluated in a 3-L controlled stirred tank bioreactor. The VLPs secreted in the culture medium were recovered by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose cushion and ultrafiltered by tangential flow filtration. Transmission electron micrographs of final sample revealed the presence of particles with the average typical size (150–200 nm) and morphology of HIV-1 immature particles. The concentration of the influenza glycoproteins on the Gag-VLPs was estimated by single radial immunodiffusion and hemagglutination assay for HA and by Dot-Blot for HA and NA. More significantly, intranasal immunization of mice with influenza Gag-VLPs induced strong antigen-specific mucosal and systemic antibody responses and provided full protection against a lethal intranasal challenge with the homologous virus strain. These data suggest that, with further optimization and characterization the process could support mass production of safer and better-controlled VLPs-based influenza vaccine candidate. DA - 2016/05/05 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 4bf6a43d-07f3-4d84-8c3f-6e028fd155c3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inspection of thick welded joints using laser-ultrasonic SAFT DO - 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.04.001 AU - Lévesque, D. AU - Asaumi, Y. AU - Lord, M. AU - Bescond, C. AU - Hatanaka, H. AU - Tagami, M. AU - Monchalin, J.-P. T2 - Ultrasonics SN - 0041-624X VL - 69 SP - 236 EP - 242 KW - Thick weld inspection KW - Laser ultrasonics KW - Synthetic aperture focusing technique AB - The detection of defects in thick butt joints in the early phase of multi-pass arc welding would be very valuable to reduce cost and time in the necessity of reworking. As a non-contact method, the laser-ultrasonic technique (LUT) has the potential for the automated inspection of welds, ultimately online during manufacturing. In this study, testing has been carried out using LUT combined with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) on 25 and 50 mm thick butt welded joints of steel both completed and partially welded. EDM slits of 2 or 3 mm height were inserted at different depths in the multi-pass welding process to simulate a lack of fusion. Line scans transverse to the weld are performed with the generation and detection laser spots superimposed directly on the surface of the weld bead. A CCD line camera is used to simultaneously acquire the surface profile for correction in the SAFT processing. All artificial defects but also real defects are visualized in the investigated thick butt weld specimens, either completed or partially welded after a given number of passes. The results obtained clearly show the potential of using the LUT with SAFT for the automated inspection of arc welds or hybrid laser-arc welds during manufacturing. DA - 2016/04/02 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 47f5c46b-4125-42d5-b6e3-3f4d7534ba1e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enzymes required for the biosynthesis of N-formylated sugars DO - 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.04.003 AU - Holden, Hazel m AU - Thoden, James B. AU - Gilbert, Michel T2 - Current Opinion in Structural Biology SN - 0959-440X VL - 41 SP - 1 EP - 9 AB - The N-formyltransferases, also known as transformylases, play key roles in de novo purine biosynthesis where they catalyze the transfer of formyl groups to primary amine acceptors. These enzymes require N¹⁰-formyltetrahydrofolate for activity. Due to their biological importance they have been extensively investigated for many years, and they are still serving as targets for antifolate drug design. Most of our understanding of the N-formyltransferases has been derived from these previous studies. It is now becoming increasingly apparent, however, that N-formylation also occurs on some amino sugars found on the O-antigens of pathogenic bacteria. This review focuses on recent developments in the biochemical and structural characterization of the sugar N-formyltransferases. DA - 2016/05/20 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8c3e0b0c-a04f-4695-b41e-2007d5a5db2e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exposure to cyanobacteria: acute health effects associated with endotoxins DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.11.027 AU - Lévesque, B. AU - Gervais, M.-C. AU - Chevalier, P. AU - Gauvin, D. AU - Anassour-Laouan-Sidi, E. AU - Gingras, S. AU - Fortin, N. AU - Brisson, G. AU - Greer, C. AU - Bird, D. T2 - Public Health SN - 0033-3506 VL - 134 SP - 98 EP - 101 DA - 2016/01/14 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0beecb06-cd07-4813-837f-f720f6af0121 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improvement of flow of an iron-copper-graphite powder mix through additions of nanoparticles DO - 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.05.046 AU - Lapierre-Boire, Louis-philippe AU - Blais, Carl AU - Pelletier, Sylvain AU - Chagnon, François T2 - Powder Technology SN - 0032-5910 VL - 299 SP - 156 EP - 167 KW - Powder metallurgy KW - Nanoparticles KW - Apparent density KW - Graphite KW - Lubricant AB - Nanoparticles of carbon black, silica and ferrous oxide were added to FC-0208 powder metallurgy blends prepared using ethylene bis stearamide as lubricant to investigate their influence on improving flowability of this formulation that tends to be cohesive. This study consisted in preparing multiple premixes having different quantities of nanoparticles of different types and evaluating their impact on flowability and apparent density according to MPIF standards. The important variables for the distribution of nanoparticles on the surface of the host particles were the sequence of addition of all of the constituents, the quantity of nanoparticles and the mixing time. It was possible to identify a condition presenting good flowability with a flow time of 34.9 s/50 g and an apparent density of 2.78 g/cm³. DA - 2016/05/26 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7a0c5759-5768-4bba-b625-bc45165c13c5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbonized nanocellulose sustainably boosts the performance of activated carbon in ionic liquid supercapacitors DO - 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.036 AU - Li, Zhi AU - Liu, Jun AU - Jiang, Keren AU - Thundat, Thomas T2 - Nano Energy SN - 2211-2855 VL - 25 SP - 161 EP - 169 KW - Nanocellulose KW - Supercapacitors KW - Ionic liquid KW - Activated carbon KW - Sustainable nanomaterials AB - Carbonized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have been employed to improve the rate performance of activated carbon (AC) traditionally used in supercapacitors. Because of the large amount of surface functionalities, CNF form strongly interconnected composite with AC, which turns into a free-standing carbon nanofibers/AC film after carbonization. In the film, the carbon nanofibers are ‘welded’ on AC particles and integrate them into one piece of carbon. The interaction between AC and carbon nanofibers, originating from the strong AC-nanocellulose affinity, is much stronger than the traditional physically mixed AC/nanocarbon composite and also significantly reduces the contact resistance in the composite. Conductive atomic force microscope (C-AFM) analysis reveals that the network of carbonized CNF possesses markedly better electron transport efficiency than the AC particles. When tested as supercapacitor electrode at commercial level mass loading, the composite film exhibits 2 times slower capacitance fading at high current and 3 times higher maximum power density than the bare AC. In addition, using the nanocellulose, which is derived from renewable resources, increases the total electrode cost only by a small margin, thereby making the composite a competitive electrode material for electricity storage on a large scale. DA - 2016/04/20 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ed197936-0cef-48d8-a09a-c5be0307b8d9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global and local characteristics of an autogenous single pass electron beam weld in thick gage UNS S41500 steel DO - 10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.044 AU - Sarafan, S. AU - Wanjara, P. AU - Gholipour, J. AU - Champliaud, H. T2 - Materials Science and Engineering: A SN - 0921-5093 VL - 666 SP - 360 EP - 371 KW - Electron beam welding KW - Wrought martensitic stainless steel KW - UNS S41500 KW - Post-weld heat treatment KW - Tensile properties KW - Digital image correlation KW - Microhardness AB - Electron beam welding of UNS S41500, a low carbon martensitic stainless steel utilized in hydroelectric turbine manufacturing, was investigated by applying a single pass autogenous process to penetrate a section thickness of 72 mm without preheating. In the as-welded and post-weld heat treated conditions, the evolution in microhardness and microstructure across the weldments, as well as the global and local tensile properties, were evaluated. In the as-welded condition, assessment of the microhardness and the associated microstructure across the welds led to the identification of six regions, including the fusion zone, four heat affected zones and the base metal; each of these regions consisted of different phase constituents, such as tempered martensite, untempered martensite, delta ferrite and retained austenite. Post-weld heat treatment, undertaken to temper the untempered martensite in the as-welded microstructure, was effective in homogenizing the hardness across the weldment. The mechanical response of the welds, determined through tensile testing at room temperature with an automated non-contact three-dimensional deformation measurement system, indicated that the global tensile properties in the as-welded and post-weld heat treated conditions met the acceptance criteria in the ASME Section IX standard. Also, evaluation of the local tensile properties in the fusion and heat affected zones of the as-welded samples allowed a more comprehensive understanding of the strength and ductility associated with the different microstructures in the “composite” nature of the weldment. Fractographic analysis demonstrated dimpled features on the tensile fracture surfaces and failure was associated with debonding between the martensitic matrix and the secondary phases (such as delta ferrite and retained austenite) that resulted in the formation, growth and coalescence of voids into a macroscale crack. DA - 2016/05/07 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e7155c97-e58a-42ff-9f86-755a10346507 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Partial molar volume of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution studied by the KB/3D-RISM–KH theory DO - 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.02.016 AU - Holovko, M. AU - Kovalenko, A. AU - Hirata, F. T2 - Journal of Molecular Liquids SN - 0167-7322 VL - 217 SP - 103 EP - 111 KW - Aqueous solutions KW - Amphiphilic molecules KW - Nonionic surfactants KW - Partial molar volume KW - Kirkwood–Buff equation KW - 3D-RISM–KH molecular theory of solvation KW - Hydration structure AB - Description of self-assembly by means of atomistic models without coarse-graining and empirical adjustment is the most challenging problem in statistical mechanics of liquids. Partial molar volume (PMV) is a thermodynamic property related to effective solvation forces spontaneously driving self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules in solution. We calculate the PMV of several ethylene glycol derivatives, in particular, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers H(CH₂)m ₋₁(CH₂OCH₂)nCH₂OH commonly known as CmEn nonionic surfactants, in aqueous solution at infinite dilution by using the Kirkwood–Buff (KB) equation and the three-dimensional reference interaction site model with the Kovalenko–Hirata closure relation (3D-RISM–KH) integral equation theory of molecular liquids. Special attention is paid to the infinite dilution case since direct measurement of PMV of monomeric surfactants is hindered by their very low critical micelle concentration (cmc). The PMVs obtained from the KB/3D-RISM–KH approach are in good qualitative agreement with experimental data for ethylene glycol derivatives in water at 5; 25; and 45 °C. DA - 2016/02/20 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7ebb5f15-67e3-4f11-9dbd-3e7f87e29885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of zinc-doping on the composition of InGaAsP layers grown by MOCVD DO - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.04.053 AU - Salehzadeh, O. AU - He, C. AU - Benyon, W. AU - Springthorpe, A. J. T2 - Journal of Crystal Growth SN - 0022-0248 VL - 445 SP - 110 EP - 114 KW - Doping KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Metalorganic chemical vapour deposition KW - Semiconducting quaternary alloys AB - We report on the effects of Zn-doping using diethylzinc (DEZn) on the growth of In₁₋xGaxAsyP₁₋y quaternary layers (x=0.18–0.41 and y=0.34–0.76) by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. Independent of the quaternary layer compositions, a systematic reduction (increase) in Indium (Gallium) was observed. This was accompanied by a reduction in the overall growth rate, and increased tensile strain, with increasing DEZn flow. In contrast, the dependence of arsenic/phosphorus incorporation on DEZn flow was found to depend on the surface stoichiometry. We show quantitatively that the observed tensile strain can be explained by compositional variations caused by the Zn-doping process. These results suggest that DEZn affects both homogeneous and heterogeneous processes during the growth of InGaAsP layers. DA - 2016/05/03 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 37cc6350-bebd-42e5-a197-e67b151d26ec ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative study of polyethylenimines for transient gene expression in mammalian HEK293 and CHO cells DO - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.028 AU - Delafosse, Laurence AU - Xu, Ping AU - Durocher, Yves T2 - Journal of Biotechnology SN - 0168-1656 VL - 227 SP - 103 EP - 111 KW - Acylation KW - Polyplex KW - Transfection KW - Recombinant protein AB - Three commercially available linear polyethylenimines (25 kDa LPEI, 40 kDa PEI“Max” and PEIpro™) were compared regarding their potency to transfect serum-free growing and suspension-adapted HEK293 and CHO cells. We determined the optimal DNA:PEI ratios for maximal expression of the reporter gene SEAP while monitoring cytotoxicity following transfection. PEIs acylation was determined by ¹H NMR and their apparent size and polydispersity assessed by size-exclusion chromatography. The propensity of PEIs to condense plasmid DNA was evaluated by agarose-gel electrophoresis. The zeta potentials and particle sizes at optimal DNA:PEI ratio were analyzed. Polyplex attachment to the cells and internalization kinetics were monitored. The quantity of PEIpro™ needed to efficiently transfect the cells was significantly lower than with LPEI and PEI“Max” and, interestingly, the maximal amount of internalized PEIpro™-based polyplexes was approximately half of that observed with its counterparts. PEIpro™ was the largest and least polydisperse polymer, but also the most cytotoxic. The optimal transfection conditions were subsequently used to express three monoclonal antibodies at larger-scale. The use of the deacylated PEI“Max” and PEIpro™ resulted in a significant increase of recombinant protein expression compared to LPEI. These findings demonstrate the importance of properly choosing the most suitable polymers to obtain optimal recombinant protein transient expression. DA - 2016/04/13 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2fd4c794-d8e7-4f43-b2ab-30dcfaadf161 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High temperature oxidation of Ti–46Al–6Nb–0.5W–0.5Cr–0.3Si–0.1C alloy DO - 10.1016/j.intermet.2016.04.005 AU - Park, Soon Yong AU - Seo, D. Y. AU - Kim, Seong Woong AU - Kim, Seung Eon AU - Hong, Jae Keun AU - Lee, Dong Bok T2 - Intermetallics SN - 0966-9795 VL - 74 SP - 8 EP - 14 KW - Intermetallics (aluminides) KW - Oxidation KW - Casting KW - Microstructure KW - Microscopy KW - Aerospace structures AB - A newly developed Ti–46Al–6Nb-0.5W-0.5Cr-0.3Si-0.1C alloy was oxidized isothermally and cyclically in air, and its high-temperature oxidation behavior was investigated. When the alloy was isothermally oxidized at 700 °C for 2000 h, the weight gain was only 0.15 mg/cm². The parabolic rate constant, kp (mg²/cm⁴·h), measured from isothermal oxidation tests was 0.002 at 900 °C and 0.009 at 1000 °C. Such excellent isothermal oxidation resistance resulted from the formation of the dense, continuous Al₂O₃ layer between the outer TiO₂ layer and the inner (TiO₂-rich, Al₂O₃-deficient) layer. The alloy also displayed good cyclic oxidation resistance at 900 °C. Some noticeable scale spallation began to occur after 68 h at 1000 °C during the cyclic oxidation test. DA - 2016/04/23 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b39f6a9b-8ec4-40ad-86e2-bb1c6c7f3f67 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Facile synthesis of NiCo₂O₄ nanosphere-carbon nanotubes hybrid as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries DO - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.022 AU - Ma, Chengyu AU - Xu, Nengneng AU - Qiao, Jinli AU - Jian, Saisai AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy SN - 0360-3199 VL - 41 IS - 21 SP - 9211 EP - 9218 KW - NiCo₂O₄ nanosphere KW - Hydrothermal process KW - Bifunctional catalysts KW - Rechargeable zinc–air battery AB - Developing low-cost non-precious metal catalysts for high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable. In this work, both the primary and rechargeable Zn–air batteries with NiCo₂O₄ nanosphere and carbon nanotubes hybrid (NiCo₂O₄-CNTs) as cathode catalyst are reported. The catalysts are synthesized through a facile one-pot precipitation reaction and hydrothermal process, which exhibited highly active bi-functional catalytic activity for both ORR and OER. Using NiCo₂O₄-CNTs hybrid as a cathode catalyst, the resulting practical primary and electrochemically rechargeable Zn–air batteries give a promising discharge peak power density as high as 320 mW cm₋₂, and a high current density 210 mA cm⁻² at 1.0 V. Also, the rechargeable Zn–air batteries in a two-electrode configuration exhibits an unprecedented small charge–discharge voltage polarization of ∼0.75 V at 10 mA cm⁻², high reversibility and stability over long charge and discharge cycles. The high performance is believed to be induced by the hybrid effect (coupling effect) among NiCo₂O₄ nanosphere and CNTs, which can produce a synergy enhancement for both catalytic ORR and OER. DA - 2016/03/27 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : de7c03bf-a895-49f0-8540-60adfdd026d1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High rate performance of surface metalized spherical nickel hydroxide via in situ chemical reduction DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.165 AU - Fu, Gaoliang AU - Chang, Kun AU - Li, Bao AU - Shangguan, Enbo AU - Tang, Hongwei AU - Zhang, Caixia AU - Chang, Zhaorong AU - Yuan, Xiao-Zi T2 - Electrochimica Acta SN - 0013-4686 VL - 207 SP - 28 EP - 36 KW - Nickel hydroxide KW - Cathode materials KW - In-situ reduction KW - Surface modification KW - High rate capability AB - The surface modified Ni(OH)₂ samples with Ni and Ni–cobalt (Ni–Co) layer, respectively, are prepared by an in-situ chemical reduction method using hydrazine hydrate as reductant and silver ion as activating agent. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. As the Ni electrode cathode, the material is analyzed, and the electrochemical properties such as rate capability, cyclic voltammetry, and AC impedance are investigated. The results indicate that the metallization of the Ni(OH)₂ surface does not change the original morphologies and crystal structure of the sample. The in-situ reduced Ni–Co layer bonds tightly with the matrix, which increases the conductivity of Ni(OH)₂ particles, reduces the electrode polarization, lowers the charging voltage of the battery, and improves the reversibility of the electrode reaction of Ni(OH)₂. Moreover, it effectively increases the rate capability, energy density, and utilization rate of the active material of the Ni electrode. DA - 2016/04/28 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d68f971b-b2e6-4757-a9a1-504da727c345 ER - TY - JOUR TI - New Atglistatin closely related analogues: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship towards adipose triglyceride lipase inhibition DO - 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.021 AU - Roy, Pierre-Philippe AU - D'Souza, Kenneth AU - Cuperlovic-Culf, Miroslava AU - Kienesberger, Petra C. AU - Touaibia, Mohamed T2 - European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry SN - 0223-5234 VL - 118 SP - 290 EP - 298 KW - Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) KW - Atglistatin KW - Inhibitors KW - Structure–activity relationship KW - Lipolysis KW - Adipocytes AB - Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) performs the first and rate-limiting step in lipolysis by hydrolyzing triacylglycerols stored in lipid droplets to diacylglycerols. By mediating lipolysis in adipose and non-adipose tissues, ATGL is a major regulator of overall energy metabolism and plasma lipid levels. Since chronically high levels of plasma lipids are linked to metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, ATGL is an interesting therapeutic target. In the present study, fourteen closely related analogues of Atglistatin (1), a newly discovered ATGL inhibitor, were synthesized, and their ATGL inhibitory activity was evaluated. The effect of these analogues on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes clearly shows that inhibition of the enzyme by Atglistatin (1) is due to the presence of the carbamate and N,N-dimethyl moieties on the biaryl central core at meta and para position, respectively. Mono carbamate-substituted analogue C2, in which the carbamate group was in the meta position as in Atglistatin (1), showed slight inhibition. Low dipole moment of Atglistatin (1) compared to the synthesized analogues possibly explains the lower inhibitory activities. DA - 2016/04/10 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : eccc00fc-e795-47a9-8a8e-bbb8ef3256f5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Data on physicochemical properties of LPEI 25kDa, PEI“Max” 40kDa and PEIpro™ DO - 10.1016/j.dib.2016.05.062 AU - Delafosse, Laurence AU - Xu, Ping AU - Durocher, Yves T2 - Data in Brief SN - 2352-3409 VL - 8 SP - 456 EP - 460 AB - The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Comparative study of polyethylenimines for transient gene expression in mammalian HEK293 and CHO cells” (Delafosse et al., 2016 [1]). Polyethylenimine is a cationic polymer whose linear form has been described as the most efficient to transfect a wide range of cell lines and thus is broadly used in transient gene expression. Data presented in this article compares apparent size and polydispersity as determined by size exclusion chromatography of three commercially available linear PEIs, namely LPEI, PEI“Max” and PEIpro™. Impact of those features on plasmid DNA affinity was established by plasmid DNA agarose gel migration assay. DA - 2016/06/01 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b80bcea3-9d8a-4f4f-a1e9-77d34010529e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analytical model for prediction of strength and fracture paths characteristic to randomly oriented strand (ROS) composites DO - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.04.017 AU - Selezneva, Marina AU - Roy, Steven AU - Lessard, Larry AU - Yousefpour, Ali T2 - Composites Part B: Engineering SN - 1359-8368 VL - 96 SP - 103 EP - 111 KW - Discontinuous reinforcement KW - Thermoplastic resin KW - Mechanical properties KW - Analytical modelling AB - There is an emerging interest in the aerospace industry to manufacture composite components with intricate geometries. One way to do this is by using a bulk moulding compound which consists of strands of unidirectional carbon-fibre tape. This material system is termed randomly-oriented strand (ROS) composites. The great design potential of ROS composites has been demonstrated in the literature, but the modelling techniques for this material are in their infancy. This paper proposes a stochastic 2D modelling technique for predicting strength of ROS composites from the mechanical properties of the individual strands. This model is representative of the microstructure and the through-the-thickness fracture morphologies characteristic to ROS composites. Classical laminate theory and Hashin's criteria are used to predict strand breakage, while interlaminar strength and fracture toughness are implemented to account for strand debonding. The model successfully predicts the strength of ROS composites, captures the effect of strand size on properties, depicts heterogeneous nature of the material, and demonstrates that failure follows the “weakest-link” principle. It also indicates that thermoplastic ROS composites are superior to their thermoset (e.g. epoxy) counterparts. DA - 2016/04/12 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 05e5f321-7699-4dff-8384-23b45a47c6da ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new hybrid oscillatory orbital process for drilling of composites using superabrasive diamond tools DO - 10.1016/j.cirp.2016.04.049 AU - Sultana, I. AU - Shi, Z. AU - Attia, H. AU - Thomson, V. T2 - CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology SN - 0007-8506 VL - 65 IS - 1 SP - 141 EP - 144 KW - Drilling KW - Composite KW - Superabrasive diamond tool AB - A new hybrid oscillatory orbital process, using superabrasive diamond tools, was developed for drilling FRP composites. Effects of grain size and tool geometry on forces, temperatures, and surface integrity were experimentally investigated. With proper selection of cutting conditions and process variables, the limitations of conventional orbital drilling using carbide tools can be eliminated by significantly reducing the forces and surface roughness, while increasing tool life by an order of magnitude. This is comparable to PCD tools, at a fraction of the cost. A force model based on process kinematics and chip formation mechanism was developed and validated. DA - 2016/01/06 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2b391c05-e213-4450-a579-5b53365c6b11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemometric analysis of attenuated total reflectance infrared spectral data for quantitation of immunoglobulin G in equine plasma and serum DO - 10.1016/j.chemolab.2016.05.020 AU - Hou, S. AU - Shaw, R. A. AU - Riley, C. B. T2 - Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems SN - 0169-7439 VL - 156 SP - 108 EP - 114 KW - Multivariate calibration KW - Principal component regression KW - Attenuated total reflectance KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Equine KW - Immunoglobulin G AB - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a crucial antibody to protect animals from invasion by microorganisms. Although there exist several methods in veterinary medicine to measure IgG levels for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, these methods suffer from various weaknesses. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric tools such as principal component regression has been widely employed for the measurement of compounds in mixtures with the advantages that include simplicity, quickness and low test cost. Earlier investigation for IgG assay based on transmission IR spectroscopy using laboratory grade equipment has been conducted, but it is not readily transferrable to the clinic, hospital or small laboratory setting. More robust attenuated total reflectance (ATR) IR spectroscopy platforms have recently been developed for a range of roles in the field. This study investigated the possibility of using ATR-IR spectroscopy to determine the IgG concentrations in foal serum and adult horse plasma samples. The results of this work showed that immunoglobulin G concentrations predicted by ATR-IR spectroscopy with chemometric analysis had good agreement with those obtained from the radial immunodiffusion (RID) reference method. The precision of this approach was most compatible to RID method when the IgG concentration was high, but poorer for lower IgG concentrations. It was also showed that building a united calibration model for serum and plasma samples is likely. The results of this work indicate that ATR-IR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis is a promising technique to measure the equine serum and plasma IgG concentrations in the veterinary clinical or hospital environment. DA - 2016/05/31 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 32017a66-0547-4664-9570-93dd6aa7e6fd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel Ag@C nanocables supported Pd anodes and its implication in energy conversion using direct liquid fuel cells DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.033 AU - Bai, Zhengyu AU - Huang, Rumeng AU - Shi, Min AU - Zhang, Qing AU - Yang, Lin AU - Yang, Zongxian AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - Applied Energy SN - 0306-2619 VL - 175 SP - 429 EP - 434 KW - Renewable energy KW - Silver@carbon nanocables KW - High energy storage KW - Direct ethylene glycol fuel cell AB - In this work, renewable ethylene glycol (EG) was developed as a potential fuel for direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs) with Ag@C nanocables by immobilization of Palladium (Pd/Ag@C) anodes for sustainable electric power generation. The results confirm that the obtained nanocable is composed of a silver nanowire as a core and a carbonaceous layer as a shell. According to TEM, the resulting Pd nanoparticles are well-distributed on the surface of the Ag@C, and the mean size of the Pd nanoparticles is 4.4 nm. Electrochemical behavior tests indicate that the Pd/Ag@C can achieve a maximum current density of 1027.4 mA mg⁻¹Pd based on a half-cell reaction on EG fuel, suggesting that EG is a suitable fuel for DLFCs. It is concluded that the as-prepared Pd/Ag@C would be a potential candidate as an anode in energy conversion using DLFCs. Furthermore, the current study confirmed the practical applicability of EG as a direct fuel with Pd/Ag@C anode applied in DEGFCs may have a great effect on future energy system DA - 2016/04/15 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7b69c7d3-4575-46bf-858f-c96f6525a31c ER - TY - CHAP TI - Brassica spp. Oils DO - 10.1016/B978-1-893997-98-1.00005-1 AU - Mcvetty, Peter B. E. AU - Mietkiewska, Elzbieta AU - Omonov, Tolibjon AU - Curtis, Jonathan AU - Taylor, David C. AU - Weselake, Randall J. T2 - Industrial Oil Crops SN - 9781893997981 SP - 113 EP - 156 KW - Biodiesel KW - Bioproducts KW - Brassica carinata KW - Brassica napus KW - Erucic acid KW - HEAR cultivars KW - Oleic acid AB - The Brassica genus of plants belongs to the Brassicaceae family (formerly Crucifer family). This family is characterized by plants which produce very-long-chain fatty acids in their seed oil, and secondary defense-related metabolites called glucosinolates in the whole plant. Brassica species can germinate and grow at low temperatures and are one of the few oilseeds adapted to cooler temperate agricultural zones and winter production. The emerging emphasis on renewable energy, chemical feed stocks, industrial oils and novel uses of vegetable oils, and the steadily growing bioeconomy will provide significant growth opportunities for industrial (nonedible) Brassica oils. Canola (including canola with a modified fatty acid profiles), high erucic acid (22:1cisΔ13) rapeseed (HEAR) and eventually super-high erucic acid rapeseed (SHEAR) cultivars will be developed and grown to meet emerging and expanding markets. Double-digit annual growth in demand for industrial (nonedible) Brassica oil is anticipated. DA - 2016/03/04 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a54bcee7-4678-42c1-96ac-b927c0806573 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aβ-induced insulin resistance and the effects of insulin on the cholesterol synthesis pathway and Aβ secretion in neural cells DO - 10.1007/s12264-016-0034-9 AU - Najem, Dema AU - Bamji-Mirza, Michelle AU - Yang, Ze AU - Zhang, Wandong T2 - Neuroscience Bulletin SN - 1673-7067 SN - 1995-8218 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 227 EP - 238 KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - Insulin resistance KW - Aβ peptides KW - Insulin signaling KW - Cholesterol synthesis pathway KW - Pro-inflammatory response AB - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity, tau pathology, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis, all of which play roles in neurodegeneration. Insulin has polytrophic effects on neurons and may be at the center of these pathophysiological changes. In this study, we investigated possible relationships among insulin signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis, along with the effects of Aβ42 on these pathways in vitro. We found that neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells transfected with the human gene encoding amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) (N2a-AβPP) produced Aβ and exhibited insulin resistance by reduced p-Akt and a suppressed cholesterol-synthesis pathway following insulin treatment, and by increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor subunit-1 at serine 612 (p-IRS-S612) as compared to parental N2a cells. Treatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with Aβ42 also increased p-IRS-S612, suggesting that Aβ42 is responsible for insulin resistance. The insulin resistance was alleviated when N2a-AβPP cells were treated with higher insulin concentrations. Insulin increased Aβ release from N2a-AβPP cells, by which it may promote Aβ clearance. Insulin increased cholesterol-synthesis gene expression in SH-SY5Y and N2a cells, including 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) through sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP2). While Aβ42-treated SH-SY5Y cells exhibited increased HMGCR expression and c-Jun phosphorylation as pro-inflammatory responses, they also showed down-regulation of neuro-protective/anti-inflammatory DHCR24. These results suggest that Aβ42 may cause insulin resistance, activate JNK for c-Jun phosphorylation, and lead to dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis, and that enhancing insulin signaling may relieve the insulin-resistant phenotype and the dysregulated cholesterol-synthesis pathway to promote Aβ release for clearance from neural cells. DA - 2016/05/20 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Singapore LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 6355bef0-2471-4bc1-8951-2e4a82133907 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanostructured and conventional Cr₂O₃, TiO₂, and TiO₂-Cr₂O₃ thermal-sprayed coatings for metal-seated ball valve applications in hydrometallurgy DO - 10.1007/s11666-016-0405-9 AU - Vernhes, Luc AU - Bekins, Craig AU - Lourdel, Nicolas AU - Poirier, Dominique AU - Lima, Rogerio S. AU - Li, Duanjie AU - Klemberg-Sapieha, Jolanta E. T2 - Journal of Thermal Spray Technology SN - 1059-9630 SN - 1544-1016 VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 1068 EP - 1078 KW - Air plasma spraying KW - Ceramic coating KW - Galling KW - High-pressure acid leaching KW - Pressure oxidation KW - Tribomechanical properties AB - A detailed characterization project was undertaken by Velan, an international industrial valve designer and manufacturer, in collaboration with the National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, and Polytechnique Montréal. The purpose was to assess the mechanical and tribological resistances of promising ceramic coatings for hydrometallurgy applications, including a novel n-TiO₂-Cr₂O₃ blend. Hardness and shear strength were determined using microhardness indentation testers and universal tensile testing equipment. Wear resistance of the coatings under sliding wear, abrasion, and galling conditions were measured by standard pin-on-disk tests, abrasion tests, and custom-designed galling tests. The main result is that the synergy between Cr₂O₃ and n-TiO₂ produced abrasion performance exceeding that of these materials alone. Also, an optimized balance between the hard and brittle Cr₂O₃ phases and the soft and ductile n-TiO₂ phases resulted in higher abrasion, sliding, and galling resistance. The novel n-TiO₂-Cr₂O₃ blend is therefore considered as a promising evolution of the current TiO₂-Cr₂2O₃3 blend. DA - 2016/04/07 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - New York, NY, USA LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c39801f7-e6b7-4724-aed4-006b1884b66e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Post-weld tempered microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid laser-arc welded cast martensitic stainless steel CA6NM DO - 10.1007/s11663-015-0578-5 AU - Mirakhorli, Fatemeh AU - Cao, Xinjin AU - Pham, Xuan-Tan AU - Wanjara, Priti AU - Fihey, Jean-Luc T2 - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B SN - 1073-5615 SN - 1543-1916 SP - 1 EP - 12 KW - Metallic materials KW - Thin films KW - Nanotechnology KW - Cold metal transfer KW - Martensitic stainless steel AB - Manufacturing of hydroelectric turbine components involves the assembly of thick-walled stainless steels using conventional multi-pass arc welding processes. By contrast, hybrid laser-arc welding may be an attractive process for assembly of such materials to realize deeper penetration depths, higher production rates, narrower fusion, and heat-affected zones, and lower distortion. In the present work, single-pass hybrid laser-arc welding of 10-mm thick CA6NM, a low carbon martensitic stainless steel, was carried out in the butt joint configuration using a continuous wave fiber laser at its maximum power of 5.2 kW over welding speeds ranging from 0.75 to 1.2 m/minute. The microstructures across the weldment were characterized after post-weld tempering at 873 K (600 °C) for 1 hour. From microscopic examinations, the fusion zone was observed to mainly consist of tempered lath martensite and some residual delta-ferrite. The mechanical properties were evaluated in the post-weld tempered condition and correlated to the microstructures and defects. The ultimate tensile strength and Charpy impact energy values of the fully penetrated welds in the tempered condition were acceptable according to ASTM, ASME, and industrial specifications, which bodes well for the introduction of hybrid laser-arc welding technology for the manufacturing of next generation hydroelectric turbine components. DA - 2016/01/14 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Boston, MA, USA LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ae6e3a6b-7d95-405b-9175-685d801b4184 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hybrid laser-arc welding of 10-mm-thick cast martensitic stainless steel CA6NM: as-welded microstructure and mechanical properties DO - 10.1007/s11661-016-3523-6 AU - Mirakhorli, Fatemeh AU - Cao, Xinjin AU - Pham, Xuan-Tan AU - Wanjara, Priti AU - Fihey, Jean-Luc T2 - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A SN - 1073-5623 SN - 1543-1940 VL - 47 IS - 7 SP - 3545 EP - 3563 KW - Metallic materials KW - Nanotechnology KW - Thin films KW - Structural materials KW - Surfaces and interfaces KW - Characterization of materials KW - Evaluation of materials AB - Cast CA6NM martensitic stainless steel plates, 10 mm in thickness, were welded using hybrid laser-arc welding. The effect of different welding speeds on the as-welded joint integrity was characterized in terms of the weld bead geometry, defects, microstructure, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and impact energy. Significant defects such as porosity, root humping, underfill, and excessive penetration were observed at a low welding speed (0.5 m/min). However, the underfill depth and excessive penetration in the joints manufactured at welding speeds above 0.75 m/min met the specifications of ISO 12932. Characterization of the as-welded microstructure revealed untempered martensite and residual delta ferrite dispersed at prior-austenite grain boundaries in the fusion zone. In addition, four different heat-affected zones in the weldments were differentiated through hardness mapping and inference from the Fe-Cr-Ni ternary phase diagram. The tensile fracture occurred in the base metal for all the samples and fractographic analysis showed that the crack path is within the martensite matrix, along primary delta ferrite–martensite interfaces and within the primary delta ferrite. Additionally, Charpy impact testing demonstrated slightly higher fracture energy values and deeper dimples on the fracture surface of the welds manufactured at higher welding speeds due to grain refinement and/or lower porosity. DA - 2016/04/28 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Boston, MA, USA LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1bea8b43-ce9f-49af-9f95-99498a3ba880 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Insights into planet formation from debris disks: I. the solar system as an archetype for planetesimal evolution DO - 10.1007/s11214-016-0249-0 AU - Matthews, Brenda C. AU - Kavelaars, J. J. T2 - Space Science Reviews SN - 0038-6308 SN - 1572-9672 SP - 1 EP - 18 KW - Circumstellar disks KW - Planet formation AB - Circumstellar disks have long been regarded as windows into planetary systems. The advent of high sensitivity, high resolution imaging in the submillimeter where both the solid and gas components of disks can be detected opens up new possibilities for understanding the dynamical histories of these systems and therefore, a better ability to place our own solar system, which hosts a highly evolved debris disk, in context. Comparisons of dust masses from protoplanetary and debris disks have revealed a stark downturn in mass in millimeter-sized grains around a stellar age of 10 Myr, ostensibly in the “transition disk” phase, suggesting a period of rapid accretion of such grains onto planetesimals. This rapid formation phase is in keeping with radionucleide studies of Kuiper Belt Objects in the solar system. Importantly, this suggests that any thermal gradients in the gas of disks of this era will be “frozen in” to the planetesimals as they rapidly accrete from the solids and ices in their vicinity. Measurements of radial gradients in thermal tracers such as DHO, DCN and other tracers can therefore provide insight into the nascent solar system’s abundances. In studies of dynamical evolution of the solar system, it is tacitly assumed that such abundances can reveal the location of formation for bodies now found in the asteroid belt and Kuiper belt. Similarly, evidence of gas detected from collisional evolution in young debris disks could potentially reveal how rapidly objects have dynamically evolved in those systems, most of which will be significantly younger than the solar system. DA - 2016/05/17 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b23557f1-a0b1-4e96-bf9e-e5104dbaa458 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutritional quality of some wild and cultivated seaweeds: nutrient composition, total phenolic content and in vitro digestibility DO - 10.1007/s10811-016-0863-y AU - Tibbetts, Sean M. AU - Milley, Joyce E. AU - Lall, Santosh P. T2 - Journal of Applied Phycology SN - 0921-8971 SN - 1573-5176 SP - 1 EP - 11 KW - Seaweeds KW - Composition KW - Amino acids KW - Minerals KW - In vitro digestibility KW - Total phenolic content AB - Nutrient composition, total phenolic content (TPC) and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of wild and cultivated seaweeds were determined. Seaweeds had a high range of protein (7–31 % of dry weight (DW)), lipid (3–13 % DW), carbohydrate (32–60 % DW), ash (9–45 % DW) and energy (10–18 MJ kg⁻¹ DW). Seaweeds had favourable amino acid (AA) profiles with moderate (0.77–0.86) to high (0.93–1.07) essential AA indices. Major minerals and trace elements included calcium (0.1–1.1 % DW), magnesium (0.2–0.8 % DW), phosphorous (0.1–0.6 % DW), potassium (2.1–4.6 % DW), sodium (1.1–3.9 % DW), sulphur (0.4–6.5 % DW), copper (1–21 mg kg⁻¹ DW), iron (26–945 mg kg⁻¹ DW), manganese (3–191 mg kg⁻¹ DW) and zinc (28–74 mg kg⁻¹ DW). Red seaweeds contained low TPC (4–5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g⁻¹ DW) whereas most brown seaweeds contained moderate (11–18 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW) to high levels (47–59 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW). IVPD was mid-range (82–87 %) for Saccharina latissima, Palmaria palmata (W), Palmaria palmata (M-S), Chondrus crispus, Meristotheca papulosa and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii and lower (79 %) for Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Alaria esculenta. Despite relatively good AA profiles, estimated digestible protein (DP) levels for seaweeds were generally low (<15 % DW) with exception of moderate levels (16–24 % DW) for P. palmata (W), P. palmata (M-S) and S. gaudichaudii. A highly significant inverse correlation (r = −0.81, R² = 0.83, P < 0.001) was found between TPC and IVPD of seaweeds (IVPD = 89.198 × TPC⁻⁰.⁰³⁵). The following species-specific nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were determined: P. palmata (W), 6.28; P. palmata (M-S), 4.54; C. crispus, 4.85; S. gaudichaudii, 5.55. DA - 2016/05/06 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : eed66233-b31b-4d97-8a2b-5ac713e9970b ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solution to precision mixology challenge DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-9413-3 AU - Meija, Juris T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 408 IS - 12 SP - 3055 EP - 3056 DA - 2016/04/13 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 47976272-736f-44d4-857d-c146d70735ca ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phenylbutazone purity challenge DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-9412-4 AU - Mcrae, Garnet AU - Leek, Donald M. AU - Pagliano, Enea T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 408 IS - 12 SP - 3051 EP - 3053 DA - 2016/04/13 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 88636de9-f762-4508-8f17-22aac42a4c62 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Future changes to drought characteristics over the Canadian Prairie Provinces based on NARCCAP multi-RCM ensemble DO - 10.1007/s00382-016-3232-2 AU - Masud, M. B. AU - Khaliq, M. N. AU - Wheater, H. S. T2 - Climate Dynamics SN - 0930-7575 SN - 1432-0894 SP - 1 EP - 21 KW - Drought characteristics KW - Copula KW - Multivariate frequency analysis KW - Multivariate homogeneity testing KW - Regional climate model KW - NARCCAP KW - Canadian prairie provinces AB - This study assesses projected changes to drought characteristics in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, the prairie provinces of Canada, using a multi-regional climate model (RCM) ensemble available through the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program. Simulations considered include those performed with six RCMs driven by National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis II for the 1981–2003 period and those driven by four Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Models for the 1970–1999 and 2041–2070 periods (i.e. eleven current and the same number of corresponding future period simulations). Drought characteristics are extracted using two drought indices, namely the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Regional frequency analysis is used to project changes to selected 20- and 50-year regional return levels of drought characteristics for fifteen homogeneous regions, covering the study area. In addition, multivariate analyses of drought characteristics, derived on the basis of 6-month SPI and SPEI values, are developed using the copula approach for each region. Analysis of multi-RCM ensemble-averaged projected changes to mean and selected return levels of drought characteristics show increases over the southern and south-western parts of the study area. Based on bi- and trivariate joint occurrence probabilities of drought characteristics, the southern regions along with the central regions are found highly drought vulnerable, followed by the southwestern and southeastern regions. Compared to the SPI-based analysis, the results based on SPEI suggest drier conditions over many regions in the future, indicating potential effects of rising temperatures on drought risks. These projections will be useful in the development of appropriate adaptation strategies for the water and agricultural sectors, which play an important role in the economy of the study area. DA - 2016/06/14 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a1839c81-dce2-4c5f-b29c-af43326c7b1d ER - TY - JOUR TI - A saturated SNP linkage map for the orange wheat blossom midge resistance gene Sm1 DO - 10.1007/s00122-016-2720-4 AU - Kassa, Mulualem T. AU - Haas, Sabrina AU - Schliephake, Edgar AU - Lewis, Clare AU - You, Frank M. AU - Pozniak, Curtis J. AU - Krämer, Ilona AU - Perovic, Dragan AU - Sharpe, Andrew G. AU - Fobert, Pierre R. AU - Koch, Michael AU - Wise, Ian L. AU - Fenwick, Paul AU - Berry, Simon AU - Simmonds, James AU - Hourcade, Delphine AU - Senellart, Patrice AU - Duchalais, Laure AU - Robert, Olivier AU - Förster, Jutta AU - Thomas, Julian B. AU - Friedt, Wolfgang AU - Ordon, Frank AU - Uauy, Cristobal AU - McCartney, Curt A. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics SN - 0040-5752 SN - 1432-2242 SP - 1 EP - 11 KW - Plant breeding and biotechnology KW - Plant genetics KW - Plant biochemistry KW - Plant genomics AB - Orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin) is an important insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in many growing regions. Sm1 is the only described OWBM resistance gene and is the foundation of managing OWBM through host genetics. Sm1 was previously mapped to wheat chromosome arm 2BS relative to simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the dominant, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker WM1. The objectives of this research were to saturate the Sm1 region with markers, develop improved markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS), and examine the synteny between wheat, Brachypodium distachyon, and rice (Oryza sativa) in the Sm1 region. The present study mapped Sm1 in four populations relative to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SSRs, Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers, single strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs), and the SCAR WM1. Numerous high quality SNP assays were designed that mapped near Sm1. BLAST delineated the syntenic intervals in B. distachyon and rice using gene-based SNPs as query sequences. The Sm1 region in wheat was inverted relative to B. distachyon and rice, which suggests a chromosomal rearrangement within the Triticeae lineage. Seven SNPs were tested on a collection of wheat lines known to carry Sm1 and not to carry Sm1. Sm1-flanking SNPs were identified that were useful for predicting the presence or absence of Sm1 based upon haplotype. These SNPs will be a major improvement for MAS of Sm1 in wheat breeding programs. DA - 2016/05/09 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 43c3c5c2-cc2f-44ae-a192-405fcae10052 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic mapping of SrCad and SNP marker development for marker-assisted selection of Ug99 stem rust resistance in wheat DO - 10.1007/s00122-016-2709-z AU - Kassa, Mulualem T. AU - You, Frank M. AU - Fetch, Tom G. AU - Fobert, Pierre AU - Sharpe, Andrew AU - Pozniak, Curtis J. AU - Menzies, James G. AU - Jordan, Mark C. AU - Humphreys, Gavin AU - Zhu, Tingting AU - Luo, Ming-Cheng AU - McCartney, Curt A. AU - Hiebert, Colin W. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics SN - 0040-5752 SN - 1432-2242 VL - 129 IS - 7 SP - 1373 EP - 1382 AB - Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Development of cultivars with effective resistance has been the primary means to control this disease, but the appearance of new virulent strains such as Ug99 has rendered most wheat varieties vulnerable. The stem rust resistance gene SrCad located on chromosome arm 6DS has provided excellent resistance to various strains of Ug99 in field nurseries conducted in Njoro, Kenya since 2005. Three genetic populations were used to identify SNP markers closely linked to the SrCad locus. Of 220 SNP markers evaluated, 27 were found to be located within a 2 cM region surrounding SrCad. The diagnostic potential of these SNPs was evaluated in a diverse set of 50 wheat lines that were primarily of Canadian origin with known presence or absence of SrCad. Three SNP markers tightly linked proximally to SrCad and one SNP that co-segregated with SrCad were completely predictive of the presence or absence of SrCad. These markers also differentiated SrCad from Sr42 and SrTmp which are also located in the same region of chromosome arm 6DS. These markers should be useful in marker-assisted breeding to develop new wheat varieties containing SrCad-based resistance to Ug99 stem rust. DA - 2016/04/18 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c95e6d22-4ea1-45fb-a734-420a6fc47b3a ER - TY - CHAP TI - Intelligent adaptive ensembles for data stream mining: a high return on investment approach DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-39315-5_5 AU - Olorunnimbe, M. Kehinde AU - Viktor, Herna L. AU - Paquet, Eric T2 - New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science; no. 9607 T3 - 4th International Workshop on New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns, September 7, 2015, Porto, Portugal SN - 0302-9743 SN - 1611-3349 SN - 978-3-319-39314-8 SN - 978-3-319-39315-5 SP - 61 EP - 75 KW - Data streams KW - Metalearning KW - Adaptive ensemble size KW - Return on investment KW - OzaBag AB - Online ensemble methods have been very successful to create accurate models against data streams that are susceptible to concept drift. The success of data stream mining has allowed diverse users to analyse their data in multiple domains, ranging from monitoring stock markets to analysing network traffic and exploring ATM transactions. Increasingly, data stream mining applications are running on mobile devices, utilizing the variety of data generated by sensors and network technologies. Subsequently, there has been a surge in interest in mobile (or so-called pocket) data stream mining, aiming to construct near real-time models. However, it follows that the computational resources are limited and that there is a need to adapt analytics to map the resource usage requirements. In this context, the resultant models produced by such algorithms should thus not only be highly accurate and be able to swiftly adapt to changes. Rather, the data mining techniques should also be fast, scalable, and efficient in terms of resource allocation. It then becomes important to consider Return on Investment (ROI) issues such as storage space needs and memory utilization. This paper introduces the Adaptive Ensemble Size (AES) algorithm, an extension of the Online Bagging method, to address this issue. Our AES method dynamically adapts the sizes of ensembles, based on the most recent memory usage requirements. Our results when comparing our AES algorithm with the state-of-the-art indicate that we are able to obtain a high Return on Investment (ROI) without compromising on the accuracy of the results. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 80e8aa40-d84e-4f6a-ac12-2ef3f5fa0791 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Advances in artificial intelligence DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-34111-8 AU - Khoury, Richard AU - Drummond, Christopher T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science; no. 9673 T3 - 29th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, May 31-June3, 2016, Victoria, BC, Canada SN - 0302-9743 SN - 1611-3349 SN - 978-3-319-34110-1 SN - 978-3-319-34111-8 KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Information systems applications KW - Information storage and retrieval KW - Language translation and linguistics KW - Computation by abstract devices KW - Data mining KW - Knowledge discovery AB - This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Canadian AI 2016, held in Victoria, BC, Canada, in May/June 2016. The 12 full papers and 27 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 97 submissions. The focus of the conference was on the following subjects: actions and behaviours, audio and visual recognition, natural language processing, reasoning and learning, streams and distributed computing. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ab6498f7-b659-4f51-b6bc-7c769f3ad53d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Site-specific conjugation of the quencher on peptide's N-terminal for the synthesis of a targeted non-spreading activatable optical probe DO - 10.1002/psc.2884 AU - Simard, Bryan AU - Mironov, Gleb G. AU - Tomanek, Boguslaw AU - van Veggel, Frank C. J. M. AU - Abulrob, Abedelnasser T2 - Journal of Peptide Science SN - 1075-2617 VL - 22 IS - 6 SP - 415 EP - 420 KW - N-terminal KW - Site-specific KW - Conjugation KW - Quencher KW - Fluorescence KW - Targeted KW - Smart probe KW - Activatable AB - Optical imaging offers high sensitivity and portability at low cost. The design of ‘smart’ or ‘activatable’ probes can decrease the background noise and increase the specificity of the signal. By conjugating a fluorescent dye and a compatible quencher on each side of an enzyme's substrate, the signal remains in its ‘off ’ state until it reaches the area where a specific enzyme is expressed. However, the signal can leak from that area unless the dye is attached to a molecule able to bind to a specific target also presented in that area. The aim of this study was to (i) specifically conjugate the quencher on the α-amino group of the peptide's N-terminus, (ii) conjugate the dye on the ε-amino group of a lysine in C-terminus, and (iii) conjugate the carboxyl group of the peptide's C-terminus to an amino group present on an antibody, using carbodiimide chemistry. The use of protecting groups, such as Boc or Fmoc, to allow site-specific conjugation, presents several drawbacks including ‘on beads labeling’, additional steps required for deprotection and removal from the resin, decreased yield, and dye degradation. A method of preferential labeling of α-amino N-terminal group in slightly acidic solution, proposed by Selo et al. (1996) has partially solved the problem. The present study reports improvements of the method allowing to (i) avoid the homo-bilabeling, (ii) increase the yield of the N-terminal labeling by two folds, and (iii) decrease the cost by 44-fold. DA - 2016/06/10 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f14b18a6-e1df-4d95-b2a3-89d99dcc8560 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disorder of hydrofluorocarbon molecules entrapped in the water cages of structure I clathrate hydrate DO - 10.1002/chem.201600122 AU - Takeya, Satoshi AU - Udachin, Konstantin A. AU - Moudrakovski, Igor L. AU - Ohmura, Ryo AU - Ripmeester, John A. T2 - Chemistry - A European Journal SN - 0947-6539 VL - 22 IS - 22 SP - 7567 EP - 7573 KW - clathrates KW - fluorine KW - host–guest systems KW - hydrates KW - X-ray diffraction AB - Water versus fluorine: Clathrate hydrates encaging hydrofluorocarbons as guests show both isotropic and anisotropic distributions within host water cages, depending on the number of fluorine atoms in the guest molecule; this is caused by changes in intermolecular interactions to host water molecules in the hydrates DA - 2016/04/23 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e138d6ad-fc04-4e39-9ada-3cb67a7285af ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification and construction of combinatory cancer hallmark–based gene signature sets to predict recurrence and chemotherapy benefit in stage II colorectal cancer DO - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.3413 AU - Gao, Shanwu AU - Tibiche, Chabane AU - Zou, Jinfeng AU - Zaman, Naif AU - Trifiro, Mark AU - O’Connor-McCourt, Maureen AU - Wang, Edwin T2 - JAMA Oncology SN - 2374-2437 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 45 AB - IMPORTANCE Decisions regarding adjuvant therapy in patients with stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) have been among the most challenging and controversial in oncology over the past 20 years. OBJECTIVE To develop robust combinatory cancer hallmark–based gene signature sets (CSS sets) that more accurately predict prognosis and identify a subset of patients with stage II CRC who could gain survival benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Thirteen retrospective studies of patients with stage II CRC who had clinical follow-up and adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. Respective totals of 162 and 843 patients from 2 and 11 independent cohorts were used as the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. A total of 1005 patients with stage II CRC were included in the 13 cohorts. Among them, 84 of 416 patients in 3 independent cohorts received fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Identification of CSS sets to predict relapse-free survival and identify a subset of patients with stage II CRC who could gain substantial survival benefits from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Eight cancer hallmark–based gene signatures (30 genes each) were identified and used to construct CSS sets for determining prognosis. The CSS sets were validated in 11 independent cohorts of 767 patients with stage II CRC who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. The CSS sets accurately stratified patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups. Five-year relapse-free survival rates were 94%, 78%, and 45%, respectively, representing 60%, 28%, and 12% of patients with stage II disease. The 416 patients with CSS set–defined high-risk stage II CRC who received fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy showed a substantial gain in survival benefits from the treatment (ie, recurrence reduced by 30%-40% in 5 years). Conclusions and Relevance The CSS sets substantially outperformed other prognostic predictors of stage 2 CRC. They are more accurate and robust for prognostic predictions and facilitate the identification of patients with stage II disease who could gain survival benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. DA - 2016/01/01 PY - 2016 PB - American Medical Association LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e8223e68-3797-4ba5-9952-6894d04b7fa6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long short-term memory over recursive structures AU - Zhu, Xiaodan AU - Sobhani, Parinaz AU - Guo, Hongyu T2 - 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning(ICML 2015) T3 - 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning, July 6-11, 2015, Lille, France SN - 9781510810587 VL - 2 SP - 1604 EP - 1612 KW - artificial intelligence; brain; computational linguistics; semantics; speech recognition; speech transmission; trees (mathematics); composition layers; long distance interactions; long short term memory; machine translations; natural language understanding; recursive modeling; recursive structure; semantic composition; learning systems AB - The chain-structured long short-term memory (LSTM) has showed to be effective in a wide range of problems such as speech recognition and machine translation. In this paper, we propose to extend it to tree structures, in which a memory cell can reflect the history memories of multiple child cells or multiple descendant cells in a recursive process. We call the model S-LSTM, which provides a principled way of considering long-distance interaction over hierarchies, e.g., language or image parse structures. We leverage the models for semantic composition to understand the meaning of text, a fundamental problem in natural language understanding, and show that it outperforms a state-of-the-art recursive model by replacing its composition layers with the S-LSTM memory blocks. We also show that utilizing the given structures is helpful in achieving a performance better than that without considering the structures. DA - 2016/03 PY - 2016 PB - International Machine Learning Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 3f52b3f9-330f-4ca8-95b8-1c3a68fc4fa7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rolling contact fatigue, wear and broken rail derailments DO - 10.1016/j.wear.2016.06.009 AU - Magel, Eric AU - Mutton, Peter AU - Ekberg, Anders AU - Kapoor, Ajay T2 - Wear SN - 0043-1648 SN - 1873-2577 AB - Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and wear are inevitable in the wheel/rail system, but resulting failures and derailments need not also be inevitable. Understanding why and under which conditions broken rails and derailments are likely to occur will focus research, inspection and maintenance efforts to minimize their probability. RCF leads to many broken rails, and rails with severe RCF damage are difficult to inspect. Yet wear reduces the extent of crack growth and hence can be beneficial in some cases. On the other hand, wear changes wheel and rail profiles, may expose virgin material to contact stresses, and reduces the section strength, which may lead to higher stress from bending and torsion. These influences are explored together with case studies of operational derailments. Based on this information and the current state of the art – both theoretical and practical – a number of issues are raised which need to be addressed through further developments in understanding and mitigating strategies to reduce the risk of failures from RCF and wear. DA - 2016/06 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : ca2dd2ef-04ac-48b2-9a33-980b4b7ede69 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Template-free synthesis of three-dimensional nanoporous N-doped graphene for high performance fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.074 AU - Tang, Sheng AU - Zhou, Xuejun AU - Xu, Nengneng AU - Bai, Zhengyu AU - Qiao, Jinli AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - Applied Energy SN - 0306-2619 VL - 175 SP - 405 EP - 413 KW - Nitrogen-doped nanoporous graphene KW - Oxygen reduction reaction KW - Fuel cell KW - Metal–air-battery AB - Three-dimensional nanoporous nitrogen-doped graphene (3D-PNG) has been synthesized through a facial one-step synthesis method without additional silica template. The as-prepared 3D-PNGwas used as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which shows excellent electrochemistry performance, demonstrated by half-cell electrochemical evaluation in 0.1 M KOH including prominent ORR activity, four electron-selectivity and remarkable methanol poisoning stability compared to commercial 20%Pt/C catalyst. The physical and surface properties of 3D-PNG catalyst were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and BET surface area analysis. The experiments show that 3D-PNG catalyst possesses super-large specific surface area reaching 920 m²g⁻¹, which is superior to our most recently reported 3D-PNG synthesized by silica template (670 m²g⁻¹) and other doped graphene catalysts in literature. When used for constructing a zinc–air battery cathode, such an 3D-PNG catalyst can give a discharge peak power density of 275 mW cm⁻². All the results announce a unique procedure to product high-efficiency graphene-based non-noble metal catalyst materials for electrochemical energy devices including both fuel cells and metal–air batteries. DA - 2016/04/19 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 23b04e7f-828c-4ab4-9904-b26dc2cfebc2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodology for quantifying the volatile mixing state of an aerosol DO - 10.1080/02786826.2016.1185509 AU - Dickau, Matthew AU - Olfert, Jason AU - Stettler, Marc E. J. AU - Boies, Adam AU - Momenimovahed, Ali AU - Thomson, Kevin AU - Smallwood, Greg AU - Johnson, Mark T2 - Aerosol Science and Technology SN - 0278-6826 SN - 1521-7388 VL - 50 IS - 8 SP - 759 EP - 772 AB - Mixing state refers to the relative proportions of chemical species in an aerosol, and the way these species are combined; either as a population where each particle consists of a single species (‘externallymixed’) or where all particles individually consist of two or more species (‘internally mixed’) or the casewhere some particles are pure and some particles consist of multiple species. The mixing state affects optical and hygroscopic properties, and quantifying it is therefore important for studying an aerosol’s climate impact. In this article, we describe a method to quantify the volatile mixing state of an aerosol using a differential mobility analyzer, centrifugal particle mass analyzer, catalytic denuder, and condensation particle counter by measuring the mass distributions of the volatile and non-volatile components of an aerosol and determining how the material is mixed within and between particles as a function of mobility diameter. Themethod is demonstrated using two aerosol samples from aminiCAST soot generator, one with a high elemental carbon (EC) content, and one with a high organic carbon (OC) content. The measurements are presented in terms of themass distribution of the volatile and non-volatilematerial, as well asmeasures of diversity and mixing state parameter. It was found that the high-EC soot nearly consisted of only pure particles where 86% of the total mass was non-volatile. The high-OC soot consisted of either pure volatile particles or particles that contained a mixture of volatile and non-volatile material where 8% of the total mass was pure volatile particles and 70% was non-volatile material (with the remaining 22% being volatile material condensed on non-volatile particles). DA - 2016/05/09 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b08cc989-ae30-4675-ad36-699f3802e5c9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultrafast laser inscribed fiber Bragg gratings for sensing applications DO - 10.1117/12.2229313 AU - Mihailov, Stephen T2 - SPIE Newsroom SN - 1818-2259 AB - Silica optical fiber Bragg grating sensors made with ultrafast lasers are ideally suited for sensing in high-temperature environments. DA - 2016/06/04 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0b841e8c-ace4-4583-bace-5837227f43f4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - New technique for fabrication of low loss high temperature stable high reflectivity FBG sensor arrays DO - 10.1117/12.2220789 AU - Mihailov, Stephen J. AU - Grobnic, Dan AU - Walker, Robert B. AU - Hnatovsky, Cyril A. AU - Ding, Huimin AU - Coulas, David AU - Lu, Ping T2 - Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XIII T2 - Proceedings of SPIE; no. 9852 T3 - Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XIII, 12 May 2016 SN - 9781510600935 SP - 98520F-1 KW - fiber optic sensor; fiber Bragg grating; femtosecond laser machining; photosensitivity AB - Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) arrays in silica based optical fibers are increasingly used in applications involving system monitoring in extreme high temperature environments. Where operational temperatures are < 600 °C, traditional UVlaser inscribed FBGs are not appropriate since the induced Type I index change is erased. Instead two competing FBG technologies exist: 1) regenerative FBGs resulting from high temperature annealing of a UV-laser written grating in a hydrogen loaded fiber and 2) FBGs written with femtosecond infrared pulse duration radiation (fs-IR), either using the point-by-point method or using the phase mask approach. Regenerative gratings possess low reflectivity and are cumbersome to produce, requiring high temperature processing in an oxygen free environment. Multiple pulse Type II femtosecond IR laser induced gratings made with a phase mask, while having very good thermal stability, also tend to have high insertion loss (~ 1dB/grating) limiting the number of gratings that can be concatenated in a sensor array. Recently it has been shown that during multiple pulse type II thermally stable fs-IR FBG production, two competing process occur: an initial induced fs-IR type I FBG followed by a thermally stable high insertion loss type II FBG. In this paper, we show that if only a type I FBG is written using type II intensity conditions but limited numbers of pulses and then annealed above 600 °C, the process results in a type II grating that is stable up to 1000°C with very low insertion loss ideal for an FBG sensor array. DA - 2016/05/12 PY - 2016 PB - SPIE LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b08a2003-4584-42a0-941f-8508e8960a8d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phenylbutazone purity challenge DO - 10.1007/s00216-016-9412-4 AU - McRae, Garnet AU - Leek, Donald M. AU - Pagliano, Enea T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 408 IS - 12 SP - 3051 EP - 3053 AB - We would like to invite you to participate in the Analytical Challenge, a series of puzzles to entertain and challenge our readers. This special feature of “Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry” has established itself as a truly unique quiz series, with a new scientific puzzle published every other month. Readers can access the complete collection of published problems with their solutions on the ABC homepage at http://www. springer.com/abc. Test your knowledge and tease your wits in diverse areas of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry by viewing this collection. In the present challenge, purity is the topic. And please note that there is a prize to be won (a Springer book of your choice up to a value of €100). Please read on... DA - 2016/04/13 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : eaba3ef0-4839-4001-a928-2c16b7735462 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Graphene/Na carboxymethyl cellulose composite for Li-ion batteries prepared by enhanced liquid exfoliation DO - 10.1016/j.mseb.2016.04.003 AU - Naboka, Olga AU - Yim, Chae-Ho AU - Abu-Lebdeh, Yaser T2 - Materials Science and Engineering B SN - 0921-5107 SP - MSB-13860 AB - In the present work, we report a sonication-assisted exfoliation method of graphene preparationenhanced by the use of microwave heating and “green” exfoliant – sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(NaCMC). Introducing microwave heating during sonication of graphite dispersions in aqueous solutionsof NaCMC results in the formation of graphene dispersions with concentration as high as 4.29 mg/ml. It isfound that drying the dispersions results in the formation of graphene/NaCMC composites with graphenecontent up to 38.65 wt%. A study of the composite with High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopyand Raman Spectroscopy reveals the formation of few-layer graphene approximately below five layers.The as-prepared graphene/NaCMC composite shows higher capacities than commercial graphite in Li-ionhalf cells reaching 397 mAh/g(graphene). Also, when the composite is used with a nanosilicon (33 wt%) in aLi-ion half cell high initial reversible capacities of 1611 mAh/g(Si)with good cyclability and rate capabilityhave been reached. DA - 2016/04/24 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 53b49153-7e23-4e60-9847-41177eef882f ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microstructured human fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix scaffold for vascular media fabrication DO - 10.1002/term. AU - Bourget, Jean-Michel AU - Laterreur, Véronique AU - Gauvin, Robert AU - Guillemette, Maxime D. AU - Miville-Godin, Caroline AU - Mounier, Maxence AU - Tondreau, Maxime Y. AU - Tremblay, Catherine AU - Labbé, Raymond AU - Ruel, Jean AU - Auger, François A. AU - Veres, Teodor AU - Germain, Lucie T2 - Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine SN - 1932-6254 SN - 1932-7005 KW - anisotropy; smooth muscle cells; vascular; tissue engineering; media; microfabrication; contact guidance; photolithography AB - In the clinical and pharmacological fields, there is a need for the production of tissue-engineered smalldiameter blood vessels. We have demonstrated previously that the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by fibroblasts can be used as a scaffold to support three-dimensional (3D) growth of another cell type. Thus, a resistant tissue-engineered vascular media can be produced when such scaffolds are used to culture smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The present study was designed to develop an anisotropic fibroblastic ECM sheet that could replicate the physiological architecture of blood vessels after being assembled into a small diameter vascular conduit. Anisotropic ECM scaffolds were produced using human dermal fibroblasts, grown on a microfabricated substrate with a specific topography, which led to cell alignment and unidirectional ECM assembly. Following their devitalization, the scaffolds were seeded with SMCs. These cells elongated and migrated in a single direction, following a specific angle relative to the direction of the aligned fibroblastic ECM. Their resultant ECM stained for collagen I and III and elastin, and the cells expressed SMC differentiation markers. Seven days after SMCs seeding, the sheets were rolled around a mandrel to form a tissue-engineered vascular media. The resulting anisotropic ECM and cell alignment induced an increase in the mechanical strength and vascular reactivity in the circumferential direction as compared to unaligned constructs. DA - 2016/04/28 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 11e1b807-fa3b-42b7-8e60-ca83f69542e1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guidance for the model user on representing human behavior in egress models DO - 10.1007/s10694-016-0586-2 AU - Kuligowski, Erica D. AU - Gwynne, Steven M. V. AU - Kinsey, Michael J. AU - Hulse, Lynn T2 - Fire Technology SN - 0015-2684 SN - 1572-8099 KW - Egress model; Performance-based design; Human behavior; Fires; Required safe egress time; Egress; Modeling AB - Structures are currently designed and constructed in accordance with prescriptive and performance-based (PBD) methodologies to ensure a certain level of occupant safety during fire emergencies. The performance-based approach requires the quantification of both ASET (Available Safe Egress Time) and RSET (Required Safe Egress Time) to determine the degree of safety provided. This article focuses on the RSET side of the equation, for which a fire protection or fire safety engineer would use some type of egress modelling approach to estimate evacuation performance. Often, simple engineering equations are applied to estimate the RSET value. Over time, more sophisticated computational tools have appeared—that go beyond basic flow calculations; e.g. simulating individual agent movement. Irrespective of the approach adopted, appropriate and accurate representation of human behavior in response to fire within these approaches is limited, mainly due to the lack of a comprehensive conceptual model of evacuee decision-making and behavior during fire emergencies. This article initially presents the set of behavioral statements, or minitheories, currently available from various fire and disaster studies, organized using the overarching theory of decision-making and human behavior in disasters. Once presented, guidance is provided on how these behavioral statements might be incorporated into an evacuation model, in order to better represent human behavior in fire within the safety analysis being performed. The intent here is to improve the accuracy of the results produced by performance-based calculations and analyses. DA - 2016/05 PY - 2016 PB - Springer Science+Business Media LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 74fe4339-e473-4e0f-abbd-2a95d867c50a ER - TY - JOUR TI - JadX is a disparate natural product binding protein DO - 10.1021/jacs.5b11286 AU - Robertson, Andrew W. AU - Forget, Stephanie M. AU - Martinez-Farina, Camilo F. AU - McCormick, Nicole E. AU - Syvitski, Raymond T. AU - Jakeman, David L. T2 - Journal of the American Chemical Society SN - 0002-7863 SN - 1520-5126 VL - 138 IS - 7 SP - 2200 EP - 2208 AB - We report that JadX, a protein of previously undetermined function coded for in the jadomycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, affects both chloramphenicol and jadomycin production levels in blocked mutants. Characterization of recombinant JadX through protein–ligand interactions by chemical shift perturbation and WaterLOGSY NMR spectroscopy resulted in the observation of binding between JadX and a series of jadomycins and between JadX and chloramphenicol, another natural product produced by S. venezuelae ISP5230. These results suggest JadX to be an unusual class of natural product binding protein involved in binding structurally disparate natural products. The ability for JadX to bind two different natural products in vitro and the ability to affect production of these secondary metabolites in vivo suggest a potential role in regulation or signaling. This is the first example of functional characterization of these JadX-like proteins, and provides insight into a previously unobserved regulatory process. DA - 2016/01/27 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1cef32c4-4c83-4b35-af83-2602ff6d1af3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultrasensitive speciation analysis of mercury in rice by headspace solid phase microextraction using porous carbons and gas chromatography-dielectric barrier discharge optical emission spectrometry DO - 10.1021/acs.est.5b04328 AU - Lin, Yao AU - Yang, Yuan AU - Li, Yuxuan AU - Yang, Lu AU - Hou, Xiandeng AU - Feng, Xinbin AU - Zheng, Chengbin T2 - Environmental Science & Technology SN - 0013-936X SN - 1520-5851 VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 2468 EP - 2476 AB - Rice consumption is a primary pathway for human methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in inland mercury mining areas of Asia. In addition, the use of iodomethane, a common fumigant that significantly accelerates the methylation of mercury in soil under sunlight, could increase the MeHg exposure from rice. Conventional hyphenated techniques used for mercury speciation analysis are usually too costly for most developing countries. Consequently, there is an increased interest in the development of sensitive and inexpensive methods for the speciation of mercury in rice. In this work, gas chromatography (GC) coupled to dielectric barrier discharge optical emission spectrometry (DBD-OES) was developed for the speciation analysis of mercury in rice. Prior to GC-DBD-OES analysis, mercury species were derivatized to their volatile species with NaBPh4 and preconcentrated by headspace solid phase microextraction using porous carbons. Limits of detection of 0.5 μg kg⁻¹ (0.16 ng), 0.75 μg kg⁻¹ (0.24 ng), and 1.0 μg kg⁻¹ (0.34 ng) were obtained for Hg²⁺, CH₃Hg⁺, and CH₃CH₂Hg⁺, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) better than 5.2% and 6.8% for one fiber or fiber-to-fiber mode, respectively. Recoveries of 90–105% were obtained for the rice samples, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed technique. Owing to the small size, low power, and low gas consumption of DBD-OES as well as efficient extraction of mercury species by porous carbons headspace solid phase micro-extraction, the proposed technique provides several advantages including compactness, cost-effectiveness, and potential to couple with miniature GC to accomplish the field speciation of mercury in rice compared to conventional hyphenated techniques. DA - 2016/02/01 PY - 2016 PB - ACS Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 575e0ea9-d408-45dd-b490-89c4eca1aac5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microwave photoresistance in an ultra-high-quality GaAs quantum well DO - 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.121305 AU - Shi, Q. AU - Studenikin, S. A. AU - Zudov, M. A. AU - Baldwin, K. W. AU - Pfeiffer, L. N. AU - West, K. W. T2 - Physical Review B SN - 2469-9950 SN - 2469-9969 VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 121305(R) SP - 1 EP - 6 AB - The temperature dependence of microwave-induced resistance oscillations (MIRO), according to the theory, originates from electron-electron scattering. This scattering affects both the quantum lifetime, or the density of states, and the inelastic lifetime, which governs the relaxation of the nonequilibrium distribution function. Here, we report on MIRO in an ultra-high-mobility (μ>3×10⁷cm²/V s) two-dimensional electron gas at T between 0.3 and 1.8 K. In contrast to theoretical predictions, the quantum lifetime is found to be T independent in the whole temperature range studied. At the same time, the T dependence of the inelastic lifetime is much stronger than can be expected from electron-electron interactions. DA - 2016/03/14 PY - 2016 PB - American Physical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 6f15cf6e-4f15-49fe-911a-ee5351eef85d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prediction of a stable half-metal ferromagnetic BaCl solid DO - 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.094428 AU - Greschner, Michael J. AU - Klug, Dennis D. AU - Yao, Yansun T2 - Physical Review B SN - 2469-9950 SN - 2469-9969 VL - 93 IS - 9 SP - 094428 SP - 1 EP - 6 AB - The modification of Ba in BaCl compounds from alkaline-metal to transition- and half-metal behavior is explored. High-pressure structural changes in BaCl are predicted using an ab initio structure search method. Dynamically stable bcc and R−3m forms of BaCl are predicted at 15 and 10 GPa, respectively. The BaCl forms are more stable than elemental Ba plus BaCl₂ above ∼10 GPa. Ba in stable BaCl adopts transition-metal properties via an s−d transition. At ambient pressure the fcc structure is ferromagnetic, and the bcc structure is half metallic and ferromagnetic. The transition-metal electronic structure found is sufficient to support superconductivity, with Tc as high as 3.4 K near ambient pressure. DA - 2016/03/24 PY - 2016 PB - American Physical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 1737ee4c-51ab-4e5d-9d7b-ebc59aa23f2c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Single-etch subwavelength engineered fiber-chip grating couplers for 13 µm datacom wavelength band DO - 10.1364/OE.24.012893 AU - Benedikovic, Daniel AU - Alonso-Ramos, Carlos AU - Cheben, Pavel AU - Schmid, Jens H. AU - Wang, Shurui AU - Halir, Robert AU - Ortega-Moñux, Alejandro AU - Xu, Dan-Xia AU - Vivien, Laurent AU - Lapointe, Jean AU - Janz, Siegfried AU - Dado, Milan T2 - Optics Express SN - 1094-4087 VL - 24 IS - 12 SP - 12893 EP - 12904 AB - We report, for the first time, on the design and experimental demonstration of fiber-chip surface grating couplers based on subwavelength grating engineered nanostructure operating in the low fiber chromatic dispersion window (around 1.3 μm wavelengths), which is of great interest for short-reach data communication applications. Our coupler designs meet the minimum feature size requirements of large-volume deep-ultraviolet stepper lithography processes. The fiber-chip couplers are implemented in a standard 220-nm-thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and are fabricated by using a single etch process. Several types of couplers are presented, specifically the uniform, the apodized, and the focusing designs. The measured peak coupling efficiency is −2.5 dB (56%) near the central wavelength of 1.3 μm. In addition, by utilizing the technique of the backside substrate metallization underneath the grating couplers, the coupling efficiency of up to −0.5 dB (89%) is predicted by Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) calculations. DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - The Optical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : c68c8a52-834f-4063-964a-ff96aeb5e037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of synthetic cannabinoids on spontaneous neuronal activity: evaluation using Ca²⁺ spiking and multi-electrode arrays DO - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.038 AU - Tauskela, Joseph S. AU - Comas, Tanya AU - Hewitt, Melissa AU - Aylsworth, Amy AU - Zhao, Xigeng AU - Martina, Marzia AU - Costain, Willard J. T2 - European Journal of Pharmacology SN - 0014-2999 KW - cannabinoid receptor 1; neuron; Ca²⁺ spiking; multielectrode array; Spice compounds AB - Activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB₁) inhibits synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of benchmark and emerging synthetic cannabinoids to suppress neuronal activity in vitro using two complementary techniques, Ca²⁺ spiking and multi-electrode arrays (MEAs). Neuron culture and fluorescence imaging conditions were extensively optimized to provide maximum sensitivity for detection of suppression of neural activity by cannabinoids. The neuronal Ca²⁺ spiking frequency was significantly suppressed within 10 min by the prototypic aminoalkylindole cannabinoid, WIN 55,212-2 (10 μM). Suppression by WIN 55,212-2 was not improved by pharmacological intervention with signaling pathways known to interfere with CB₁ signaling. The naphthoylindole CB₁ agonist, JWH-018 suppressed Ca²⁺ spiking at a lower concentration (2.5 μM), and the CB₁ antagonist rimonabant (5 μM), reversed this suppression. In the MEA assay, the ability of synthetic CB₁ agonists to suppress spontaneous electrical activity of hippocampal neurons was evaluated over 80 min sessions. All benchmark (WIN 55,212-2, HU-210, CP 55,940 and JWH-018) and emerging synthetic cannabinoids (XLR-11, JWH-250, 5F-PB-22, AB-PINACA and MAM-2201) suppressed neural activity at a concentration of 10 μM; furthermore, several of these compounds also significantly suppressed activity at 1 μM concentrations. Rimonabant partially reversed spiking suppression of 5F-PB-22 and, to a lesser extent, of MAM-2201, supporting CB₁- mediated involvement, although the inactive WIN 55,212-3 also partially suppressed activity. Taken together, synthetic cannabinoid CB₁-mediated suppression of neuronal activity was detected using Ca²⁺ spiking and MEAs. DA - 2016/06/02 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 77e2df96-2a40-4c35-ae04-a5287af28600 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vivo anticancer activity of maesopsin 4-O-β-glucoside isolated from leaves of Artocarpus tonkinensis A. Chev. Ex Gagnep DO - 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.012 AU - Thuy, Trinh Thi AU - Thien, Dao Duc AU - Quang Hung, Tran AU - Tam, Nguyen Thanh AU - Anh, Nguyen Thi Hoang AU - Nga, Nguyen Thi AU - Cuc, Nguyen Thi AU - Mai, Le Phuong AU - Van Sung, Tran AU - Delfino, Domenico V. AU - Thao, Do Thi T2 - Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine SN - 1995-7645 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 351 EP - 356 KW - Artocarpus tonkinensis KW - BALB/c KW - Hematological parameters KW - Lewis lung carcinoma KW - Maesopsin 4-O-β-glucoside AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antitumor effect of maesopsin 4-O-β-glucoside (TAT2) isolated from the leaves of Artocarpus tonkinensis (A. tonkinensis) A. Chev. ex Gagnep. METHODS: The antitumor activity of TAT2 was evaluated in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mice. BALB/c mice had tumors induced by implantation with 2 × 106 LLC cells into the subcutaneous right posterior flank. Tumor-bearing mice were treated orally with a range of doses of TAT2 and a standard drug, doxorubicin. Animals were observed for tumor growth and mortality rate. Blood was collected to determine hematological and biochemical parameters. RESULTS: TAT2 was isolated from an ethanolic extract of A. tonkinensis leaves. Its structure was determined by MS and NMR spectroscopy, and identified as TAT2. The compound did not show acute toxicity at the highest dose tested (2 000 mg/kg body weight). TAT2 exhibited antitumor activity by decreasing tumor growth, increasing the survival rate, and ameliorating some hematological and biochemical parameters at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that TAT2 possesses clear antitumor activity. Due to its bioavailability and low toxicity, and the fact that it could be isolated in a large scale from A. tonkinensis leaves, the compound shows promise as a potential anticancer drug. DA - 2016/03/10 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0cf3175c-218c-4c30-b972-d450dd66811e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Software to analyze the relationship between aerosol, clouds, and precipitation: SAMAC DO - 10.5194/amt-9-619-2016 AU - Gagné, S. AU - MacDonald, L. P. AU - Leaitch, W. R. AU - Pierce, J. R. T2 - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques SN - 1867-8548 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 619 EP - 630 AB - The analysis of aircraft-based measurements of clouds is critical for studies of aerosol and of clouds. Many such measurements have been taken, but it is difficult to compare such data across instruments, flights and campaigns. We present a new open-source software program, SAMAC (Software for Airborne Measurements of Aerosol and Clouds), that may enable a more systematic and comparable approach to the analysis of aerosol–cloud–precipitation data. The software offers a cooperative and reproducible approach to the analysis of aircraft measurements of clouds across campaigns. SAMAC is an object-oriented software program in which a cloud is an object; all the data related to a cloud is contained in the cloud object. The cloud objects come with built-in methods and functions that allow for the quick generation of basic plots and calculations, SAMAC provides a quick view of the data set and may be used to compare clouds and to filter for specific characteristics. Other researchers can readily use already submitted algorithms once their data is placed in the cloud structure provided, and they can contribute their own algorithms to the software for others to see and use. This approach would improve comparability, reproducibility and transparency by allowing others to replicate results and test the same algorithms on different data DA - 2016/02/24 PY - 2016 PB - Copernicus Publications LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 94b41542-eff9-4a96-9587-74e5aaba03b8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dedicated industrial oilseed crops as metabolic engineering platforms for sustainable industrial feedstock production DO - 10.1038/srep22181 AU - Zhu, Li-Hua AU - Krens, Frans AU - Smith, Mark A. AU - Li, Xueyuan AU - Qi, Weicong AU - van Loo, Eibertus N. AU - Iven, Tim AU - Feussner, Ivo AU - Nazarenus, Tara J. AU - Huai, Dongxin AU - Taylor, David C. AU - Zhou, Xue-Rong AU - Green, Allan G. AU - Shockey, Jay AU - Klasson, K. Thomas AU - Mullen, Robert T. AU - Huang, Bangquan AU - Dyer, John M. AU - Cahoon, Edgar B. T2 - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - 22181 SP - 1 EP - 11 KW - Biochemistry KW - Molecular engineering plants AB - Feedstocks for industrial applications ranging from polymers to lubricants are largely derived from petroleum, a non-renewable resource. Vegetable oils with fatty acid structures and storage forms tailored for specific industrial uses offer renewable and potentially sustainable sources of petrochemical-type functionalities. A wide array of industrial vegetable oils can be generated through biotechnology, but will likely require non-commodity oilseed platforms dedicated to specialty oil production for commercial acceptance. Here we show the feasibility of three Brassicaceae oilseeds crambe, camelina, and carinata, none of which are widely cultivated for food use, as hosts for complex metabolic engineering of wax esters for lubricant applications. Lines producing wax esters >20% of total seed oil were generated for each crop and further improved for high temperature oxidative stability by down-regulation of fatty acid polyunsaturation. Field cultivation of optimized wax ester-producing crambe demonstrated commercial utility of these engineered crops and a path for sustainable production of other industrial oils in dedicated specialty oilseeds. DA - 2016/02/26 PY - 2016 PB - Nature Publishing Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9a04820c-79df-4d14-8cb3-44d371fad44d ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene-based SNP discovery in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) and common bean (P. vulgaris) for diversity analysis and comparative mapping DO - 10.1186/s12864-016-2499-3 AU - Gujaria-Verma, Neha AU - Ramsay, Larissa AU - Sharpe, Andrew G. AU - Sanderson, Lacey-Anne AU - Debouck, Daniel G. AU - Tar’an, Bunyamin AU - Bett, Kirstin E. T2 - BMC Genomics SN - 1471-2164 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 16 AB - BACKGROUND: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important grain legume and there has been a recent resurgence in interest in its relative, tepary bean (P. acutifolius), owing to this species’ ability to better withstand abiotic stresses. Genomic resources are scarce for this minor crop species and a better knowledge of the genome-level relationship between these two species would facilitate improvement in both. High-throughput genotyping has facilitated large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification leading to the development of molecular markers with associated sequence information that can be used to place them in the context of a full genome assembly. RESULTS: Transcript-based SNPs were identified from six common bean and two tepary bean accessions and a subset were used to generate a 768-SNP Illumina GoldenGate assay for each species. The tepary bean assay was used to assess diversity in wild and cultivated tepary bean and to generate the first gene-based map of the tepary bean genome. Genotypic analyses of the diversity panel showed a clear separation between domesticated and cultivated tepary beans, two distinct groups within the domesticated types, and P. parvifolius was confirmed to be distinct. The genetic map of tepary bean was compared to the common bean genome assembly to demonstrate high levels of collinearity between the two species with differences limited to a few intra-chromosomal rearrangements. CONCLUSIONS: The development of the first set of genomic resources specifically for tepary bean has allowed for greater insight into the structure of this species and its relationship to its agriculturally more prominent relative, common bean. These resources will be helpful in the development of efficient breeding strategies for both species and will facilitate the introgression of agriculturally important traits from one crop into the other. DA - 2016/03/15 PY - 2016 PB - BioMed Central LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 14169541-91c2-48b9-8741-70bd209a4c76 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantum memories: emerging applications and recent advances DO - 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212 AU - Heshami, Khabat AU - England, Duncan G. AU - Humphreys, Peter C. AU - Bustard, Philip J. AU - Acosta, Victor M. AU - Nunn, Joshua AU - Sussman, Benjamin J. T2 - Journal of Modern Optics SN - 0950-0340 SN - 1362-3044 SP - 1 EP - 24 KW - Quantum memories KW - Light-matter interfaces KW - Optical quantum KW - Information processing AB - Quantum light–matter interfaces are at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Quantum memories for photons, where non-classical states of photons are mapped onto stationary matter states and preserved for subsequent retrieval, are technical realizations enabled by exquisite control over interactions between light and matter. The ability of quantum memories to synchronize probabilistic events makes them a key component in quantum repeaters and quantum computation based on linear optics. This critical feature has motivated many groups to dedicate theoretical and experimental research to develop quantum memory devices. In recent years, exciting new applications, and more advanced developments of quantum memories, have proliferated. In this review, we outline some of the emerging applications of quantum memories in optical signal processing, quantum computation and non-linear optics. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments, and their impacts on more advanced photonic quantum technologies based on quantum memories. DA - 2016/03/16 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 0b56e9fc-9abe-4ef3-bfc1-13a6c0cc6bea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aircraft energy consumption limitation through drag reduction based on morphing wing technology: a new multidisciplinary experimental model AU - Tchatchueng Kammegne, Michel Joel AU - Botez, Ruxandra Mihaela AU - Grigorie, Teodor Lucian AU - Mamou, Mahmoud AU - Mebarki, Youssef T3 - The 6th International Conference & Workshop REMOO-2016, May 18-20, 2016, Budva, Montenegro KW - Energy save; Drag reduction; Morphing wing; Experimental testing AB - The research presented in this present paper was done within the framework of the international CRIAQ MDO505 Morphing Wing project, developed as a collaborative research project between academia, research centres and industry partners. The work exposed in the paper is related to the development of an experimental morphing wing model and its performance evaluation by using some wind tunnel tests. The model designed, fabricated and tested during the project is based on the dimensions of a full scale wing tip structure, equipped with a morphable flexible upper surface made from composite materials and deformed by using four miniature electrical actuators, with an array of 32 Kulite pressure sensors to monitor the air flow behaviour over the upper surface, and with an aileron also electrical actuated. After a short introduction a project description is made, followed by the presentation of the morphing wing model instrumentation and of the mechanisms used to control it. Finally, a wind tunnel aerodynamic results analysis is performed. DA - 2016/05/20 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 74a5a7da-766c-4eef-9b53-3c362d5a4e5c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrogenation studies on NdScSi and NdScGe DO - 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.02.017 AU - Tencé, Sophie AU - Mahon, Tadhg AU - Gaudin, Etienne AU - Chevalier, Bernard AU - Bobet, Jean-Louis AU - Flacau, Roxana AU - Heying, Birgit AU - Rodewald, Ute Ch. AU - Pöttgen, Rainer T2 - Journal of Solid State Chemistry SN - 00224596 KW - Silicides KW - Germanides KW - Crystal chemistry KW - Hydrogenation reactions KW - Neutron diffraction KW - Magnetic properties AB - CDATA[NdScSi and NdScGe were synthesized from the elements via arc-melting and subsequent annealing. Their ordered La₂Sb type structures, with space group I4/mmm, were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a=428.94(6) and b=1570.5(3) pm, wR2=0.0395, 309 F² values for NdScSi and a=431.2(1) and c=1581.3(5) pm, wR2=0.1220, 227 F² values for NdScGe, with 11 variables per refinement. Hydrogen insertion was performed on both Nd-based intermetallics by solid/gas reaction. Hydrogen uptake keeps the pristine compound space group but yields an anisotropic expansion of the unit cell with a large increase of c (≈+7%) and a slight decrease of a (≈−1.7%) parameters. Hydrogen absorption at 350 °C and under 5 bar of H₂ pressure shows that the hydride NdScSiH₁.₄₈₍₅₎ is formed. An in-situ neutron diffraction study during the deuteration of NdScSi reveals for the first time in a CeScSi-type compound, the possibility to fill two interstitial sites with deuterium atoms, leading to the composition NdScSiD1.5 for the deuteride adopting then the La₂Fe₂Se₂O₃-type structure. From magnetization measurements, we evidence that hydrogenation strongly reduces the Curie temperature of NdScSi (TC=175 K) and NdScGe (TC=194 K) since NdScSiH₁.₅ and NdScGeHₓ undergo a magnetic transition at 4 K and around 2 K, respectively. DA - 2016/02/13 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : bdfd6936-d9f6-4f07-9806-797f96ca9512 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation and characterization of genes encoding lipid transfer proteins in Linum usitatissimum DO - 10.1007/s10535-016-0592-8 AU - Mhaske, V. A. AU - Datla, R. AU - Qiu, S. AU - Harsulkar, A. M. T2 - Biologia Plantarum SN - 0006-3134 SN - 1573-8264 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - 285 EP - 291 KW - Flax KW - Gene expression KW - Molecular cloning KW - Plant development KW - RT-qPCR AB - Very little is known about lipid transfer proteins from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). In the present work, three genes encoding a lipid transfer protein (LTP) were isolated from flax, two of which encoded Type-1 and one Type-2 LTPs with molecular masses of about 9 and 7 kDa, respectively. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequence reveals that only Type 2 of the L. usitatissimum leaf specific LTP (LuLTP_Ls) had an N terminal signal peptide consisting of 23 amino acids. The phylogenetic analyses of LuLTP_Ls suggest their closest relatedness with respective proteins from Dimocarpus longan and Vitis vinifera. The gene expression analysis shows that LTP Type 1 genes, which include LuLTP_Ls1 and LuLTP_Ls3, were progressively expressed during leaf development, whereas LuLTP_Ls4 (Type 2) was expressed only at initial and terminal senescence stages of cotyledons. The results suggest that both types of LuLTP_Ls were differentially yet significantly expressed in cotyledons implicating their function in transport and scavenging lipidic skeletons for the benefit of other developing parts of the plant. DA - 2016/03/31 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : e03c18c1-d53e-44fc-a731-fdd6b067bf61 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tribological behavior of a cold-sprayed Cu–MoS₂ composite coating during dry sliding wear DO - 10.1007/s11249-016-0646-2 AU - Zhang, Yinyin AU - Shockley, J. Michael AU - Vo, Phuong AU - Chromik, Richard R. T2 - Tribology Letters SN - 1023-8883 SN - 1573-2711 VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 9 SP - 1 EP - 12 KW - Cold spray KW - Metal matrix composite KW - Friction KW - Wear rate KW - Subsurface microstructure KW - MoS₂ AB - Two cold spray coatings, one pure Cu and the other a Cu–MoS₂ composite coating, were studied for their tribology performance in dry air. It was demonstrated that a small amount of MoS₂ (1.8 ± 0.99 wt%) could significantly decrease coefficient of friction (CoF) from around 0.7 (Cu coating) to 0.14–0.15. MoS₂ patches on the wear track exhibited a lower local CoF, and the main velocity accommodation mechanism was shearing MoS₂-containing debris. Even though the coating wear rates were high in the early sliding (8.61–12.8 nm/cycle in penetration depth during the first 100 cycles), slow wear (0.12–0.22 nm/cycle) over the subsequent sliding was observed. It was also found that the presence of MoS₂ helped to achieve high endurance of the first steady-state CoF. The dynamics of the process, material transfer, and phase transformation were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The MoS₂ patches developed on the wear track and the counterface served as reservoirs to replenish MoS₂ in the contact and became depleted with sliding. Cross-sectional microstructure revealed by electron channeling contrast imaging technique showed a layer of sliding-induced microstructure, 3–5 µm thick for the Cu–MoS₂ coating, and 10–30 µm thick for the Cu coating DA - 2016/02/26 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 440368ac-a5f9-4580-9bad-3b9dc133dbfe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clinical applications of bacterial glycoproteins DO - 10.1586/14789450.2016.1166054 AU - Fulton, Kelly M. AU - Smith, Jeffrey C. AU - Twine, Susan M. T2 - Expert Review of Proteomics SN - 1478-9450 SN - 1744-8387 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 345 EP - 353 KW - Infectious disease KW - Bacterial pathogen KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Virulence factor KW - Pathogenesis KW - Glycoprotein KW - Diagnostics KW - Vaccines KW - Bacterial therapeutics AB - There is an ongoing race between bacterial evolution and medical advances. Pathogens have the advantages of short generation times and horizontal gene transfer that enable rapid adaptation to new host environments and therapeutics that currently outpaces clinical research. Antibiotic resistance, the growing impact of nosocomial infections, cancer-causing bacteria, the risk of zoonosis, and the possibility of biowarfare all emphasize the increasingly urgent need for medical research focussed on bacterial pathogens. Bacterial glycoproteins are promising targets for alternative therapeutic intervention since they are often surface exposed, involved in host-pathogen interactions, required for virulence, and contain distinctive glycan structures. The potential exists to exploit these unique structures to improve clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Translation of the potential in this field to actual clinical impact is an exciting prospect for fighting infectious diseases. DA - 2016/03/28 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a547aa96-b63b-43a5-95fa-77aee428efa2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An effective identification and quantification method for Ginkgo biloba flavonol glycosides with targeted evaluation of adulterated products DO - 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.003 AU - Ma, Yuan-Chun AU - Mani, Ana AU - Cai, Yaling AU - Thomson, Jaclyn AU - Ma, Jie AU - Peudru, Flavie AU - Chen, Sarah AU - Luo, Mai AU - Zhang, Junzeng AU - Chapman, Robert G. AU - Shi, Zhen-Tuo T2 - Phytomedicine SN - 0944-7113 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 377 EP - 387 KW - Ginkgo biloba KW - Ginkgo supplements KW - Adulteration KW - LC-MS KW - PCA KW - Pharmacopeia AB - BACKGROUND: Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) leaf extract is one of the most popular herbal products on the market, as it contains flavone glycosides (≥ 24%) and terpene lactones (≥ 6%), which are proposed to have significant physiological effects. Unfortunately, the challenging financial climate has resulted in a natural health product market containing adulterated ginkgo products. PURPOSE: 42 ginkgo samples were analyzed to establish an HPLC profile for authentic ginkgo and common ginkgo adulterants, and to develop a method capable of easily detecting adulteration in ginkgo commercial products. METHOD: In this study an efficient and targeted HPLC analysis method was established that is capable of distinguishing flavonol glycosides and aglycones simultaneously for the evaluation of ginkgo powdered extracts (PEs) and finished products in a single, 13 min run. Thirteen ginkgo leaf samples, fifteen standardized powdered extracts, and fourteen commercially available ginkgo products have been analyzed using this new HPLC method. Chromatograms were compared to six standard reference materials: one flavonol glycoside (rutin), three aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin), and two isoflavones (genestin and genistein). The quantitative chromatographic data was interpreted by principal component analysis (PCA), which assisted in the detection of unexpected chromatographic features in various adulterated botanical products. RESULTS: Only three of the commercially available ginkgo finished products tested in this study were determined to be authentic, with flavonol glycoside rutin, and aglycones quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin found to be common adulterants in the ginkgo powdered extract and finished product samples. CONCLUSION: Despite evidence of adulteration in most of the samples, each of the samples discussed herein met most of the current pharmacopeial standards. It is therefore critical that a preliminary evaluation be utilized to detect adulteration in commercial ginkgo products, prior to the acid hydrolysis procedure utilized in the current testing methods. DA - 2016/02/18 PY - 2016 PB - Elsiever LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 64dfa198-1997-41e0-aa5f-5d6f4730c61c ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intermolecular vibrational frequencies of the C-bonded CO₂CO dimer and observation of HeCO₂CO trimers DO - 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.03.019 AU - Barclay, A. J. AU - Sheybani-Deloui, S. AU - Michaelian, K. H. AU - Mckellar, A. R. W. AU - Moazzen-Ahmadi, N. T2 - Chemical Physics Letters SN - 00092614 VL - 651 SP - 62 EP - 65 AB - Infrared spectra of the CO₂─CO dimer are observed in the carbon monoxide CO stretch region (≈2150 cm⁻¹). Combination bands yield the first experimental determinations of intermolecular mode frequencies for the planar T-shaped C-bonded form (‘isomer 1’): 24.34 cm ⁻¹ for the in-plane CO rock and 43.96 cm ⁻¹ for the out-of-plane CO rock. These values are significantly higher than the analogous modes of the O-bonded form (‘isomer 2’), previously determined to be 14.19 and 22.68 cm ⁻¹, respectively. New results are also reported for both isomers of the¹²C¹⁸O₂-substituted form of the dimer. Weak ‘satellite bands’ observed for both isomers are tentatively assigned to the trimer He─CO₂─CO. DA - 2016/03/11 PY - 2016 PB - Elsiever LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d9102373-5f86-4324-a8f3-055a1c679189 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PEM fuel cell electrocatalysts based on transition metal macrocyclic compounds DO - 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.02.002 AU - Liu, Yuyu AU - Yue, Xiuping AU - Li, Kaixi AU - Qiao, Jinli AU - Wilkinson, David P. AU - Zhang, Jiujun T2 - Coordination Chemistry Reviews SN - 0010-8545 VL - 315 SP - 153 EP - 177 KW - Electrocatalysts KW - Oxygen reduction reaction KW - Polymer electrolyte membrane KW - Fuel cell KW - Macrocycle complex KW - Transition metal macrocycle AB - This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of development of transition metal macrocyclic (TMM) complex-based electrocatalysts used in oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Up to date performances of carbon material-supported TMM catalysts, including both ORR activity rates and stabilities are, discussed. The effects of different types and natures of metals, macrocyclic ligands, ligand substitutions, catalyst supporting materials, electrode preparation, and various acid/alkaline solutions are thoroughly analyzed and reviewed based on the published literature. The ORR mechanisms facilitated by these TMM catalysts are discussed from both a theoretical and experimental observation point of view. Required improvements in ORR activity, stability and commercial viability in order for TMM complex-based electrocatalysts to be utilized in PEMFCs are identified. Potential research directions to overcome current challenges are also suggested to facilitate future efforts in this area. DA - 2016/02/21 PY - 2016 PB - Elsiever LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5be94eda-b863-4dd3-8337-abaf58b6caaf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Failure and rescue of preconditioning-induced neuroprotection in severe stroke-like insults DO - 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.007 AU - Tauskela, Joseph S. AU - Aylsworth, Amy AU - Hewitt, Melissa AU - Brunette, Eric AU - Blondeau, Nicolas T2 - Neuropharmacology SN - 0028-3908 VL - 105 SP - 533 EP - 542 KW - Neuroprotection KW - Tolerance KW - Preconditioning KW - Excitotoxicity KW - NMDA receptor KW - Ischemia AB - Preconditioning is a well established neuroprotective modality. However, the mechanism and relative efficacy of neuroprotection between diverse preconditioners is poorly defined. Cultured neurons were preconditioned by 4-aminopyridine and bicuculline (4-AP/bic), rendering neurons tolerant to normally lethal (sufficient to kill most neurons) oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or a chemical OGD-mimic, ouabain/TBOA, by suppression of extracellular glutamate (glutamateₑₓ) elevations. However, subjecting preconditioned neurons to longer-duration supra-lethal insults caused neurotoxic glutamateₑₓ elevations, thereby identifying a ‘ceiling’ to neuroprotection. Neuroprotective ‘rescue’ of neurons could be obtained by administration of an NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, just before glutamateₑₓ rose during these supra-lethal insults. Next, we evaluated if these concepts of glutamateₑₓ suppression during lethal OGD, and a neuroprotective ceiling requiring MK-801 rescue under supra-lethal OGD, extended to the preconditioning field. In screening a panel of 42 diverse putative preconditioners, neuroprotection against normally lethal OGD was observed in 12 cases, which correlated with glutamateₑₓ suppression, both of which could be reversed, either by the inclusion of a glutamate uptake inhibitor (TBOA, to increase glutamateₑₓ levels) during OGD or by exposure to supra-lethal OGD. Administrating MK-801 during the latter stages of supra-lethal OGD again rescued neurons, although to varying degrees dependent on the preconditioning agent. Thus, ‘stress-testing’ against the harshest ischemic-like insults yet tested identifies the most efficacious preconditioners, which dictates how early MK-801 needs to be administered during the insult in order to maintain neuroprotection. Preconditioning delays a neurotoxic rise in glutamateₑₓ levels, thereby ‘buying time’ for acute anti-excitotoxic pharmacologic rescue. DA - 2016/02/08 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 86e769ca-9796-4d38-88f0-b35a7bf2dd98 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In situ measurements of wind pressures on low slope membrane roofs DO - 10.1016/j.jweia.2016.03.010 AU - Bartko, Michal AU - Molleti, Sudhakar AU - Baskaran, Appupillai T2 - Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics SN - 0167-6105 VL - 153 SP - 78 EP - 91 KW - Membrane roofs KW - In situ measurements KW - Wind pressure KW - NBCC KW - Roof zones KW - Pressure coefficients KW - Tributary area AB - Pressure distributions created by wind flow on low slope roofs is an issue addressed by many wind tunnel studies and selective field experimental studies. Building codes and standards specify pressure coefficient data to determine the wind loads for commercial roofing claddings. Field measurements can provide valuable data to validate the current code provisions for wind loads, as well provide supporting data for existing wind uplift test methods for roof claddings. Thus the Special Interest Group on Dynamic Evaluation of Roofing Systems (SIGDERS) selected four locations (Ottawa, Vancouver, Mt. Pleasant and Rialto) across North America and collected wind speed, wind direction and wind pressure data for extended time periods to understand the wind interaction with low slope membrane roofs. This paper presents the data collected from November 2012 to November 2013 from the Ottawa, Ontario site. Based on the National Building Code of Canada׳s (NBCC) zoning procedure, pressure taps were installed to obtain data for the corner, edge and field roof zones. Occurrences of wind speed exceeding 16 m s⁻¹ were considered for various wind directions. Peak and mean pressure coefficients were calculated and compared with NBCC (2010)’s specifications. When instantaneous peak pressure coefficients were compared with the NBCC (2010), the measured data exceeded NBCC (2010)’s specifications for some wind directions. Nevertheless, when the pressure coefficients were compared by paring with their respective tributary area, the data concluded that the current NBCC (2010)’s specifications for the roof cladding and components are equally adequate for the wind load design of low slope membrane roofs. DA - 2016/04/07 PY - 2016 PB - Elsiever LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8d6b7a40-4ac3-4aa7-a7b2-4760049adb94 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physicochemical properties of functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials and their toxicity to fishes DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.041 AU - Felix, Lindsey C. AU - Ede, James D. AU - Snell, Dana A. AU - Oliveira, Taiane M. AU - Martinez-Rubi, Yadienka AU - Simard, Benoit AU - Luong, John H. T. AU - Goss, Greg G. T2 - Carbon SN - 0008-6223 VL - 104 SP - 78 EP - 89 AB - Chemical functionalization to tailor surface properties of nanomaterials (NMs) is expected to broaden their scope of potential applications but may also be used to modify NM toxicity. We have examined the physicochemical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with varying degrees of carboxylic acid group functionalization, two types of lignin-wrapped SWCNTs, as well as nonfunctionalized SWCNTs. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 1, 10, 50, 100 or 200 mg/L functionalized and nonfunctionalized SWCNTs for up to 72 h; measured endpoints included survival, hatching success, and alteration in gene expression. We have also characterized carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and examined their effects both in vivo using zebrafish and in vitro using three channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) cell lines. While nonfunctionalized SWCNTs did not affect survival or hatch of embryos, carboxylic acid functionalized SWCNTs accelerated hatching and lignin-wrapped SWCNTs both decreased survival and delayed hatch at all time points tested. Carboxylated CNC exposure decreased the viability of 1G8 and 28S.3 catfish cells. We suggest that surface functionality affects SWCNT characteristics and plays a key role in determining their toxicity. DA - 2016/03/19 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 11c7e634-9a4d-4db7-a468-da7d352a166a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interferometric time delay correction for Fourier transform spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet DO - 10.1080/09500340.2016.1165872 AU - Meng, Yijian AU - Zhang, Chunmei AU - Marceau, Claude AU - Naumov, A. Yu. AU - Corkum, P. B. AU - Villeneuve, D. M. T2 - Journal of Modern Optics SN - 0950-0340 SN - 1362-3044 SP - 1 EP - 7 KW - Fourier transform spectroscopy KW - Time delay correction KW - XUV KW - High-order harmonics AB - We demonstrate a Fourier transform spectrometer in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectrum using a high-harmonic source, with wavelengths as short as 32 nm. The femtosecond infrared laser source is divided into two separate foci in the same gas jet to create two synchronized XUV sources. An interferometric method to determine the relative delay between the two sources is shown to improve the accuracy of the delay time, with corrections of up to 200 asec required. By correcting the time base before the Fourier transform, the frequency resolution is improved by up to an order of magnitude. DA - 2016/04/04 PY - 2016 PB - Taylor & Francis Group LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d26efeed-f44a-4f6c-80c7-6b87d447d653 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ionization density dependence of the curve shape and ratio of blue to UV emissions of Al₂O₃:C optically stimulated luminescence detectors exposed to 6-MV photon and therapeutic proton beams DO - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.02.002 AU - Flint, David B. AU - Granville, Dal A. AU - Sahoo, Narayan AU - Mcewen, Malcolm AU - Sawakuchi, Gabriel O. T2 - Radiation Measurements SN - 1350-4487 VL - 89 SP - 35 EP - 43 KW - Optically stimulated luminescence KW - Al₂O₃:C KW - Proton therapy KW - Linear energy transfer KW - Radiation dosimetry AB - In this work we characterized the dose and linear energy transfer (LET) (ionization density) dependence of commercial Al₂O₃:C optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) detectors (OSLDs) exposed to clinical photon and proton beams. We characterized the dose-dependence of the OSL signal, OSL curve shape, and the relative intensities of the blue and ultraviolet (UV) OSL emission bands using different readout protocols and beam qualities. We irradiated OSLDs with absorbed doses ranging from 0.1 Gy to 100 Gy in a 6-MV photon beam and from 0.1 Gy to 50 Gy in 140- and 250-MeV proton beams. Readouts were done with both continuous-wave (CWOSL) and pulsed (POSL) stimulation. The linearity of the OSLD dose–response depended on readout protocol and radiation type. Improved linearity was found for OSLDs irradiated with beams of increased LET, and for OSL signals containing only the blue emission band of Al₂O₃:C (which remained linear for doses up to 10 Gy for 140-MeV proton beam irradiations). The OSL curve shape did not vary with dose in the low-dose region (below 5 Gy depending on readout protocol), but beyond this, curves decayed more rapidly with increasing dose. Similarly, the ratio of blue to UV emission band intensities in the OSL signal did not vary with dose up to 5 Gy (depending on readout protocol), beyond which the ratio decreased with increasing dose. Because both the OSL curve shape and the ratio of blue to UV emission intensities have been investigated as potential parameters for measurements of LET, the constancy of these two quantities at doses relevant to radiotherapy is encouraging for the potential development of novel OSL methods to measure LET. Our findings are expected to contribute to the development of (i) improved readout protocols for commercially available Al₂O₃:C OSLDs and (ii) methods to measure radiation quality and LET. DA - 2016/02/14 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 37dcbc08-f701-48f0-b8a4-5239777af184 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heteroatom enhanced sodium ion capacity and rate capability in a hydrogel derived carbon give record performance in a hybrid ion capacitor DO - 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.03.014 AU - Ding, Jia AU - Li, Zhi AU - Cui, Kai AU - Boyer, Steven AU - Karpuzov, Dimitre AU - Mitlin, David T2 - Nano Energy SN - 2211-2855 VL - 23 SP - 129 EP - 137 KW - Sodium ion battery KW - NIB KW - SIB KW - Supercapacitor KW - Ultracapacitor KW - Grapheme KW - Lithium ion battery KW - LIB KW - Anode KW - Cathode AB - We employed a polypyrrole hydrogel precursor to create a carbon framework that possesses both huge heteroatom content (13 wt% nitrogen and 11 wt% oxygen) and high surface area (945 m² g⁻¹) that is equally divided between micropores and mesopores. A sodium ion capacitor (NIC, HIC) electrode fabricated from this N and O Functionalized Carbon (NOFC) has tremendous reversible capacity and rate capability, e.g. 437 mA h g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹, and 185 mA h g⁻¹ at 1600 mA g⁻¹. This is among the most favorable reported, and is due to copious nanoporosity that enables fast ion sorption at the many N and O moieties and graphene defects. The NOFC imbues a NIC device with energy–power characteristics that are not only state-of-the-art for Na hybrids, but also rival Li systems: Ragone chart placement is 111 W h kg⁻¹ and 38 W h kg⁻¹ at 67 W kg⁻¹ and 14,550 W kg⁻¹, respectively, with 90% capacity retention at over 5000 charge/discharge cycles. DA - 2016/03/29 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 44c78ece-a307-4bf5-bb34-5ae784b3f2a5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Non-thermal radio emission from colliding flows in classical nova V1723 Aql DO - 10.1093/mnras/stv3019 AU - Weston, Jennifer H. S. AU - Sokoloski, J. L. AU - Metzger, Brian D. AU - Zheng, Yong AU - Chomiuk, Laura AU - Krauss, Miriam I. AU - Linford, Justin D. AU - Nelson, Thomas AU - Mioduszewski, Amy J. AU - Rupen, Michael P. AU - Finzell, Tom AU - Mukai, Koji T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 457 IS - 1 SP - 887 EP - 901 KW - Binaries KW - Novae KW - Cataclysmic variables KW - White dwarfs KW - Radio continuum KW - Star winds KW - Star outflow AB - The importance of shocks in nova explosions has been highlighted by Fermi's discovery of γ-ray-producing novae. Over three years of multiband Very Large Array radio observations of the 2010 nova V1723 Aql show that shocks between fast and slow flows within the ejecta led to the acceleration of particles and the production of synchrotron radiation. Soon after the start of the eruption, shocks in the ejecta produced an unexpected radio flare, resulting in a multipeaked radio light curve. The emission eventually became consistent with an expanding thermal remnant with mass 2 × 10⁻⁴ M⊙ and temperature 10⁴ K. However, during the first two months, the ≳10⁶ K brightness temperature at low frequencies was too high to be due to thermal emission from the small amount of X-ray-producing shock-heated gas. Radio imaging showed structures with velocities of 400 km s⁻¹ (d/6 kpc) in the plane of the sky, perpendicular to a more elongated 1500 km s⁻¹ (d/6 kpc) flow. The morpho-kinematic structure of the ejecta from V1723 Aql appears similar to nova V959 Mon, where collisions between a slow torus and a faster flow collimated the fast flow and gave rise to γ-ray-producing shocks. Optical spectroscopy and X-ray observations of V1723 Aql during the radio flare are consistent with this picture. Our observations support the idea that shocks in novae occur when a fast flow collides with a slow collimating torus. Such shocks could be responsible for hard X-ray emission, γ-ray production, and double-peaked radio light curves from some classical novae. DA - 2016/01/27 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford University Press LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : f7831e8b-ed23-4eaa-9e90-b5765fc6deee ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inspection of thick welded joints using laser-ultrasonic SAFT DO - 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.04.001 AU - Lévesque, D. AU - Asaumi, Y. AU - Lord, M. AU - Bescond, C. AU - Hatanaka, H. AU - Tagami, M. AU - Monchalin, J.-P. T2 - Ultrasonics SN - 0041-624X VL - 69 SP - 236 EP - 242 KW - Thick weld inspection KW - Laser ultrasonics KW - Synthetic aperture focusing technique AB - The detection of defects in thick butt joints in the early phase of multi-pass arc welding would be very valuable to reduce cost and time in the necessity of reworking. As a non-contact method, the laser-ultrasonic technique (LUT) has the potential for the automated inspection of welds, ultimately online during manufacturing. In this study, testing has been carried out using LUT combined with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) on 25 and 50 mm thick butt welded joints of steel both completed and partially welded. EDM slits of 2 or 3 mm height were inserted at different depths in the multi-pass welding process to simulate a lack of fusion. Line scans transverse to the weld are performed with the generation and detection laser spots superimposed directly on the surface of the weld bead. A CCD line camera is used to simultaneously acquire the surface profile for correction in the SAFT processing. All artificial defects but also real defects are visualized in the investigated thick butt weld specimens, either completed or partially welded after a given number of passes. The results obtained clearly show the potential of using the LUT with SAFT for the automated inspection of arc welds or hybrid laser-arc welds during manufacturing. DA - 2016/04/02 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 57a19600-cd67-46fa-abb4-e19a005aaf10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Final report. SIM comparison in mass standards SIM.M.M-K4 DO - 10.1088/0026-1394/53/1A/07009 AU - Becerra, L. O. AU - Peña, L. M. AU - Luján, L. AU - Díaz, J. C. AU - Centeno, L. M. AU - Loayza, V. AU - Cacais, F. AU - Olman, Ramos AU - Rodriguez, S. AU - Garcia, Fe AU - Garcia, Fr AU - Leyton, F. AU - Santo, C. AU - Caceres, J. AU - Kornblit, F. AU - Leiblich, J. AU - Jacques, C. T2 - Metrologia SN - 0026-1394 SN - 1681-7575 VL - 53 IS - 1A - Technical Supplement SP - 07009 SP - 1 EP - 7 AB - This report summarizes the results of a SIM comparison of a 1 kg mass standard carried out by 7 NMIs. The results reported by the participants are consistent with each other and they can be linked to the comparison CCM.M-K4 with satisfactory degrees of equivalence DA - 2016 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Science LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 9dbf4201-3360-4c89-a67b-cfc6eaa02c63 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Durability and mechanical properties of C–S–H/nitrobenzoic acid composite systems DO - 10.1617/s11527-016-0862-0 AU - Khoshnazar, Rahil AU - Beaudoin, James J. AU - Raki, Laila AU - Alizadeh, Rouhollah T2 - Materials and Structures SN - 1359-5997 SN - 1871-6873 SP - 1 EP - 11 KW - Calcium-silicate-hydrate KW - Nanocomposite KW - Nitrobenzoic acid KW - Durability KW - Microindentation AB - The influence of nitrobenzoic acid on the nanostructure of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C–S–H) systems has been recently investigated by the authors. This study focuses on the assessment of durability and mechanical performance of the C–S–H/nitrobenzoic acid composite systems. In this context different nitrobenzoic acid isomers in various concentrations were studied. The C–S–H-based preparations were compacted into porous bodies. Their dimensional stability and the leaching of calcium ions in aqueous salt solutions containing Mg²⁺, Li⁺, Cl⁻ or SO₄²⁻ ions were evaluated. The resistance of the compacted samples to the diffusion of isopropyl alcohol was also obtained by the mass-change measurements. The microindentation technique was used to measure the creep modulus and the hardness of the samples. Evidence was obtained that nitrobenzoic acid has the potential to significantly improve the durability and mechanical properties of the C–S–H systems. This improvement, however, only occurred in the systems with the lower concentration of nitrobenzoic acid. The systems with higher concentration of nitrobenzoic acid had reduced durability and mechanical performance due to the limited interaction of the organic and inorganic phases in these systems. DA - 2016/03/29 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 5da82e43-f5fd-4ed5-8d22-198597ec2cf1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High pressure structural changes in aluminium triiodide: a first principles study DO - 10.1063/1.4944086 AU - Majumdar, Arnab AU - Klug, Dennis D. AU - Yao, Yansun T2 - The Journal of Chemical Physics SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 144 IS - 12 SP - 124507 KW - High pressure KW - Aluminium KW - Phase transitions KW - Crystal structure KW - Density functional theory AB - First principles calculations identified a phase transition in aluminium triiodide (AlI₃) and predicted its physical and spectroscopic properties under high pressure conditions. A high pressure monoclinic phase is predicted to exist above 1.3 GPa accompanied with a coordination change of aluminium resulting from a transformation from the ambient pressure 4-coordinated primitive monoclinic phase with space group P2₁/c to the monoclinic 6-coordinated structure with space group C2/m. Density functional phonon calculations predicted its dynamical and mechanical stability. Infrared effective charge intensities and Raman scattering tensors were obtained to characterize its spectroscopic properties. First-principles metadynamics simulations were employed to reconstruct this phase transition and provide the mechanism details for energetically favourable path from the ambient pressureP2₁/cstructure to the predicted C2/mstructure. DA - 2016/03/24 PY - 2016 PB - AIP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : aef4c174-bfe9-43fe-bce9-7609a617a6e6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermodynamic temperature assignment to the point of inflection of the melting curve of high-temperature fixed points DO - 10.1098/rsta.2015.0044 AU - Woolliams, E. R. AU - Anhalt, K. AU - Ballico, M. AU - Bloembergen, P. AU - Bourson, F. AU - Briaudeau, S. AU - Campos, J. AU - Cox, M. G. AU - Del Campo, D. AU - Dong, W. AU - Dury, M. R. AU - Gavrilov, V. AU - Grigoryeva, I. AU - Hernanz, M. L. AU - Jahan, F. AU - Khlevnoy, B. AU - Khromchenko, V. AU - Lowe, D. H. AU - Lu, X. AU - Machin, G. AU - Mantilla, J. M. AU - Martin, M. J. AU - McEvoy, H. C. AU - Rougié, B. AU - Sadli, M. AU - Salim, S. G. R. AU - Sasajima, N. AU - Taubert, D. R. AU - Todd, A. D. W. AU - Van den Bossche, R. AU - van der Ham, E. AU - Wang, T. AU - Whittam, A. AU - Wilthan, B. AU - Woods, D. J. AU - Woodward, J. T. AU - Yamada, Y. AU - Yamaguchi, Y. AU - Yoon, H. W. AU - Yuan, Z. T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences SN - 1364-503X SN - 1471-2962 VL - 374 IS - 2064 SP - 20150044 KW - High-temperature fixed points KW - Thermodynamic temperature KW - Thermometry KW - Temperature scale KW - Kelvin KW - Eutectics AB - The thermodynamic temperature of the point of inflection of the melting transition of Re-C, Pt-C and Co-C eutectics has been determined to be 2747.84 ± 0.35 K, 2011.43 ± 0.18 K and 1597.39 ± 0.13 K, respectively, and the thermodynamic temperature of the freezing transition of Cu has been determined to be 1357.80 ± 0.08 K, where the ± symbol represents 95% coverage. These results are the best consensus estimates obtained from measurements made using various spectroradiometric primary thermometry techniques by nine different national metrology institutes. The good agreement between the institutes suggests that spectroradiometric thermometry techniques are sufficiently mature (at least in those institutes) to allow the direct realization of thermodynamic temperature above 1234 K (rather than the use of a temperature scale) and that metal-carbon eutectics can be used as high-temperature fixed points for thermodynamic temperature dissemination. The results directly support the developing mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin to include direct measurement of thermodynamic temperature. DA - 2016/02/22 PY - 2016 PB - The Royal Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 73d31b55-8679-4ea9-b679-4fc585e8b76e ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seed specific expression and analysis of recombinant human adenosine deaminase (hADA) in three host plant species DO - 10.1007/s11248-016-9951-7 AU - Doshi, Ketan M. AU - Loukanina, Natalia N. AU - Polowick, Patricia L. AU - Holbrook, Larry A. T2 - Transgenic Research SN - 0962-8819 SN - 1573-9368 SP - 1 EP - 9 KW - Adenosine deaminase KW - Plant KW - Transformation KW - Pisum sativum KW - Nicotiana benthamiana AB - The plant seed is a leading platform amongst plant-based storage systems for the production of recombinant proteins. In this study, we compared the activity of human adenosine deaminase (hADA) expressed in transgenic seeds of three different plant species: pea (Pisum sativum L.), Nicotiana benthamiana L. and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). All three species were transformed with the same expression vector containing the hADA gene driven by the seed-specific promoter LegA2 with an apoplast targeting pinII signal peptide. During the study, several independent transgenic lines were generated and screened from each plant species and only lines with a single copy of the gene of interest were used for hADA expression analysis. A stable transgenic canola line expressing the ADA protein, under the control of 35S constitutive promoter was used as both as a positive control and for comparative study with the seed specific promoter. Significant differences were detected in the expression of hADA. The highest activity of the hADA enzyme (Units/g seed) was reported in tarwi (4.26 U/g) followed by pea (3.23 U/g) and Nicotiana benthamiana (1.69 U/g). The expression of mouse ADA in canola was very low in both seed and leaf tissue compared to other host plants, confirming higher activity of seed specific promoter. Altogether, these results suggest that tarwi could be an excellent candidate for the production of valuable recombinant proteins. DA - 2016/03/19 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : cbf72b57-9cb2-48ef-aaa7-9a5495631b48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multi-parameter sensor based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in inverse-parabolic graded-index fiber DO - 10.1364/OL.41.001138 AU - Xu, Yanping AU - Ren, Meiqi AU - Lu, Yang AU - Lu, Ping AU - Lu, Ping AU - Bao, Xiaoyi AU - Wang, Lixian AU - Messaddeq, Younès AU - Larochelle, Sophie T2 - Optics Letters SN - 0146-9592 SN - 1539-4794 VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 1138 EP - 1141 AB - We propose a unique multi-parameter optical fiber sensor based on intramodal stimulated Brillouin scattering of higher-order acoustic modes in inverse-parabolic graded-index fiber (IPGIF) without a mode converter. Both optical modes and acoustic modes guided in the IPGIF are characterized and demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Simulation analysis shows that the multi-peak feature in the Brillouin gain spectrum of the IPGIF is attributed to the couplings between the guided optical mode and the higher-order acoustic modes. Thanks to the distinct acoustic properties of the peaks induced by the sharp refractive index profile of the IPGIF, the different temperature and strain dependences of the first three Brillouin peaks enable the discrimination of the temperature and strain at an accuracy of 0.85°C and 17.4 με. DA - 2016/03/08 PY - 2016 PB - The Optical Society LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 7931bddd-bc38-4ba8-b274-f2a026d48641 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Islands Project. I. Andromeda XVI, an extremely low mass galaxy not quenched by reionization DO - 10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/147 AU - Monelli, Matteo AU - Martínez-Vázquez, Clara E. AU - Bernard, Edouard J. AU - Gallart, Carme AU - Skillman, Evan D. AU - Weisz, Daniel R. AU - Dolphin, Andrew E. AU - Hidalgo, Sebastian L. AU - Cole, Andrew A. AU - Martin, Nicolas F. AU - Aparicio, Antonio AU - Cassisi, Santi AU - Boylan-Kolchin, Michael AU - Mayer, Lucio AU - McConnachie, Alan AU - McQuinn, Kristen B. W. AU - Navarro, Julio F. T2 - The Astrophysical Journal SN - 1538-4357 VL - 819 IS - 2 SP - 147 SP - 1 EP - 14 AB - Based on data aquired in 13 orbits of Hubble Space Telescope time, we present a detailed evolutionary history of the M31 dSph satellite Andromeda XVI, including its lifetime star formation history (SFH), the spatial distribution of its stellar populations, and the properties of its variable stars. And XVI is characterized by prolonged star formation activity from the oldest epochs until star formation was quenched ~6 Gyr ago, and, notably, only half of the mass in stars of And XVI was in place 10 Gyr ago. And XVI appears to be a low-mass galaxy for which the early quenching by either reionization or starburst feedback seems highly unlikely, and thus it is most likely due to an environmental effect (e.g., an interaction), possibly connected to a late infall in the densest regions of the Local Group. Studying the SFH as a function of galactocentric radius, we detect a mild gradient in the SFH: the star formation activity between 6 and 8 Gyr ago is significantly stronger in the central regions than in the external regions, although the quenching age appears to be the same, within 1 Gyr. We also report the discovery of nine RR Lyrae (RRL) stars, eight of which belong to And XVI. The RRL stars allow a new estimate of the distance, (m − M)₀ = 23.72 ± 0.09 mag, which is marginally larger than previous estimates based on the tip of the red giant branch. DA - 2016/03/08 PY - 2016 PB - IOP Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : bf1ab09f-0154-448b-8403-3f00a340ce84 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A SERS and electrical sensor from gas-phase generated Ag nanoparticles self-assembled on planar substrates DO - 10.1039/C5AN02515J AU - Wang, S. AU - Tay, L.-L. AU - Liu, H. T2 - The Analyst SN - 0003-2654 SN - 1364-5528 VL - 141 IS - 5 SP - 1721 EP - 1733 AB - Optical excitation of coupled plasmonic nanoparticles supports intense localized electromagnetic “hot-spots” which enable a variety of surface enhanced spectroscopies with the best known example being surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), currently of great interest for sensing applications. In this study, we present a novel SERS and electrical dual transduction chemical sensor based on gas-phase generated, negatively charged, silver nanoparticles self-assembled on glass slide forming a close-packed plasmonic monolayer thin-film that supports both SERS and electrical sensing. We demonstrate broad tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the close-packed plasmonic nanoparticle monolayer thin-film sensors through control of the nanoparticle (NP) deposition time which directly influences the plasmonic coupling between neghibouring NPs. This broad tunability supports strong SERS activity from visible to near infrared (NIR) excitation wavelengths. We performed SERS and electrical measurements of a non-resonant molecule 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN) as a sample Raman reporter molecule to determine the SERS enhancement factor of our SERS substrate. We measured an average SERS enhancement factor of 10⁷ from our close-packed plasmonic nanoparticle monolayer thin-film sensor. Films which were grown below or above one nanoparticle monolayer both exhibited significantly lower SERS performance in one or more of SERS enhancement factor (EF), uniformity or repeatability. Our close-packed plasmonic nanoparticle monolayer thin-film sensors are highly uniform from point-to-point across the entire substrate and showed good reproducibility from batch-to-batch. These qualities are highly desirable for quantifiable detection of chemical and biological molecules. As an example application, this type of substrates provides an affordable and reliable sensing and identification capability for combatting new and emerging chemical and biological threats in support of security applications. DA - 2016/01/29 PY - 2016 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : b1ab732c-4b5f-440c-874f-059841db9759 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The start of the Sagittarius spiral arm(Sagittarius origin) and the start of the Norma spiral arm(Norma origin): model-computer and observed arm tangents at galactic longitudes −20° 1.84r0, where r0 is the electron range. A 50 MeV electron beam incident on a Mo target will result in greater bremsstrahlung efficiency than the same thickness W target (in units of r0) for target thickness case: z ⩾ 2.0r0. It is shown for the one-stage approach with thicknesses of (1.84–2.0)r0, that the 99Mo-production bremsstrahlung efficiency of a molybdenum target is greater by ∼100% at 30 MeV and by ∼70% at 60 MeV compared to the values for tungsten of the same thickness (in units of the appropriate r0) in the traditional two-stage approach (W converter and separate 99Mo producing target). This advantage of the one-stage approach arises from the fact that the bremsstrahlung produced is attenuated only once from attenuation in the molybdenum converter/target. In the traditional, two-stage approach, the bremsstrahlung generated in the W-converter/target is attenuated both in the converter in the 99Mo-producing molybdenum target. The photoneutron production yield of molybdenum and tantalum (as a substitute for tungsten) target was calculated by means of the MCNP5 transport code. On the basis of these data, the specific activity for the one-stage approach of three enriched 100Mo-targets of a 2 cm diameter and thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 radiation lengths (RL) were calculated to be: 19.54 Ci/g, 23.05 Ci/g, and 21.23 Ci/g, respectively. These results were compared with the evaluation presented in by Diamond et al. [19] for the same diameter and thickness 100Mo-targets in a two-stage approach. The comparison demonstrates that for all thicknesses under consideration, the specific activities at equilibrium in the one-stage approach are substantially greater than those evaluated in Diamond et al. [19] for the two-stage approach. More specifically, the specific activities at equilibrium in the Mo converter/target approach are greater than those in the standard W converter/Mo target approach at 100Mo target thicknesses of 1RL, 2RL, and 3RL by 28.9%, 82.5%, and 80.1%, respectively. DA - 2016/01/01 PY - 2016 LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : d2ac0ded-f2a2-4f8b-8e42-5582a68ee9b7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermal gradient behavior of TBCs subjected to a laser gradient test rig: simulating an air-to-air combat flight DO - 10.1007/s11666-015-0311-6 AU - Lima, Rogerio S. AU - Marple, Basil R. AU - Marcoux, P. T2 - Journal of Thermal Spray Technology SN - 1059-9630 VL - 25 SP - 282 EP - 290 KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Coatings KW - Flight simulators KW - Plasma jets KW - Plasma spraying KW - Supersonic aircraft KW - Temperature KW - Thermal barrier coatings KW - Thermal cycling KW - Thermal gradients KW - Yttria stabilized zirconia KW - Air plasma spray KW - Laser test KW - simulated fighter jet mission KW - Thermal barrier coating (TBC) KW - YSZ KW - Fighter aircraft AB - A computer-controlled laser test rig (using a CO2 laser) offers an interesting alternative to traditional flame-based thermal gradient rigs in evaluating thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The temperature gradient between the top and back surfaces of a TBC system can be controlled based on the laser power and a forced air back-face cooling system, enabling the temperature history of complete aircraft missions to be simulated. An air plasma spray-deposited TBC was tested and, based on experimental data available in the literature, the temperature gradients across the TBC system (ZrO2-Y2O3 YSZ top coat/CoNiCrAlY bond coat/Inconel 625 substrate) and their respective frequencies during air-to-air combat missions of fighter jets were replicated. The missions included (i) idle/taxi on the runway, (ii) take-off and climbing, (iii) cruise trajectory to rendezvous zone, (iv) air-to-air combat maneuvering, (v) cruise trajectory back to runway, and (vi) idle/taxi after landing. The results show that the TBC thermal gradient experimental data in turbine engines can be replicated in the laser gradient rig, leading to an important tool to better engineer TBCs. DA - 2016/01 PY - 2016 PB - Springer International Publishing LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : a69cfa3c-68b7-405f-abfc-27db9ffaba98 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk-based decision making for sustainable and resilient infrastructure systems DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001545#sthash.3xdbK88L.dpuf AU - Lounis, Zoubir AU - McAllister, Therese P. T2 - Journal of Structural Engineering SN - 0733-9445 VL - 142 IS - 9 AB - The development of infrastructure systems that are sustainable and resilient is a challenging task that involves a broad range of performance indicators over the system life cycle that affect system functionality and recovery. DA - 2016/06/02 PY - 2016 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 8b2bceaa-5a38-4c47-82c0-4c960717dee8 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Rayleigh and mie scattering DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_218-2 AU - Lockwood, David J. T2 - Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology SN - 9781441980700 KW - elastic scattering KW - elastic light scattering KW - Mie theory KW - Mie solution KW - Lorenz-Mie theory KW - Lorenz-Mie-Debye theory AB - From ancient times, people have gazed up at the sky in daylight and asked the perennial question "Why is the sky blue?" [1]. Other similar and related questions are "Why is the night sky black?", "Why are sunrises and sunsets red?", and "Why are the clouds white?" . Rayleigh [2-5] and Mie scattering [6] lie behind the long sought answers to all such questions about the colors seen in the sky. DA - 2016/04/06 PY - 2016 PB - Springer LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 79b16a3d-6c5c-4aa7-96a0-1c6bbe5245e5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The MASSIVE survey. V. Spatially resolved stellar angular momentum, velocity dispersion, and higher moments of the 41 most massive local early-type galaxies DO - 10.1093/mnras/stw2330 AU - Veale, Melanie AU - Ma, Chung-Pei AU - Thomas, Jens AU - Greene, Jenny E. AU - McConnell, Nicholas J. AU - Walsh, Jonelle AU - Ito, Jennifer AU - Blakeslee, John P. AU - Janish, Ryan T2 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 464 IS - 1 SP - 356 EP - 384 KW - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular KW - cD KW - galaxies: evolution KW - galaxies: formation KW - galaxies: kinematics and dynamics KW - galaxies: structure AB - We present spatially resolved two-dimensional stellar kinematics for the 41 most massive early-type galaxies (ETGs; MK ≲ −25.7 mag, stellar mass M* ≳ 1011.8 M⊙) of the volume-limited (D < 108 Mpc) MASSIVE survey. For each galaxy, we obtain high-quality spectra in the wavelength range of 3650–5850 Å from the 246-fibre Mitchell integral-field spectrograph at McDonald Observatory, covering a 107 arcsec × 107 arcsec field of view (often reaching 2 to 3 effective radii). We measure the 2D spatial distribution of each galaxy's angular momentum (λ and fast or slow rotator status), velocity dispersion (σ), and higher order non-Gaussian velocity features (Gauss–Hermite moments h3 to h6). Our sample contains a high fraction (∼80 per cent) of slow and non-rotators with λ ≲ 0.2. When combined with the lower mass ETGs in the ATLAS3D survey, we find the fraction of slow rotators to increase dramatically with galaxy mass, reaching ∼50 per cent at MK ∼ −25.5 mag and ∼90 per cent at MK ≲ −26 mag. All of our fast rotators show a clear anticorrelation between h3 and V/σ, and the slope of the anticorrelation is steeper in more round galaxies. The radial profiles of σ show a clear luminosity and environmental dependence: the 12 most luminous galaxies in our sample (MK ≲ −26 mag) are all brightest cluster/group galaxies (except NGC 4874) and all have rising or nearly flat σ profiles, whereas five of the seven ‘isolated’ galaxies are all fainter than MK = −25.8 mag and have falling σ. All of our galaxies have positive average h4; the most luminous galaxies have average h4 ∼ 0.05, while less luminous galaxies have a range of values between 0 and 0.05. Most of our galaxies show positive radial gradients in h4, and those galaxies also tend to have rising σ profiles. We discuss the implications for the relationship among dynamical mass, σ, h4, and velocity anisotropy for these massive galaxies. DA - 2016/09/16 PY - 2016 PB - Oxford LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 90bfa18f-fc33-4f93-94e3-8376c56b85cf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structural investigation on WlaRG from Campylobacter jejuni: a sugar aminotransferase DO - 10.1002/pro.3109 AU - Dow, Garrett T. AU - Gilbert, Michel AU - Thoden, James B. AU - Holden, Hazel M. T2 - Protein Science SN - 0961-8368 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 586 EP - 599 AB - Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram‐negative bacterium that represents a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Of particular concern is the link between C. jejuni infections and the subsequent development of Guillain‐Barré syndrome, an acquired autoimmune disorder leading to paralysis. All Gram‐negative bacteria contain complex glycoconjugates anchored to their outer membranes, but in most strains of C. jejuni, this lipoglycan lacks the O‐antigen repeating units. Recent mass spectrometry analyses indicate that the C. jejuni 81116 (Penner serotype HS:6) lipoglycan contains two dideoxyhexosamine residues, and enzymological assay data show that this bacterial strain can synthesize both dTDP‐3‐acetamido‐3,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose and dTDP‐3‐acetamido‐3,6‐dideoxy‐d‐galactose. The focus of this investigation is on WlaRG from C. jejuni, which plays a key role in the production of these unusual sugars by functioning as a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate dependent aminotransferase. Here, we describe the first three‐dimensional structures of the enzyme in various complexes determined to resolutions of 1.7 Å or higher. Of particular significance are the external aldimine structures of WlaRG solved in the presence of either dTDP‐3‐amino‐3,6‐dideoxy‐d‐galactose or dTDP‐3‐amino‐3,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose. These models highlight the manner in which WlaRG can accommodate sugars with differing stereochemistries about their C‐4′ carbon positions. In addition, we present a corrected structure of WbpE, a related sugar aminotransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, solved to 1.3 Å resolution. DA - 2016/12/28 PY - 2016 PB - Wiley LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 2320d94d-2ff9-4163-aba0-022ed745ed02 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unified behavior of soot production and radiative heat transfer in ethylene, propane and butane axisymmetric laminar diffusion flames at different oxygen indices DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.06.126 AU - Escudero, F. AU - Fuentes, A. AU - Consalvi, J.-L. AU - Liu, F. AU - Demarco, R. T2 - Fuel SN - 0016-2361 VL - 183 SP - 668 EP - 679 KW - laminar coflow diffusion flame KW - soot volume fraction KW - soot temperature KW - oxygen index KW - radiant fraction KW - laminar smoke point height AB - An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of oxygen index on the flame geometry, soot production and radiative loss in laminar over-ventilated co-flow buoyant axisymmetric diffusion flames at atmospheric pressure. Three gaseous hydrocarbon fuels, namely ethylene, propane, and butane, were considered. The oxygen index was varied from 21% to 37% and several mass flow rates were used. These conditions were chosen to keep the flames under the smoke point. Soot volume fraction and temperature were deduced from line-of-sight attenuation and two-color emission measurements, respectively. A scaling analysis based on the smoke point height was developed in order to unify the sooting behavior of the flames investigated. This analysis produced correlations for the flame height, the maximum soot volume fraction, the maximum integrated soot volume fraction and the radiant fraction at the smoke point. DA - 2016/11 PY - 2016 PB - Elsevier LA - eng C1 - Collection / Collection : NRC Publications Archive / Archives des publications du CNRC C2 - Record identifier / Identificateur de l’enregistrement : 31e6680b-3e5a-45c5-988e-47aed430892a ER -