| Abstract | This translation is the fourth arranged by the Permafrost Subcommittee of the Associate Committee on Soil and Snow Mechanics of the National Research Council of Canada, of the Russian permafrost publication "Principles of Geocryology". This translation of Chapter IX by P.A. Shumskii reviews the highlights in the history of ground ice investigations which were initiated in the eighteenth century. The main body of the text consists of a discussion of each of the types of ground ice encountered in permafrost regions. These include segregated ice, injected ice, ice veins, multiple ice veins, cave ice, thermokarst cave ice, karst cave ice, and buried ice. The modes of origin, characteristics, properties and geographical distribution of each of these types of ice are discussed in detail. |
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