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Phase transitions of adsorbates. IV. Mechanism of frost action in hardened cement paste

From National Research Council Canada

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  1. National Research Council of Canada
FormatText, Article
SubjectConcrete; phase transformations; cement; concrete (materials); frost; porosity
Abstract
The dimensional changes and the thermograms of cement specimens were determined during temperature cycles (+5 degrees to -60 degrees C, 0.33 degrees C/min). In each case, freezing processes at -8 degrees and -40 degrees C and melting processes at -11 degrees and 0 degrees C were observed. The results could be explained by a theory previously developed for the porous-glass-water system. At the higher temperature, freezing occurs on the outer surface of the specimen; at the lower temperature, it occurs in the pores after redistribution of the water. Because water does not freeze in pores filled on adsorption, it migrates out of these pores when the relative humidity (expressed in terms of the vapor pressure of undercooled water), unavoidably decreases on cooling. Expansion is deleterious when the water content of the paste is significantly greater than the equilibrium value at the prevailing relative humidity. The effects of the water/cement ratio, degree of saturation, air entrainment, sample dimensions, and cooling rate were consistent with the theory.
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  • Journal of the American Ceramic Society 55, no. 1 (January 1972): 38–42.
LanguageEnglish
Peer reviewedYes
IdentifierDBR-RP-499
NRC numberNRCC 12220
NRC-IRC-2625
NPARC number20374780
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Record identifier83ae720e-10ff-41c5-ab26-8f76ce97dace
Record created2012-07-23
Record modified2024-01-19
Date modified: